http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 주제어 : contractual environments (검색결과 3 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
허진숙 글로벌경영학회 2022 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.19 No.2
This study analyzes whether the effect of the business relationship of large customers and subcontractors on the downward adjustment of subcontractors' profits is differentiated according to the contract environment of subcontractors. Subcontractors may show a downward earning trend on average compared to a company without a partner relationship, but discretionary earnings management cannot be used continuously.The situation in which subcontractors must use the downward earning adjustment may be discriminatory depending on the subcontractors contract environment..In this paper, information asymmetry, profitability of subcontractors, profitability of large customers, and bargaining power of subcontractors were used as contract environment. As a result of analyzing, a total of 9,205 listed companies from 2004 to 2014, only when the information asymmetry between large customer-subcontractors was high, the downward earning management was found. High information asymmetry means that earnings management opportunities increase. In addition, a downward earning management was observed only when prices-cut pressure increased, such as when the profitability of subcontractors increased or when the profitability of large customers decreased. This suggests that the subcontractors' downward earning management is not a regular accounting choice, but rather an accounting choice to alleviate unit price cut pressure. In addition, only when the bargaining power of subcontractors is relatively low, the tendency of downward earning management was observed. This indicates that subcontractors who have no choice but to accept the customer's request for unit price reduction have a high tendency of downward earning management. The results of this study show that the efforts of subcontractors to improve unequal negotiating power against large companies, such as diversifying their customers, can have an impact on accounting choice. In addition, downward earning management can be observed not only in specific circumstances, but also in regular contractual relationships, and it can be said that there is a contribution point in that it shows that the incentives are differentiated according to the contractual environment of subcontractors. 본 연구는 대기업 고객사와 협력사의 거래관계가 협력사의 이익의 하향조정에 미치는 영향이 협력사의 계약환경에 따라 차별적으로 나타나는지 분석한다. 협력사가 협력관계가 없는 기업에 비하여 평균적으로 이익의 하향조정 성향을 나타낼 수는 있으나 재량적 이익조정은 지속적으로 사용할 수 없다. 협력사가 이익의 하향조정을 사용해야만 하는 상황은 협력사가 처한 계약환경에 따라 차별적일 수 있다. 본 논문은 계약환경으로 고객사-협력사의 정보비대칭, 협력사의 수익성, 고객사의 수익성, 협력사의 협상력을 사용하였다. 2004년부터 2014년까지 유가증권상장기업을 대상으로 총 9,205개의 기업을 분석한 결과 고객사-협력사의 정보비대칭이 높은 경우에만 이익의 하향조정 성향이 나타났다. 정보비대칭이 높다는 것은 이익조정의 기회가 증가한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 협력사의 수익성이 증가하거나 고객사의 수익성이 감소한 경우와 같이 단가인하 압력이 높아지는 상황에서만 협력사 이익의 하향조정 성향이 관찰되었다. 이는 협력사의 이익의 하향조정 성향이 상시적인 회계선택이 아니라 단가인하 압력을 완화하기 위한 회계선택임을 시사한다. 그밖에도 협력사의 협상력이 상대적으로 낮은 경우에만 협력사 이익의 하향조정 성향이 관찰되어, 고객사의 단가인하 요구를 수용할 수밖에 없는 협력사에게서 이익의 하향조정 성향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 검증결과는 협력사가 고객사를 다변화 하는 등 대기업과의 불평등한 협상관계를 개선하려는 노력이 회계에도 영향력을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 또한 이익조정이 특정한 상황에서만 발생하는 것이 아니라 상시적인 계약관계에서도 관찰될 수 있으며 고객사-협력사의 계약환경에 따라 차별적으로 그 유인이 달라짐을 보여준다는 점에서 공헌점이 있다고 할 수 있다.
-
Religion and Financial Development and Structure
Frederick Dongchuhl Oh,Donglim Shin 한국재무학회 2019 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.05
This study examines whether religion influences the financial development and structure of a country. In a sample of 46 countries between 1996 and 2015, we find that religiosity fosters financial development and a market-based financial structure, whereas religious hierarchy and moderate religious heterogeneity induce financial underdevelopment and a bank-based structure. Furthermore, these religious effects are more pronounced for countries with a weaker contractual environment, supporting the ameliorating role of social trust in a contractual environment. Overall, our study provides the first evidence that religion has a crucial impact on financial development and structure by affecting social trust. (JEL G10, G21, O16, Z12)
-
The Effect of Customer-Subcontractor Relationship on Subcontractors’ Accounting Choices
허진숙 한국국제회계학회 2022 국제회계연구 Vol.- No.101
[Purpose]This study analyzes the effect of the customer-subcontractor relationship on the subcontractor’s accounting choice. Subcontractors want to maintain a continuous relationship with large customers. For subcontractors, relationships with large customer create two conflicting incentives. Since large customers want stable supply partner that can observe delivery due date and quality, subcontractor have an incentive to report stable performance. On the other hand, if profits are excessive, pressure to lower unit prices may increase from large customers, so there is also an incentive to report earning to a low level. In this paper, we analyze whether subcontractors have a high incentive to report stable earning or a high incentive to report low earning. [Methodology]This study used earning smoothing to measure incentives to report stable earning levels of subcontractors, and discretionary accruals were used to measure incentives to report low earnings. Using data from 2004 to 2014, it was analyzed whether there was a significant difference in earning smoothing and earning downward adjustment using discretionary accruals by comparing companies that are large customers’ subcontractors and those that do not. [Findings]As a result of test, it was found that subcontractors chose earning downward adjustment rather than earning smoothing. This can be interpreted as reflecting the subcontractors’ accounting choice tendency to avoid pressure to lower unit prices due to excessive earning rather than incentives to maintain a continuous relationship with large customers by reporting stable earnings. [Implications]This study has several contribution in that it revealed that the transactional relationship is a factor that can affect the subcontractors’ accounting choices. It also showed that the transactional relationship is another governance structure that can affect the decision-making of subcontractors without an equity relationship. Finally, previous studies on the earning downward adjustment studied this behavior in specific circumstances, but this study showed that earning downward adjustment may occur even in continuous transaction relationships.
KCI연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
