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- 주제어 : debt reaffirm (검색결과 2 건)
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면책채무 지급약정의 효력에 관한 연구 -채무자회생법·채권추심법 상의 추심금지조항의 해석을 중심으로-
정건희 ( Geonhui Jeong ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2021 一鑑法學 Vol.- No.49
명문으로 면책채무 지급약정의 효력에 관해 규정하고 있는 미국과 달리 우리나라는 캐나다·일본처럼 법원의 해석을 통해 면책채무 지급약정의 효력을 판단하고 있다. 그리고 법원은 면책채무 지급약정의 효력을 부정하면서 그 근거로 법의 목적·면책의 취지·파산자의 이익 등을 제시하고 있다. 그러나 채권자와 채무자가 사적 자치의 원칙에 따라 체결한 면책채무 지급약정을 단순히 법의 목적을 거론해 무효로 돌릴 수는 없다. 면책채무 지급약정의 효력은 채무자회생법과 채권추심법상 추심금지조항의 강행규정성과 관련해 해석할 필요가 있다. 채무자회생법과 채권추심법의 논리적·체계적 해석을 통해 두 법이 금지하고 있는 추심행위의 범위를 통합적으로 해석할 수 있다. 그리고 채무자회생법 및 채권추심법의 목적과 입법취지·추심금지의 구체적 범위·채권자의 사익·면책의 정당성·추심의 대상이 되는 법률관계의 부존재·법적 안정성의 측면을 모두 고려하였을 때 추심금지조항은 효력규정에 해당한다. 따라서 면책채무 지급약정은 추심금지조항의 강행규정성에 반해 효력이 없다. Unlike the U.S., which stipulates the effect of the reaffirmation agreement by law, Korea judges effect of the reaffirmation agreement through court interpretation, as in the case of Canada and Japan. The court also denies the effect of the reaffirmation agreement, suggesting the purpose of the law, the intent of the immunity, and the interests of the bankrupt. However, the reaffirmation agreement signed by creditors and debtors based on the principle of private autonomy cannot be nullified simply by citing the purpose of the law. The effect of the reaffirmation agreement needs to be interpreted in relation to the compulsion of the prohibition against debt collection under the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. A logical and systematic interpretation of the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act and Fair Debt Collection Practices Act shows that the scope of collection acts prohibited by the two laws needs to be interpreted integrally. In addition, considering the purpose and the legislative intent of the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the specific scope of prohibition against debt collection, creditors’ private interests, justification of immunity, and the legal stability, the prohibition against debt collection is a validity rule. Therefore, the reaffirmation agreement is invalid in violation of the compulsion of the prohibition against debt collection.
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송재우 부산대학교 법학연구소 2019 법학연구 Vol.60 No.4
The discharge of the bankrupt's liabilities in the bankruptcy procedure is very important, considering that the purpose and function of bankruptcy law is to assist the bankrupt with a fresh start via the release from of the excess liabilities. In Korean courts' precedents, the liabilities do not perish after the discharge in bankruptcy procedure, but is still maintained between the bankrupt and the creditor, with the restriction of right to litigation. Assuming that the liabilities still hold, the bankrupt may enter into a reaffirmation agreement for the liabilities which have been or would be discharged in the bankruptcy procedure with the specific creditor, in spite of discharge. However, the reaffirmation agreement has been interpreted to be null and void by the Korean courts. Such interpretation comes from the position that the main role of the bankruptcy is to lessen the burden of the liabilities owed by the bankrupt. However, the bankrupt may feel it necessary to enter into such reaffirmation agreement with the specific creditors, since the contractual relationship with, or the assistance from, the creditor is important for his ‘smooth financial rehabilitation’ after the completion of bankruptcy. In this regard, it would be recommendable to study the adoptability of the reaffirmation agreement into the Korean bankruptcy regulation system under the reasonable control with a the comparative study of the reaffirmation agreement.
KCI
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