모션 그래픽 영상에서 피사 계심도 깊이 차이에 따른 감성 정보 연구

김종무 디자인융복합학회 2009 디자인융복합연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 모션그래픽(motion graphic) 영상에서 피사계심도(depth of field) 깊이 차이에 따라 인간의 감성이 어떻게 변화되는가를 의미분별법(Semantic Differential)을 통해 실험 하였다. 피사계심도(Depth of Field)의 차이를 주기 위해 조리개 수치를 f2.8, f5.6, f11 그리고 f22로 변환한 4 개의 영상을 실험에 사용하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 감성 어휘는 14 개의 상위 어휘와 62 개 하위 어휘로 나누었으며, 대표성을 나타내는 단어를 추출하여 중복되거나 의미가 비슷한 어휘를 제외하고 반대어와 쌍을 이루는 10 개항으로 설문을 작성하였다. 감성에 대한 반응은 7 점 Self Assessment Manikins(SAM) 척도를 활용하여 측정하였다. 실험 연구 결과 첫째, 성별이 피사계심도의 차이에 따른 감성 변화에 영향을 끼치지는 않았다. 둘째, 피사계심도의 차이에 따른 실험자의 감성 변화에서는 피사계심도가 깊을수록 또는 조리개 수치가 f2.8 일 때 실험자는 부드러운, 따듯한, 소박한, 긍정적인 감성을 나타냈으며 이와 반대로 피사계심도가 낮을수록 조리개 수치가 f22 일 때 실험자는 거칠은, 차가운, 화려한, 부정적인 감성을 순차적이며 규칙적으로 나타냈다. 또한 복잡한-단순한, 정적인-동적인, 차가운-따뜻한, 고급스러운-평이한에 대한 실험자의 감성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났으며 가벼운-무거운, 고전적-모던한에 대한 감성의 변화는 불규칙적으로 나타났다. This study has experimented through Semantic Differential to find out how sensitivity of people changes according to difference of Depth of Field in Motion Graphic video images. For providing differences in Depth of Field, four video images were used in the experiment by changing the number of iris at F2.8, F5.6, F11, and F22. Sensitivity vocabularies used in this study are composed of 14 upper level vocabularies and 62 lower level vocabularies and a questionnaire was prepared in 10 questions making a pair with antonyms by excluding vocabularies with duplication in meaning and similar in meaning by extracting words expressing representation. Responses to sensitivity were measured by utilizing seven points Self Assessment Manikins. (SAM). As the result of experiment research, first, sex did not influence on sensitivity changes according to differences of Depth of Field. Second, in sensitivity changes of experimenters according to differences of Depth of Field, experimenters showed soft, warm, simple, positive sensitivity when Depth of Field was deeper or when number of iris was F2.8 and on the contrary, when Depth of Field was lower and when number of iris was F22, experimenters showed coarse, cold, splendid, and negative sensitivity in a sequence and in regularity. In addition, sensitivity changes of experimenters regarding complicated-simple, static-dynamic, cold-warm, and luxuriouscommon showed very minimal and changes of sensitivity regarding light-heavy and classicmodern were shown irregularly.

TV영상의 화면 깊이와 화질에 따른 시청자 수용연구

이성욱 ( Sungwook Lee ) 부산대학교 영화연구소 2012 아시아영화연구 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구는 텔레비전 영상으로 표현되는 화면의 깊이감과 화질에 따 라 달라질 수 있는 TV시청자들의 수용결과를 바탕으로 영상의 제작 목적에 부합하는 효과적인 영상표현법을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 화 면으로 표현되는 화면의 깊이감과 화질에 따라 시청자들이 볼 수 있는 정보량의 차이는 장소와 내용에 대한 사실감 표현을 다르게 만들기 때 문이다. 최근 전자기술의 발달로 방송에서도 기존 방송카메라의 이미 지센서보다 약 16배 정도 커진 35mm 사진용 필름 사이즈와 같은 대형 이미지 센서가 사용되면서 그동안 방송 카메라로는 표현이 어려웠던 매우 얕은 피사계심도의 영상표현이 가능해졌다. 기존의 텔레비전 영 상과 차별화되는 영상 표현이 가능해지면서 대형 이미지센서를 활용 한 영상제작은 텔레비전에서 장르를 불문하고 점점 더 많이 사용되고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 단지 새로운 느낌만을 위한, 그리고 이러한 효 과를 더욱 강조하기 위한 극단적인 배경의 생략은 인물과 함께 표현 되어야 할 장소라는 정보의 생략으로 이어질 수밖에 없다. 화면 속 장소 와 공간이 나타내는 정보는 화면 속 인물에 대한 직간접적인 설명인 동시에 장소와 관련한 다양한 정보를 시청자들에게 제공하기도 하는 등 배경이 나타내는 정보는 수용자들에게 내용전달과 이해를 위해 중 요한 역할을 하는 것이 사실이다. 전자기술의 발달로 텔레비전에도 점점 더 다양한 촬영포맷이 사용되고 있다. 현재 방송에서 많이 사용 되 고 있는 세 가지 촬영포맷의 동일조건의 비교실험을 통해 화면의 깊이 감과 화질의 차이에 따라 수용자들이 느끼는 차이를 알아보았다. The study is focused on depth of television-screen and resolution and how it affects the television viewers. The purpose of pictorialimage in depth-of-field scale is to express esthetic and psychological aspects. Process of pictorial-image production will vary the televisionviewers` perception of resolution difference and follow by viewers` recognition of location and realism. Recently, large-sized image sensors have been developed. Due to electronic development, it became possible to express pictorial-images in shoal-depth on television and this application is widely utilized when pictorial-images are broadcasted. Instead of focused on the content and the conveyance of information, television-viewers are biased to new “LOOK.” In pictorial-images with extreme shallowdepth of field, information on the background is out of focus and the main character and/or the main subject in the screen is in focus; omission of background information contacts directly/indirectly with main character/subject can lose its information to be passed on. Viewing pictorial-images in extreme shallow-depth of field will dissent from viewing in reality. The advantage is to have one`s attention while viewing, but in contrary, the images are expressed in different nature and will diminish the realism. The survey concluded the effectiveness of understanding of location was filmed with large-depth of filed image. Visual interest and visual attention was more effective with shallow-depth of field image with high resolution. The outcome was better when filmed with moderatedepth of field image with high resolution to focus on the content; it was better to film foods with shallow-depth of field image with high resolution. As a result, it was effectual to utilize moderate-depth of field image with high resolution to convey information, instead of utilizing too large/too shallow-depth of field image with poor resolution. Visual attraction was more effective utilizing moderatedepth of field image with high resolution as well.

Influence of Depth-dependent Rock Properties on Stress Field Determination in KURT Site

Chae-Soon Choi,Yong-Ki Lee,Kyung-Woo Park 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.1

In KAERI, a site descriptive model for stress field estimation had already been constructed by using integrated field data within KURT site scale. A sub-divided rock block domain containing major fracture zones has spatial rock mass and fault properties. The properties were decided based on the rock classification results of several borehole investigations. Modeling for maximum and minimum horizontal stress field estimation was performed and compared with the in-situ data. As a result, a depth-dependent stress ratio was adopted to obtain numerical results closer to actual in-situ data. Although the results were suitable at a relatively low depth (~500 m), there is still some deviation trend at a deep depth. This study aims to improve these modeling results by incorporating not only depth-dependent stress ratio but also changes in rock mass properties along the depth. The deep borehole of DB2 in the KURT site indicated fracture distribution corresponding to the property changes. Natural fractures are typically randomly oriented, and the fracture frequency decreases with increasing depth. The increase in P-wave velocity log data accompanies these features. A discrete fracture network (DFN) model can be used to simulate fractured rock explicitly, but DFN modeling is not feasible for site scale analysis because of its numerical efficiency. Therefore, as a preliminary model in this study, the effect of fracture distribution was considered by substituting the influence for the depth-dependent property. The properties were estimated from the fracture frequency and P-wave velocity log data. The influence of elastic modulus and density on the site stress field was dominant, with decreasing the deviation trend between modeling and in-situ data at a deep depth. Considering that the depth of the repository construction is within about 500 m, it may not be necessary to consider the change of rock properties with depth. However, it was determined that the rock property effect might need to be considered when the loading conditions change due to subsidence in the long-term evolution scenario. Continuously, this site descriptive modeling will be interdependently conducted with a representative DFN block model for deriving equivalent properties in fractured rock.

선형가속기의 소조사면에 대한 빔 자료 측정에서 검출기의 선량 특성 분석

구기래,양오남,임청환,최원식,신성수,안우상 대한방사선과학회 2012 방사선기술과학 Vol.35 No.3

선형가속기를 기반으로 하는 세기조절방사선치료와 정위적방사선수술에서는 치료계획시스템의 소조사면에 대한 신뢰할만한 선량분포를 계산하기 위해서는 우선적으로 소조사면의 정확한 빔 자료 측정이 선행되어야 한다. 특히 소조사면의 빔 자료 측정에서 조사면 가장자리에서의 급격한 선량 변화, 측면 전자비평형, 그리고 검출기의 체적 영향으로 인한 적절한 검출기 선택이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선형가속기의 소조사면에 대한 빔 자료 측정에 있어서 검출기의 선량 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 검출기는 0.01 cc 부피와 0.13 cc 부피의 이온전리함과 정위적다이오드를 사용하였으며, 빔 자료는 광자선(6 MV와 15 MV)에 대하여 조사면 크기를 2 × 2㎠에서 5 × 5㎠까지 변화시켜 각 검출기를 이용하여 깊이선량백분율, 선량출력계수, 그리고 빔측면도를 측정하였다. CC01 이온전리함과 정위적다이오드 검출기를 이용한 PDD20/PDD10은 2 × 2㎠ 조사면의 경우 6 MV와 15 MV에서 각각 1.02%와 0.12% 차이를 보였다. 3 × 3㎠ 이상의 조사면에서는 각 검출기를 이용하여 얻어진 PDD20/PDD10의 차이가 6 MV와 15 MV에서 각각 평균 1.15%와 0.71% 이였다. CC01 이온전리함과 정위적다이오드 검출기를 이용한 선량출력계수 측정 결과, 2 × 2㎠ 조사면의 경우 6 MV와 15 MV에서 0.5%와 1.5%이내에서 일치하였다. 3 × 3㎠ 이상의 조사면에서는 각 검출기의 차이가 0.5% 이내이였다. 3개의 깊이에서 측정된 빔측면도의 반음영은 정위적다이오드 검출기의 경우 6 MV와 15 MV에서 각각 평균 2.7 mm와 3.5mm, CC01 이온전리함의 경우 각각 평균 3.4 mm와 4.3 mm, CC13 이온전리함의 경우 각각 평균 5.2 mm와 6.1 mm이였다. 이를 통해 깊이선량백분율과 선량출력계수 측정 시 2 × 2㎠ 조사면에서는 CC01 이온전리함과 정위적다이오드 검출기를 3 × 3㎠에서 5 × 5㎠ 조사면에서는 각 검출기의 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 소조사면에 대한 정확한 빔측면도의 반음영을 측정하기 위해서는 유효체적이 작은 CC01 이온전리함과 정위적다이오드 검출기 사용하는 것이 타당하겠다 Aquisition of accurate beam data is very important to calculate a reliable dose distribution of the treatment planning system for small radiation fields in intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS). For the measurement of small fields, the choice of a suitable detector is important due to the shape gradient in profile penumbra, the lack of lateral electronic equilibrium, and the effect of effective detector volume. Therefore, this study was to analyze the dosimetric characteristics of various detectors in measurement of beam data for small fields of linear accelerator. 0.01cc and 0.13cc ion chambers (CC01 and CC13) and a stereotactic diode detector(SFD) were used for measurement of small fields. The beam data, including the percent depth dose, output factor, and beam profile were acquired under 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams. Measurements were performed with the field size ranging from 2×2㎠ to 5×5㎠. For 2×2㎠ field size, the differences of the ratios of PDD20 and PDD10 measured by CC01 and SFD detectors were 1.02% and 0.12% for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams, respectively. For field sizes larger than 3×3㎠, the differences of values of PDD20/PDD10 obtained from each detector were 1.15% and 0.71% for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams, respectively. The output factors obtained from CC01 and SFD for 2×2㎠ field size were within 0.5% and 1.5% for 6 MV and 15 MV, respectively. The differences in output factor of three detectors for 3×3㎠ to 5×5㎠ field sizes were within 0.5%. Profile penumbras measured by the SFD, CC01, and CC13 detectors at three depths were average 2.7 mm and 3.5 mm, 3.4 mm and 4.3 mm, and 5.2 mm and 6.1 mm for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams, respectively. In conclusion, it could be possible to use of the CC01 and SFD detectors for the measurement of percent depth dose and output factor for 2×2㎠ field size, and to use of three detectors for 3×3㎠ to 5×5㎠ field sizes. CC01 and SFD detectors, consider ably smaller than the radiation field, should be used in order to accurately measure the profile penumbra for small field sizes.

보건.복지 현장형 교수자의 강의 역량에 대한 요구도 탐색 연구 : 활동 이론을 기반으로

차현진(Hyunjin Cha),진선미(Sunmi Jin) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.18

목적 본 연구는 보건복지 현장형 강사들이 현장형 강의에서 학습자 중심의 강의를 수행할 수 있도록 역량 강화 및 교육 프로그램 개발에 시사점을 도출하기 위해, 보건복지 현장형 교수자들의 역량에 대한 요구사항을 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 방법 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 보건복지 현장형 강사들을 3개의 그룹으로 분류하고 총 9명을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 심층 면담 데이터는 활동 이론을 기반으로 분석하여 맥락적 상황을 심층적으로 이해하고 현장에서 필요로 하는 실질적인 요구 사항을 도출하고자 하였다. 결과 심층 면담을 분석한 결과 보건복지 현장형 강사의 교육 준비, 실행, 개선의 과정적 측면에서 필요로 하는 세부 역량에 대한 요구도가 도출되었고, 다른 강사와 차별화된 역량으로 현장형 강사들에게 특별히 요구되는 현장 영역 측면에서 다양한 세부 역량이 도출되었다. 이러한 현장 영역에서의 역량은 기존에 다른 성인 교육에서 교수자의 역량과는 차이점을 가지는 것으로 현장에 대한 경험과 전문성을 바탕으로 교육생들의 교육 요구도에 따라 짧은 시간에 이를 습득하여 현장에 적용하려는 목적을 가진 현장형 강의에 대응하기 위한 역량을 갖춰야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 코로나 팬데믹 상황에서 혁신적인 강의 방법으로 라이브 강의에 대한 역량도 요구되는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론 본 연구는 그동안 보건복지 현장형 강사들의 역량 요구 측면에 대한 선행 연구가 부족했다는 점에서 현장형 강사의 역량 강화를 위한 기반 자료로 활용될 수 있다. Objectives This study aims to explore the needs for competency of health and welfare field-type instructors in order to draw implications for their capacity enhancement and educational program development which help to perform learner-centered lectures. Methods To achieve the objective, in this study, health and welfare field-type instructors were classified into three groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of nine instructors. The in-depth interview data was analyzed based on activity theory to understand the contextual situation in-depth and to derive practical requirements for the field. Results As a result, the needs for competencies required in terms of training preparation, implementation, and improvement of health and welfare field instructors was derived, and various competencies in the field area specifically required for field instructors has shown. It is revealed that such competencies in field areas are different from those of instructors in other adult education, and it is the competencies that instructors should respond to field-type lectures with the purpose of applying into authentic tasks in the field. In addition, it was analyzed that the ability to perform live-lectures as a innovative teaching method in the Corona pandemic situation is required. Conclusions Results of this study can be utilized as a basis on the competency-based education for health and welfare field-type instructors, which is the lack of prior research.

Development of a Crawler Type Vehicle to Travel in Water Paddy Rice Field for Water-Dropwort Harvest

전현종,강태경,최용,최일수,최덕규,이정근 한국농업기계학회 2013 바이오시스템공학 Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a rubber-crawler type vehicle as a traveling device for harvesting water-dropwort cultivated in water contained paddy rice field in winter season. Methods: A commercial rubber-crawler type vehicle was used to investigate application of rubber crawler to the paddy rice field as preliminary test. As the result of the preliminary test, a both prototype traveling device with rubber crawlers for a water-dropwort harvest was designed with inclination of 45° at the front-end and rear-end of crawler under the basic water depth of 0.6 m in the paddy rice field. The device was fabricated and attached to the experimental harvesting test devices on the front of the prototype vehicle. The size of the prototype crawler vehicle with a harvesting part is 2,800 x 1,460 x 1,040 (mm) (LxWxH) with weight of 9.21kN (maximum). Sizes of the crawler of prototype vehicle are ground contact length of 900 mm, width of 180 mm, height of 1,070 mm and distance between center to center of crawlers of 720 mm. The side-overturn angle of the prototype was 26.4°. Results: Driving performance of the prototype vehicle in water contained paddy field were good at both forward and reverse (backward) directions as weights were applied. The drawbar pull and the maximum sinking depth of the prototype vehicle were 3.5 kN and 0.13 m respectively at water depth of 0.5 m, when the weight and bearing capacity of the prototype rubber crawler in the paddy field were 8.51 kN and 26.3 kN/m2, respectively. Conclusions: Results of the driving test performance of the prototype crawler in paddy rice field at the water depth of 0.5 m were satisfactory. The prototype had enough drawbar pull and driving ability in the deep water contained paddy field.

Off-Road Machinery Systms Engineering : Development of a Crawler Type Vehicle to Travel in Water Paddy Rice Field for Water-Dropwort Harvest

( Hyeon Jong Jun ),( Tae Gyoung Kang ),( Yong Chi ),( Il Su Choi ),( Duck Kyu Choi ),( Choung Keun Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2013 바이오시스템공학 Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a rubber-crawler type vehicle as a traveling device for harvesting water-dropwort cultivated in water contained paddy rice field in winter season. Methods: A commercial rubber-crawler type vehicle was used to investigate application of rubber crawler to the paddy rice field as preliminary test. As the result of the preliminary test, a both prototype traveling device with rubber crawlers for a water-dropwort harvest was designed with inclination of 45° at the front-end and rear-end of crawler under the basic water depth of 0.6 m in the paddy rice field. The device was fabricated and attached to the experimental harvesting test devices on the front of the prototype vehicle. The size of the prototype crawler vehicle with a harvesting part is 2,800 x 1,460 x 1,040 (mm) (LxWxH) with weight of 9.21kN (maximum). Sizes of the crawler of prototype vehicle are ground contact length of 900 mm, width of 180 mm, height of 1,070 mm and distance between center to center of crawlers of 720 mm. The side-overturn angle of the prototype was 26.4°. Results: Driving performance of the prototype vehicle in water contained paddy field were good at both forward and reverse (backward) directions as weights were applied. The drawbar pull and the maximum sinking depth of the prototype vehicle were 3.5 kN and 0.13 m respectively at water depth of 0.5 m, when the weight and bearing capacity of the prototype rubber crawler in the paddy field were 8.51 kN and 26.3 kN/m2, respectively. Conclusions: Results of the driving test performance of the prototype crawler in paddy rice field at the water depth of 0.5 m were satisfactory. The prototype had enough drawbar pull and driving ability in the deep water contained paddy field.

Development of a Crawler Type Vehicle to Travel in Water Paddy Rice Field for Water-Dropwort Harvest

Jun, Hyeon-Jong,Kang, Tae-Gyoung,Choi, Yong,Choi, Il-Su,Choi, Duck-Kyu,Lee, Choung-Keun Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2013 바이오시스템공학 Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a rubber-crawler type vehicle as a traveling device for harvesting water-dropwort cultivated in water contained paddy rice field in winter season. Methods: A commercial rubber-crawler type vehicle was used to investigate application of rubber crawler to the paddy rice field as preliminary test. As the result of the preliminary test, a both prototype traveling device with rubber crawlers for a water-dropwort harvest was designed with inclination of $45^{\circ}$ at the front-end and rear-end of crawler under the basic water depth of 0.6 m in the paddy rice field. The device was fabricated and attached to the experimental harvesting test devices on the front of the prototype vehicle. The size of the prototype crawler vehicle with a harvesting part is $2,800{\times}1,460{\times}1,040 $ (mm) ($L{\times}W{\times}H$) with weight of 9.21 kN (maximum). Sizes of the crawler of prototype vehicle are ground contact length of 900 mm, width of 180 mm, height of 1,070 mm and distance between center to center of crawlers of 720 mm. The side-overturn angle of the prototype was $26.4^{\circ}$. Results: Driving performance of the prototype vehicle in water contained paddy field were good at both forward and reverse (backward) directions as weights were applied. The drawbar pull and the maximum sinking depth of the prototype vehicle were 3.5 kN and 0.13 m respectively at water depth of 0.5 m, when the weight and bearing capacity of the prototype rubber crawler in the paddy field were 8.51 kN and 26.3 $kN/m^2$, respectively. Conclusions: Results of the driving test performance of the prototype crawler in paddy rice field at the water depth of 0.5 m were satisfactory. The prototype had enough drawbar pull and driving ability in the deep water contained paddy field.

Analysis of the PTO Torque of a Transplanter by Planting Condition

( Wan Soo Kim ),( Sun Ok Chung ),( Chang Hyun Choi ),( Jong Seung Cho ),( Dug Soon Choi ),( Young Joo Kim ),( Sang Dae Lee ),( Soon Jung Hong ),( Yong Joo Kim ),( Seung Mo Koo ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.4

Purpose: This study measured and analyzed the PTO (power take off) torque of a transplanter according to the planting conditions during field operation. Methods: A torque measurement system was constructed with torque sensors to measure the torque of a PTO shaft, a measurement device to acquire sensor signals, and a power controller to provide power for a laptop computer. The field operation was conducted at four planting distances (26, 35, 43, and 80 cm) and two planting depths using the transplanter on a field with similar soil conditions. One-way ANOVA with planting distance and Duncan`s multiple range test at a significance level of 0.05 were used to analyze the PTO torque. The torque ratio was calculated based on the minimum torque using the average PTO torque measured under each planting condition. Results: The average torques on the PTO shaft for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a low planting depth were 11.05, 9.07, 7.04, and 3.75 Nm, respectively; the same for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a middle planting depth were 12.20, 9.86, 7.94, and 4.32 Nm, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at a low planting depth increased by 88, 142, and 195%, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at the middle planting depth increased by 84, 128, and 182%, respectively. Conclusions: PTO torque fluctuated by planting distance and depth. Moreover, the PTO torque increased for short planting distances. Therefore, farmers should determine the planting conditions of the transplanter by considering the load and durability of the machine. The results of this study provide useful information pertaining to the optimum PTO design of the transplanter considering the field load.

Analysis of the PTO Torque of a Transplanter by Planting Condition

Kim, Wan Soo,Chung, Sun Ok,Choi, Chang Hyun,Cho, Jong Seung,Choi, Dug Soon,Kim, Young Joo,Lee, Sang Dae,Hong, Soon Jung,Kim, Yong Joo,Koo, Seung Mo Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.4

Purpose: This study measured and analyzed the PTO (power take off) torque of a transplanter according to the planting conditions during field operation. Methods: A torque measurement system was constructed with torque sensors to measure the torque of a PTO shaft, a measurement device to acquire sensor signals, and a power controller to provide power for a laptop computer. The field operation was conducted at four planting distances (26, 35, 43, and 80 cm) and two planting depths using the transplanter on a field with similar soil conditions. One-way ANOVA with planting distance and Duncan's multiple range test at a significance level of 0.05 were used to analyze the PTO torque. The torque ratio was calculated based on the minimum torque using the average PTO torque measured under each planting condition. Results: The average torques on the PTO shaft for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a low planting depth were 11.05, 9.07, 7.04, and 3.75 Nm, respectively; the same for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a middle planting depth were 12.20, 9.86, 7.94, and 4.32 Nm, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at a low planting depth increased by 88, 142, and 195%, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at the middle planting depth increased by 84, 128, and 182%, respectively. Conclusions: PTO torque fluctuated by planting distance and depth. Moreover, the PTO torque increased for short planting distances. Therefore, farmers should determine the planting conditions of the transplanter by considering the load and durability of the machine. The results of this study provide useful information pertaining to the optimum PTO design of the transplanter considering the field load.