관광에서의 문화다양성에 관한 시론적 고찰: 관광권리를 중심으로

손신욱 ( Son Shin-wook ),김봉석 ( Kim Bong-seok ) 한국관광산업학회 2021 Tourism Research Vol.46 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 관광관점에서 문화다양성에 대한 개념의 변화 및 의미 확장과정을 고증하고 관광분야의 법률적, 학술적, 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 위하여 문화다양성에 대한 학술연구, 국제기구의 보고서, 국내 정책보고서 등을 검토한다. 선행연구를 분석을 통하여 관광분야의 문화다양성을 위한 관광분야의 과제를 도출한다. 연구를 통하여 문화다양성에 대한 담론 형성을 시도함은 물론이고 관련 분야 정책기획자와 실무자에게 관련 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 연구 결과 세 가지 과제가 도출되었다. 첫째, 관광법제 측면을 검토한 결과 이미 상호주의적 문화다양성과 관련한 시책을 규율하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 관광진흥법 상 관광권리의 명시와 권리 주체에 대한 명확화가 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 관광의 법 목적성에 문화다양성과 관광권리 인식을 포괄할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 관광 학술적 차원에서 문화다양성 연구는 인종, 민족, 언어 등 초기 수준의 연구에 한정되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 관광 관점에서 문화다양성의 분류연구 및 영향관계 분석 연구 필요성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 정책적으로 관광으로 인한 사회·문화 영향 파악을 위한 관광 영향평가의 제도화 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 문화기본법에 근거하여 사회·문화적 영향 평가와 연계하여 관광의 사회·문화 영향을 평가하는 방안 등의 문화다양성을 함양하기 위한 방안이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to prove the change in the concept of cultural diversity from a tourism perspective. In addition, it attempts to derive implications for the legal, academic, and policy fields. For this purpose, academic research on cultural diversity, reports of international organizations, and domestic policy reports are reviewed. Through the analysis of previous studies, tasks in the tourism field are derived for cultural diversity in the tourism field. In addition to attempting to form a discourse on cultural diversity through research, it is intended to present relevant implications to policy planners and practitioners in related fields. As a result of the study, three tasks were drawn. First, as a result of examining the aspects of the tourism legislation, it was found that policies related to reciprocity cultural diversity are already being regulated. However, it was found that the clarification of tourism rights and clarification of the rights subject were required under the Tourism Promotion Act. In addition, it was found that it was necessary to include cultural diversity and awareness of tourism rights in the legal purpose of tourism. Second, it was found that the study of cultural diversity at the level of tourism academics was limited to research at the initial level such as race, ethnicity, and language. From the perspective of tourism, it was found that there is a need for a classification study of cultural diversity and an analysis of impact relations. Finally, it was found that there is a need to institutionalize tourism impact assessment to understand the social and cultural impact of tourism. In addition, based on the Framework Act on Culture, measures to cultivate cultural diversity such as measures to evaluate the social and cultural impact of tourism in connection with the social and cultural impact assessment were found to be required.

CULTURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY : A MANAGERIAL VIEW

Jung Sung-chae,Choi Yun-hong 한국문화관광학회 2001 문화관광연구 Vol.3 No.1

In spite of all the considerable interest of government and regional communities in Korea, the cultural attractions and their significance as a consumer good was trivialized in the tourism sector. The culprit is not tourism but cultural site mismanagement or lack of management. Regardless of lots of trial, cultural tourism touches us as a level of educational intent until this moment. Cultural tourism development and policy are aimed at increasing visitation through the understanding and promotion of those who visit. The most desirable and effective way to make these values known is through the first hand experience of managed site visitation. This study reports on the considerable points of managerial issues that have taken an in-depth look at the strategical approaches for the implementation of Korean cultural tourism planning and development in the future. For the management principles of cultural tourism, it is suggested that strong links required at a regional level with the general tourism industry, the success of cultural tourism relies heavily on the support from and partnership with local communities, and technical assistance with various levels. The coordinated efforts of fully committed support are the critical essentials for cultural tourism to flourish. This study concludes the managerial and political techniques in the various aspects will be needed to manage the cultural tourism.

Cultural Tourism

Jung.Sung-chae 세계문화관광학회 2009 Conference Proceedings Vol.10 No.0

Cultural tourism is one of the fastest growing aspects of tourism. The planning and development on cultural tourism is booming around the world and a number of countries have embarked on vigorous cultural tourism development programs to bolster the perceived economic benefits of tourism. The areas include implementation of range of cultural tourism strategies, setting up national and local governmental associations. Business opportunities in cultural tourism are unlimited with many areas for expansion. This study reports the managerial implication on the basis of considerable findings of cultural tourism studies. Cultural tourism industry is not like those of the other industries. Good management of cultural tourism is central to the mission of management. Regardless of orientation and professional discipline, cultural tourism touches us all directly. The most desirable and effective way to make cultural values known is through the first hand experience of managed site visitation. This study result that the cultural tourism should be managed under the consideration of variety aspect of managerial techniques.

The Significance of Bajau Laut Community As A Cultural Tourism Product In Semporna, Sabah

Tini Maizura Mohtar,Kamarul Mizal Marzuki,Noor Fzlinda Fabeil 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

Semporna is a gateway for divers to the famous diving sites in the world. The primary motive tourists visits Semporna is for their diving activities at Sipadan and Mabul not knowing that the Bajau's in Semporna has an only one of its kind culture. The intention for developing product for the Bajau's people or "sea-gypsy" is to analyze and expose their unique Bajau's community lifestyles besides it will enhance the economic activities of the Bajau's. This will positively help to enhance and increase the cultural contribution within the development of the cultural tourism relationship: the tourists, cultural tourism operators and the cultural entrepreneurs. Proper management of cultural tourism provide the conservation community into the sustainable development by placing the local communities achieve better socio-economic benefits. The purpose of this exploratory research is to identify potential and issues through cultural uniqueness by promoting Bajau's Laut community. A semi-structured interview with the district officer, local community leaders and tourists has been conducted and secondary data obtained from the previous studies will be applied to this research. Furthermore, the idea of developing Semporna for their Bajau's Cultural Tourism can help to shift the tourism development concentration from the west coast to the east -coast of Sabah. This could be the alternative for the marine tourism to cultural tourism guaranteeing the survival of these revenue-generating cultural heritage assets will play an important role in the well-being of future generations.

백제문화권 문화관광 육성전략 방안에 관한 연구 - 공주ㆍ부여를 중심으로

박종호(Park Jong-Ho),최병창(Choi Byung-Chang) 국제관광산업학회 2008 국제관광산업연구 Vol.1 No.1

  These four ways to promote cultural tourism in Baek-Je cultural area.<BR>  First, the strategies for developing cultural tourism policies efficiently are as follows. It is needed to develop policy of making "Baek-Je cultural tourism specialized corporate town" in order to make local residents in the Baek-Je cultural area participate and benefit, and to make politic efforts to designate Baek-Je cultural heritages as National Treasure in UNESCO"s Memory of the world. Support from the central government to promote Baek-Je cultural tourism and expansion of related organization, system and law are also needed. To carry out general preparation and planning, it is highly necessary to start a Baek-Je cultural tourism research organization.<BR>  Second, as strategies of commercializing cultural tourism resources, the researcher proposes developing diverse culture programs such as "revival of Baek-Je Communications Men" through combined efforts of Korea and Japan.<BR>  It is recommended to offer tourists with round-trip of Baek-Je cultural area and make Baek-Je Street where cultural attitude and taste can be interchanged between generations by experiencing art and culture in the Baek-Je cultural area. With mapping out a strategy for publicizing "Great gilt bronze censer", one of the most splendid heritage of Baek-Je, and forming images of the glorious civilization of Baek-J e into goods featuring popular characters, it is needed to enhance the value of contents as cultural products.<BR>  Third, as the strategies of establishing cultural tourism facilities, the researcher proposes to restore and manage Baek-Je cultural tourism facilities in scientific ways, to operate traditional lodging complex based on historical culture, to provide chances to experience culture by building traditional crafted products manufacturing facility, and to build an auditorium.<BR>  Forth, as for the organizing operating system strategy, it is proposed to build Baek-Je cultural tourism integrated information system, to organize professional job field in cultural tourism, to establish Baek-Je cultural tourism Development Agency and to introducing professional marketing system of Baek-Je cultural tourism.

주요선진국 대도시와 경기도의 문화경쟁력 비교 분석

김흥식(Heung-Sik Kim),이정섭,김은정,좌승희 경기연구원 2008 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.2008 No.11

연구의 배경 및 목적 21세기는 국가간 인적ㆍ물적 자원의 교류가 활발하게 전개되면서 글로벌화가 급속히 진전되고, 이러한 세계화의 진전은 향후 지역정보 및 지역문화 등의 영역을 다차원적으로 확대시킬 것으로 전망되며, 국가간 문화관광 교류의 활성화와 상호협력 증진에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 무한경쟁시대가 전개됨에 따라 국가 및 지역차원에서의 경쟁을 격화될 것으로 전망되어 국가경쟁력 뿐만 아니라 지역의 경쟁력 강화에 있어 경쟁과 협력이 최우선 과제로 대두되고 있으며, 특히, 문화관광산업은 국가경제에 미치는 영향력이 증대함에 따라 선진국은 물론 저개발국들까지도 문화관광산업을 21세기의 성장 동력 산업으로 인식하여 경쟁적으로 대대적인 문화관광 인프라 및 산업의 경쟁력을 강화시키는 전략을 수립하고 있다. 이와 같이 세방화(glocalization)로 요약할 수 있는 21세기에는 한 국가에서 지역이 갖는 의미를 크게 변화시키고 있으며, 국제화와 함께 지방화의 추세가 진전되어감에 따라 점차 지역의 경쟁력은 곧 국가의 경쟁력을 좌우할 수 있는 주요한 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내외 주요 지역들 간의 문화관광경쟁력 수준을 종합적이고 객관적으로 비교ㆍ평가함으로써 경기도가 세계 주요지역과의 무한경쟁 시대에 능동적으로 대처하면서 지역발전을 이루기 위해서 어떻게 국가경쟁력 가장 중요한 부분 중의 하나인 문화관광경쟁력을 강화하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구요약 본 연구에서의 “문화관광경쟁력”은 통합 분석틀 내에서‘지역 또는 국가의 삶의 질을 확보해 주는 능력이며 세계 문화 및 관광시장에서 타 국가에 비해 지속적이며 경쟁적으로 부가가치를 창출하는 능력으로, 방문객의 문화관광에 대한 수요에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있는 통합적 관점에서의 능력’으로 그 개념을 정의하였다. 자료의 신뢰성 및 자료 확보의 용이성 차원에서 우리나라의 경기도와 OECD 30개 국가 중 UNWTO 통계를 통해 세계 관광 상위국인 미국의 뉴욕, 일본의 도쿄, 영국의 런던, 스페인의 바르셀로나, 독일의 베를린, 프랑스의 파리의 6개국의 주요 도시와, OECD 미 가입국이지만 문화관광상품의 수요자이면서 동시에 공급자로서의 지위를 확고히 하고 있는 중국의 베이징을 비교 도시로 선정하여, 주요 국가의 도시 간 문화관광경쟁력 비교평가를 위한 도시자료를 수집하고 평가지표를 도출하여 실제 평가를 진행하였다. 조사대상 지역에 관하여 최종 총 4개의 대분류, 16개 중분류, 55개 소분류로 비교 항목을 선정ㆍ분류하여 각각의 항목마다 그 가중치를 부여하고 순위를 정하였으며, 본 분석모형에 대해 분석한 결과, 도시별 문화관광경쟁력 종합순위는 1위가 중국 베이징, 2위가 프랑스 파리, 3위가 스페인 바르셀로나, 4위가 영국 런던, 5위가 미국 뉴욕, 6위가 독일 베를린, 7위가 일본의 도쿄, 8위가 한국의 경기도를 차지하였다. 대분류 평가항목별로 보면, 첫째, 숙박시설, 컨벤션시설, 관광편의시설 등이 포함된 관광인프라 지표 부문에서는 파리, 바르셀로나, 뉴욕 순이며, 종합순위 1위였던 베이징은 5위에 머물러 있으며, 둘째, 렌터카 비용, 5 star급 호텔숙박비, 식비, 관광수입, 국제회의 개최건수 등의 항목들이 포함된 관광경제지표 항목에서의 경쟁력은 베이징이 압도적으로 높은 것으로 나타났고, 그 다음이 바르셀로나, 파리 등의 순으로 나타났고, 경기도는 잠재적인 경쟁대상지인 도쿄보다는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 문화산업, 문화유산, 문화관련 인프라 등이 포함된 문화적자원지표 항목에서의 경쟁력은 역사가 오래된 유럽의 주요도시인 런던, 파리와 문화콘텐츠 산업이 발달되어 있는 미국의 뉴욕 등이 상위권에 포진되어 있는 반면, 경기도는 문화기반 평가항목 모두에서 최하위권에 머물렀다. 마지막으로, 국제기구 사무소수, 자매결연도시수, 방문객에 대한 안전도 등이 포함된 국제화 지표의 경쟁력은 런던과 파리, 도쿄가 상위권에 포함되어 있고, 그 다음으로는 바르셀로나, 뉴욕, 베를린과 경기도가, 그리고 중국베이징이 가장 낮은 경쟁력을 보였다. 결론 및 정책건의 본 연구에서는 기존 연구의 문제점과 한계를 극복하기 위하여 통합적 분석 틀 내에서 문화자원적 요소와 관광자원적 요소 등을 포함한 관광인프라 요소, 관광경제 요소, 문화적자원 지표, 국제화 요소라는 문화관광 시스템의 특성을 반영한 지역차원에서의 문화관광경쟁력에 대한 국제비교의 원천모형을 제시하였으며, 문화관광산업의 경쟁력이 문화관광의 자원적 요소뿐만 아니라 서비스의 수준과 가격요인에 의해 결정된다고 정의하고, 지역 및 국제기구의 공인통계자료와 전문가 설문조사를 바탕으로 지역의 문화관광경쟁력에 대한 국제비교 분석에 대한 평가결과를 제시하였다. 이에, 경기도는 문화관광경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 3名(名人, 名所, 名品)을 기반으로 한 역사문화관광 콘텐츠의 개발을 통하여 역사문화관광 목적지로 이미지를 강화하여야 하며, 관광형 U-Tour System, U-Traffic Solution, U-Tour Biz Support, U-Tour Wallet System 등을 통한 관광형 U-Tour City 구축으로 인위적인 관광매력물의 조성과 첨단기술을 활용한 관광안내정보 시스템의 선진화, 관광인프라 지표 중에서 다른 비교대상 도시에 비해 경쟁력이 낮은 숙박시설과 컨벤션 관련시설의 인프라 시정을 위해 주요관광자원 간의 네트워크를 통한 체재시간의 연장을 통한 체류형 관광목적지로의 관광마케팅 전략 수립, 비정부기구(NGO) 중심의 중소규모의 컨벤션을 유치할 수 있도록 틈새시장을 공략해야함을 정책건의 하였다. Cultural tourism competitiveness is a field of economic theory, which analyzes the facts and policies that shape the ability of a region to create and maintain a tourism environment that sustains more value creation for its and more prosperity for its people. A city's competitiveness cannot be reduced only to tourism resources or tourism infrastructure because cities must also cope with political, social and cultural dimensions. Therefore, cities need to provide an environment that has the most efficient structure and policies that encourage the cultural tourism competitiveness of cities. The main objective of this study is to analyze how Gyeonggi Province manages the totality of its cultural tourism-related competencies to achieve increased prosperity within the integrated framework. It provides an access to competitiveness related to the cultural tourism, ranking cities on the basis of 55 criteria, each analyzing a different facet of a cultural tourism competitiveness. Major findings show that Beijing is the most competitive city among compared major 8 cities. The second best city is Paris, following by Barcelona, London, New York, and Berlin, consecutively. The cultural tourism competitiveness of Tokyo and Gyeonggi in the northeast Asia region is absolutely low, while Beijing is the top city in all of criteria except for a cultural tourism infrastructure index. The weak competitiveness of Gyeonggi mainly results from poor tourism infrastructures such as 5 star hotels and convention centers, which are just directly related to the quality of tourism services. Even, Gyeonggi shows the lowest performance in the other important factor of cultural tourism competitiveness related to cultural resources indices such as cultural industry, cultural heritages and cultural infrastructures. The results of this study say that the policy priority should be mainly focused on the expansion of tourism-related infrastructure and construction of U-tour city to enforce Gyeonggi's cultural tourism competitiveness. It means that the enhancement of hardware and software competitiveness in tourism sector should be appropriately balanced. In today's global and changing world, this study provides the tools to better understand how cultural tourism competitiveness is evolving. We hope that decision-makers of a cultural tourism sector in Gyeonggi will find our current research and database meeting its needs in addressing the priorities shortly. It concludes that this study presents major findings as well as policy implications.

Planning Considerations of Cultural Tourism Development

Chi-Fan Lin,Yi-De Liu 세계문화관광학회 2009 Conference Proceedings Vol.10 No.0

Cultural tourism can be used to achieve a wide range of tourism policy goals. To reflect both the diversity of resources and tourists, planning is necessary. The aim of this research is to identify critical factors of cultural tourism planning, and group them into dimensions. The four dimensions developed include: inherent resources, created resources, marketing and governance. First, based on the amount and attractiveness of inherent resources, either heritage-oriented or event-oriented competitive strategies can be adopted to craft a city's positioning. Apart from the cultural heritage and attractions, general tourist infrastructure and its accessibility also play an important role in attracting cultural tourists. Second, differing from inherent resources, created resources can be invented and are known as cultural tourism products. The competitive success of cultural tourism products relies on their authenticity, inclusiveness and creativity. Third, segmentation is an important concept in tourism marketing, and this is especially true for cultural tourism. According to previous research, there are at least six variables that marketers could use to segment cultural tourism market. In addition to the market segmentation, cities also have to communicate their products effectively to clearly identified target markets. Finally, developing cultural products for tourism requires a diverse range of actors to work together effectively. However, one major problem is that the management of cultural tourism is usually in the hands of many different actors. It is therefore essential to build up partnerships between culture and tourism sectors, and between public and private sectors. To sum up, the planning of cultural tourism not only depends on the availability of resources but also the deployment of resources. Namely, to produce competitive advantages, it needs to combine the basic inherent resources and created tourism products with proper collaboration and marketing.

Developing Cultural Tourism Opportunities

Jung.Sung-Chae 한국문화관광학회 2005 문화관광연구 Vol.7 No.1

In recent years, cultural tourism has been regarded as a lucrative niche from the industry and an attractive proposition by not only local or central governments but also the tourism entrepreneurs. Much evidence has identified a high value in cultural attractiveness as being an important market segment. However, the implications of the issues have not yet been fully recognized. There is little information concerning the management of cultural tourism and how strategy should be committed to in the most effective manner. This study reports on the meaningful management implications of related studies that have taken an in-depth look at the managerial guide for the new approaches for the future. Cultural tourism products may be presented in a challenging and confronting manner, but cannot be presented in an intimidating or accusatory manner. Business opportunities in cultural tourism are unlimited with many areas for expansion. Considering this point, many areas approaches and managerial techniques to site management are required. A nation’s cultural attractions must be presented intelligently and creatively. It could be reached by better targeting of tourism development or planning along with a better understanding of nature of culture and cultural tourism. This ultimately will be reached to the main objective of cultural tourism management. This study concludes that the products of cultural tourism are not like those of other industries. Cultural tourism should be managed under consideration of strategical implications techniques to site management.

Cultural Tourism

Sung-chae Jung 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0

Business opportunities in cultural tourism are unlimited with many areas for expansion. This study reports the managerial implication on the basis of considerable findings of cultural tourism studies. Cultural tourism industry is not like those of the other industries. Good management of cultural tourism is central to the mission of management. Regardless of orientation and professional discipline, cultural tourism touches us all directly. The most desirable and effective way to make cultural values known is through the first hand experience of managed site visitation. This study result that the cultural tourism should be managed under the consideration of variety aspect of managerial techniques. Cultural tourism is one of the fastest growing aspects of tourism. The planning and development on cultural tourism is booming around the world and a number of countries have embarked on vigorous cultural tourism development programs to bolster the perceived economic benefits of tourism. The areas include implementation of range of cultural tourism strategies, setting up national and local governmental associations. This article is to propose the subject to discuss for our main conference issue. This is resubmitted from the 9th conference issue in cultural tourism management.

CULTURAL TOURISM : INTERNATIONAL CULTURE AND REGIONAL TOURISM

SUNG-CHAE JUNG 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

In recent years, cultural tourism has been regarded as a lucrative niche from the industry and an attractive proposition by not only local or central governments but also the tourism entrepreneurs. Much evidence has identified a high value in cultural attractiveness as being an important market segment. However, the implications of the issues have not yet been fully recognized. This study reports in-depth look at the managerial guide for the implementation of cultural tourism planning and development in the future. It could be reached by better targeting of tourism development or planning along with a better understanding of nature of culture and cultural tourism. This ultimately will be reached to the main objective of cultural tourism management and policy implementation.