Understanding Constraints While Choosing Korean Food

Lee, Hee-jung,Phillips, Ryan Wesley 한국문화산업학회 2014 문화산업연구 Vol.14 No.1

The study of constraints in the leisure context has been a popular research theme during the last few decades. This article focuss on participants’ constraints that inhibit an experience of Korean food from Westerners’ perspective. The purpose of this study is to identify significant types of constraints existing among foreigners travelling in Korea. Data was collected from Westerners who have been in Korea as both tourists and longer term stays. This study identified the seven dimensions of Korean food constraints that should be considered important in understanding Korean food constraints. With utilizing the 3-dimension hierarchial constraints (structural (time, money, information), intra-personal and interpersonal), this study identified seven dimensions that can be applied in understanding Korean food constraints from Westerners’ perspectives. This study also showed that the ‘facility constraints’ and the ‘time constraints’ significantly influence respondents’ future intention to experience Korean food. The result of this study is expected to provide Korean marketers with important information regarding constraints to trying Korean food from a Westerner"s perspectives. By focusing on foreigners’ view point, this study provides unique information, as this point has rarely been studied through prior research in the South Korea culinary market. The study of constraints in the leisure context has been a popular research theme during the last few decades. This article focuss on participants’ constraints that inhibit an experience of Korean food from Westerners’ perspective. The purpose of this study is to identify significant types of constraints existing among foreigners travelling in Korea. Data was collected from Westerners who have been in Korea as both tourists and longer term stays. This study identified the seven dimensions of Korean food constraints that should be considered important in understanding Korean food constraints. With utilizing the 3-dimension hierarchial constraints (structural (time, money, information), intra-personal and interpersonal), this study identified seven dimensions that can be applied in understanding Korean food constraints from Westerners’ perspectives. This study also showed that the ‘facility constraints’ and the ‘time constraints’ significantly influence respondents’ future intention to experience Korean food. The result of this study is expected to provide Korean marketers with important information regarding constraints to trying Korean food from a Westerner"s perspectives. By focusing on foreigners’ view point, this study provides unique information, as this point has rarely been studied through prior research in the South Korea culinary market.

여행 제약이 여행 만족에 미치는 영향과 교육적 의미

안현영,김수미 동북아관광학회 2020 동북아관광연구 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is to theoretically examine the meaning and importance of travel perceived by university students and to identify factors that restrict travel to revitalize travel. In addition, the influence of travel constraints on travel satisfaction was empirically analyzed, and the results of the study are as follows. First, among the travel constraints perceived by university students, the internal constraints had a negative effect on travel satisfaction. Second, the effect of interpersonal constraints on travel satisfaction was not verified. Third, the effect of structural constraints on travel satisfaction among travel constraints was analyzed to have a negative effect. Fourth, the internal constraints of travel constraints had a greater negative effect than the structural constraints. Travel is a very important factor in career development and personality development of university students(Lee, 2013; Byun, 2015; Yoon, 2017), and it is necessary to eliminate travel constraints in order to expand travel opportunities.,In particular, it is necessary to reduce the internal constraints through establishing the values of travel, to encourage travel in the low season, and to reduce the structural constraints through the operation of various university discount systems. 본 연구는 대학생이 인식하는 여행의 의미와 중요성을 이론적으로 고찰하고, 여행의활성화를 위하여 여행을 제약하는 요인을 파악하였다. 또한 여행 제약 요인 중에서 여행 만족에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생이 인식한 여행 제약 요인 중에서 내적 제약 요인은 여행 만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 여행 제약 요인 중에서 대인적 제약 요인이 여행 만족에 미치는 영향은 검증되지 않았다. 셋째, 여행 제약 요인 중에서 구조적 제약 요인이 여행 만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 여행제약 요인 중에서 내적 제약 요인이 구조적 제약 요인보다 더 큰 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 여행은 대학생의 경력개발과 인성 개발에서 매우 중요한 요소이며(이일행, 2013; 변찬복, 2015; 윤성필, 2017), 여행의 기회를 확대하고자 여행 제약을 제거하는 것이필요하다. 특히 여행에 대한 가치관 확립을 통해서 내적 제약을 줄이고 비수기의 여행장려와 다양한 대학생 할인제도의 운영을 통한 구조적 제약을 줄이는 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

여가활동참여에 있어서 제약유형의 위계적 과정에 관한 연구

김유일,강석희 한국조경학회 2000 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

Leisure constraints mean the factor to constrain individual's leisure activity. Leisure constraints are composed of interpersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints and structural constraints. The purposes of this study are to show that intrapersonal leisure constraints have a strong effect on leisure preference, and leisure constraints are sequential and hierachical process. Intrapersonal constraints effect on leisure constraints in first step. And then interpersonal constraints and structural constraints effect on leisure participation. Those three leisure constraints are all linked together and come out step by step. Regarding adults as a population, who are more than 20-year-old and live in Seoul, 9 dongs were chose after dividing into upper and lower classes according to the value of their residence. The questionnaire consists of 4 parts: intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, structural constraints, and demographic characteristics. Results of this paper is that people who have strong intrapersonal constraints normally have problems caused from social structure. Intrapersonal constraints and structural constrains come out not seperately but together. Then, it can be said that structural constraints have an influence over intrapersonal constraints. So, it's necessary to solve structural problems to increase preferences and participations of them.

인문·사회과학편 : 여가활동 비참가자의 여가제약 유형과 여가제약 협상전략

이문진(MunJinLee),황선환(SunHwanHwang) 한국체육학회 2012 한국체육학회지 Vol.51 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 여가활동에 참가하고 있지 않은 사람이나 소극적인 여가활동에만 참가하고 있는 참가자의 여가제약 요인을 파악하여 이를 유형화하고, 유형별로 어떠한 여가제약극복전략을 사용하는가를 규명하는데 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 여가활동 비참가자를 조작적으로 정의하고 서울 경기지역 거주 20세 이상 성인 남녀를 대상으로 211명을 목적표집을 실시하였다. 여가활동 비참가자의 여가제약요인을 도출하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였으며, 여가제약 유형을 분류하기 위하여 K-평균 군집분석을 실시하였다. 여가제약유형별 여가제약협상전략의 차이를 분석하기위해 일원 변량분석을 실시하였으며, 이를 통해 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 여가활동 비참가자의 여가제약은 시설, 여건, 가치인식, 동료, 부담, 가족의 6개 요인으로 도출되었으며, 여건 요인과 시설 요인이 다른 요인에 비해 높은 제약요인으로 작용하고 있다. 둘째, 여가제약 유형은 고제약, 저제약, 시설제약, 여건제약, 시설·여건제약의 5개로 분류되었다. 셋째, 여가제약 유형 별 여가협상전략은 전체평균에서 차이가 나타났으며, 구체적으로는 여가활동비 마련 및 시간관리 노력 요인과 여가활동 기술 습득 노력 요인에서 차이가 나타났다. The objectives of this study were to analyse and categorize the leisure constraints of people who passively participate in leisure activities and to identify recreation constraints negotiation strategies according to each constraints. To achieve the purposes, 211 adults living in Seoul or Kyungki province who were non-participants in leisure activities were selected using purposeful sampling method. EFA and CFA were conducted to reveal the leisure constraints and K-mean cluster analysis was used to group the leisure constraints. One-way ANOVA was utilized to investigate leisure constraints negotiation strategies based on leisure constraints clusters. Firstly, according to these analyses, leisure constraints' sub-dimensions for the respondents were named as facility, condition, value awareness, company, burden, and family, among which condition factor and facility factor were relatively higher leisure constraints factor than the others. Secondly, the leisure constraints categorizations were high-constraints type, low-constraints type, facility constraints type, condition constraints type, and facility-condition constraints type. Finally, there were differences in leisure constraints negotiation strategy such as funding-time managing factor and effort to acquire leisure skills factor based on types of leisure constraints types.

장애인 생활체육 탁구동호인들의 운동 참여제약에 대한 질적 분석

백혜경(Hye Kyung Beak),양명환(Myung Hwan Yang) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2014 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.38 No.4

The purpose of this study was to identify various barriers or constraints associated with sport participationamong disabled people who try to overcome physical disability by doing table tennis. The participants were110 physically disabled people who participated in the 16th the Korea Disabled People Table TennisAssociations Cup National Table Tennis Championship be held Ulsan in 2013. Table tennis club membersanswered an open question asking them for their source of constraints during table tennis exercise. In-depthunstructured interview with seven people with disabilities for increase internal validity. Results of inductivecontent analysis on 164 raw data obtained from open-ended questionnaire were identified 15 sub categories,10 general categories and intrapersonal, structural and interpersonal constraints themes. Intrapersonalconstraints that is occupied most highest percentage among major themes were identified as economicconstraints, physical constraints, time constraints and personal constraints. Structural constraints in secondhighest percentage included facility and environmental constraints, accessibility constraints, coach constraintsand institutional constraints. Finally, interpersonal constraints included interpersonal constraints, negativeprejudice. The most important factor in general categories identified facility and environmental constraints,followed by economic constraints, physical constraints. The data suggested that sports participation constraints was not affected by one specific cause but was affected by a multifactorial set of constraints.

Study on the Negotiation of Leisure Constraints by Actresses

( Jee Hoon Han ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: This study looks into ways actresses design negotiation strategies to overcome various leisure constraints. Method: In order to conduct an exploratory study, a qualitative research method was used and in-depth interviews served as the main means of data collection. Further data were collected through various media such as newspapers, magazines and so on. Data were confirmed or collected via phone or e-mail, when needed in the interview analysis process or when extra information was needed. Korean actresses with over 10 years of work experience as a lead or supporting role were chosen as the study participants. Snowball Sampling (Chul Won Lee, 2004) was used to collect study participants; the sample group was first formed through personal acquaintances and then individuals appropriate for the study were gradually introduced. In-depth interviews were carried out one-to-one with 6 participants for over an hour, and each participant was interviewed at least 2 times. Prior to the interview, the research topic and method was explained to the study participants, and participants agreed to participate in the study and also gave their consent to the recording of the interview. The first interview focused on understanding the various variables of leisure constraints that the participants face, and the second interview looked into ways on how they overcome leisure constraints. A phenomenological analysis method was used for data analysis, following the completion of in-depth interviews. Result: Leisure constraints included internal constraints, interpersonal constraints and structural constraints. Internal constraints included variables such as an irregular lifestyle, lack of sleep and lack of stamina, while interpersonal constraints included other people`s attitudes and leisure time differences with partners. Structural constraints included limited time or space. In order to overcome leisure constraints, actresses used leisure negotiation strategies such as finding a leisure partner, exercising, going on a trip or enjoying their time alone after completing their schedule. Conclusion: Actresses use leisure negotiation strategies that focus on overcoming leisure constraints, and their leisure participation occurs when taking a rest after a busy schedule. This study suggests that there needs to be a systematic establishment of leisure programs at broadcasting stations and entertainment companies so that actresses and celebrities can enjoy their leisure time through their personal efforts and through these programs.

생태적 제한에서 상관적 구성으로

최종덕 한국과학철학회 2010 과학철학 Vol.13 No.1

This paper is described on the concept of developmental constraints which is the meeting point of evolutionary biology and developmental biology. I would moreover find the ontological status of developmental system through the concept of constraints. I will show that the concept of constraints could be associated with the concept of natural selection and that the phenotypic traits selected by the umbrella of physical law is sustained in a developmental homeostasis. I suggest however that the developmental homeostasis is introrelated with its environments. I will call the homeostasis impacted by environments a “ecological constraint”. It is important that I distinguish the ecological constraints from the physical constraints or morphological constraints. I will show how a correct understanding of the ecological constraint can resolve the some philosophical issues about the notion of correlational construction. These philosophical issues implies (i) that the meaning of ecological constraints includes not only the correlatedness in space, but also the causal succession in time and (ii) that the correlational construction shows ontological equality of species. 이 논문은 진화생물학과 발생생물학이 만나는 지점인 발생학적 제한 개념을 다룬다. 제한 개념을 통해 발생계의 존재론적 위상을 질문한다. 우선 제한 개념이 기존의 자연선택 개념과 연합가능함을 제시한다. 물리법칙에 순응하여 선택된 형질의 기초가 바로 발생론적 구조임을 밝힌다. 여기서 진화론은 발생학과 만난다. 발생생물학에서는 적응의 진화론적 한계를 제한(constraints)이라고 부른다. 발생진화생물학은 선택의 물리적 제한 및 생태적 상보성을 고려한 확장된 진화론이다. 필자는 기존의 제한 개념인 물리적 제한(physical constraints)과 형태학적 제한(morphological constraints)을 설명하고, 나아가 새로운 생태적 제한(ecological constraints) 개념을 제시한다. 생태적 제한 개념은 기존의 제한과 달리 시간적 인과적 계기와 공간적 상보성을 포함한다는 논지를 통하여 발생학적 구성의 의미를 도출한다. 발생학의 상관적 구성력은 생명종의 존재론적 동등성을 보여준다. 그리고 상관적 구성력은 종 의존적이기는 하지만 종 불변적이 아니라는 명제를 전개한다.

중국 광장무 활동의 참여제약과 제약협상전략의 관계

황국원(Huang, Guoyuan),용승(Long, Cheng),이병찬(Lee, Byung-Chan) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between leisure participation constraints and leisure constraints negotiation strategies of square dance activities. To achieve this purpose, a total of 565 participants were recruited at square dance participants in Sichuan Province in China. SPSS 24.0 program was utilized to analyze the data. Results are as follows. participation constraint of square dance participants on the companion exploration strategy, which is a subfactor of the leisure participation negotiation strategy, showed negative(-) influence relationship with the sub-variable of the leisure constraints negotiation strategy, and no significant relationship with structural constraints. Validation of the relationship between leisure constraints and cost-making strategies confirmed that personal constraints were negative, and interpersonal constraints were significant. There was no relationship to structural constraints. The relationship between leisure constraints and time management strategies has been shown that personal constraints are derived to have negative and interpersonal constraints to have positive and structural constraints did not have an effect. Relationship between leisure constraints and skill acquisition strategies, interpersonal constraints have resulted in negative effects and no relationship between personal and structural constraints has been identified.

The Effect of TOURISM CONSTRAINTS on the Tourism Related Satisfaction in a Pandemic Situation

Soonja Lee,Moonjoo Kim J-INSTITUTE 2021 Regulations Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: This study examines the factors of tourism constraints which influence the tourism industry, discover the factors which can increase the tourism related satisfaction by articulating the effects of tourism constraints on the tourism related satisfaction, and utilize them for developing and marketing the tourism resources and tourism products required for the growth of the sustainable tourism industry. Method: In order to achieve the purpose of this study as such, the factors were derived through the factor analysis, and the multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the tourism constraints and the tourism related satisfaction, and the following conclusions were arrived. Results: First, as a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it turned out that health and cleanliness (sanitation) were the variables which have had the largest influence on the tourism constraints, followed by safety, climate and weather. That is, it may be said that securing and guaranteeing health, hygiene, and safety would determine the success of being a tourist destination. Hence, as for the tourism revitalization and the sustainable development in the aftermath of the pandemic, thorough preparations for infectious diseases which may occur again, hygiene and cleanliness of tourist destinations, and the environment for achieving political and economic stability and safety are required alongside the measures for achieving them. Second, based on the analysis of the causal relationship between the tourism constraints and the tourism related satisfaction, tourist destination related environmental constraints, internal constraints, and economic and environmental constraints influence the tourism related satisfaction in a positive direction, and the information and health constraints have a negative effect on the tourism related satisfaction, while the information and health constraints turned out to have a negative effect on the tourism related satisfaction. Conclusion: That is, it means that the satisfaction following tourism increases in the case of overcoming tourism environment, internal and economic and environmental constraints, and the tourism related satisfaction would decrease if there are information and health constraints. Hence, when planning and developing the tourism products after the pandemic, it is necessary to investigate and examine as to whether the tourist destination can respond to and treat infectious diseases, possibility of the occurrence of abnormal climates such as El Niño, and countermeasures, etc.

학교스포츠클럽 활동 활성화를 위한 참가제약 관계요인의 인식 및 영향관계 분석

전정선(Jeon Jeong-Seon),윤양진(Yoon Yang-Jin) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

This study was conducted on students participating in school sports clubs and aimed to provide basic data for an attempt seeking ways to keep the activities of school sports clubs going, identifying students’ perceptions of participation constraints, negotiation strategies on participation constraints and continuous participation intention and their impact relations. 395 of teenagers who take part in school sports clubs in Ulsan were selected and in order to identify their perceptions of participation constraints, negotiation strategies on participation constraints and continuous participation intention and their relations, description, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, Duncan post-hoc test and multiple regression analysis were carried out, which led to the conclusion as follows. First, the results have shown that high school girls who have been participating in leisure activities for less than a year realized great participation constraints and middle school boys who have been taking part in competitive activities for more than a year perceived high levels of negotiation strategies on participation constraints and continuous participation intention. Second, every factor of participation constraints significantly has negative effects on continuous participation intention and constraints of consciousness of surroundings and time and financial constraints negatively affect negotiation strategies on participation constraints. Meanwhile, negotiation strategies such as exploring partners, skill acquisition, changing desires and controlling a level of intensity significantly have positive effects on continuous participation intention. In other words, the high level of perception of participation constraints found in students taking part in school sports clubs negatively affects continuous participation intention and the high level perception of negotiation strategies to overcome participation constraints has positive effects on continuous participation intention. Third, it has been shown that negotiation strategies on participation constraints perform a role to relax participation constraints between participation constraints and continuous participation intention.