Prognostic significance of neutropenia during adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy in early cervical cancer

김윤환,정현훈,김재원,박노현,강순범,송용상 대한부인종양학회 2009 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.20 No.3

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy-induced neutropenia with survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Methods: Data from 107 patients with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up was 37.5 (4.2-72.7) months. All patients had received radical surgery, including pelvic lymphadenectomy, followed by paclitaxel plus carboplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Relative neutropenia, defined as an absolute neutrophil count <1,000/㎣ at the concurrent chemoradiotherapy cycle nadir, correlated to the pathologic findings and survival outcomes. Results: Sixty-six patients experienced neutropenia at least once during concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and demonstrated marginal improvement in disease-free survival (p=0.055), although not in overall survival. By subgroup analyses, the gain of disease free survival mainly originated from the node metastasis subgroup (p=0.033). Treatment-induced neutropenia proved to be the only significant independent factor for recurrence in cervical cancer (p=0.042) by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy-induced neutropenia may be a prognostic factor of recurrence in patients with cervical cancer. Individualized dose titration of the tolerable myelosuppression might be beneficial. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy-induced neutropenia with survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Methods: Data from 107 patients with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up was 37.5 (4.2-72.7) months. All patients had received radical surgery, including pelvic lymphadenectomy, followed by paclitaxel plus carboplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Relative neutropenia, defined as an absolute neutrophil count <1,000/㎣ at the concurrent chemoradiotherapy cycle nadir, correlated to the pathologic findings and survival outcomes. Results: Sixty-six patients experienced neutropenia at least once during concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and demonstrated marginal improvement in disease-free survival (p=0.055), although not in overall survival. By subgroup analyses, the gain of disease free survival mainly originated from the node metastasis subgroup (p=0.033). Treatment-induced neutropenia proved to be the only significant independent factor for recurrence in cervical cancer (p=0.042) by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy-induced neutropenia may be a prognostic factor of recurrence in patients with cervical cancer. Individualized dose titration of the tolerable myelosuppression might be beneficial.

식도암의 화학방사선요법

박무인 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2019 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.19 No.3

Esophageal cancer is a highly lethal malignancy. Squamous cell cancer (SCC) and adenocarcinoma are two major histologic types of esophageal cancer. The therapeutic approaches for both histologic types tend to be similar. Endoscopic therapy is considered in patients with Tis and T1a, and surgery alone is recommended in patients with T1N0 esophageal SCC or adenocarcinoma. Definitive chemoradiotherapy is a reasonable option for patients unable to withstand surgery. Esophagectomy is considered as the initial treatment for patients with clinical T2N0 esophageal SCC and those with adenocarcinoma with low lymph node metastasis risk. Combined modality therapy is recommended for patients with T3N0, T4aN0, and clinically node-positive thoracic esophageal cancer, regardless of histology. Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the most appropriate treatment approach for patients with esophageal SCC who are not surgical candidates. Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy is also considered for esophageal SCC patients who are potential surgical candidates with an endoscopically documented complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. For chemoradiotherapy non-responders, surgery is recommended for those who remain operable after chemoradiotherapy. Esophagectomy is also recommended for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy is preferred over surgery in patients with cervical esophageal cancer because its survival rate is similar to that of surgery and major morbidity can be avoided. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy rather than radiation therapy alone is recommended for patients who can tolerate this approach for non-metastatic, inoperable, or unresectable esophageal SCC or adenocarcinoma.

하부 직장암의 수술 전 화학방사선요법 결과

윤형근(Hyong Geun Yun) 대한방사선종양학회 2006 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.24 No.1

목 적: 항문에서 5 cm 이내에 위치한 하부 직장암 환자들에서 항문 괄약근 보존율, 병기 강하율 등 수술 전 화학방사선요법의 효과를 분석하고자 하였으며 수술 전 화학방사선요법 시행 후에 수술을 받지 않은 환자의 예후도 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 원격전이가 없는 직장암으로 진단 받고 1995년 1월 1일부터 2004년 9월 30일 사이에 단국대학교병원 방사선종양학과에서 수술 전 화학방사선요법을 시행 받은 환자 37명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 환자들은 종양이 하부 직장에 위치하여 수술시 항문 괄약근 보존이 어려울 것으로 판단되었다. 대상 환자들은 방사선치료 전에 병기결정을 위한 검사들을 시행하였고 50.4 Gy/28회의 수술 전 화학방사선요법을 시행한 후 약 1개월에 조직검사를 포함한 병기결정을 위한 검사들을 다시 시행하였다. 수술은 25명의 환자에서 수술 전 화학방사선요법 종료 후 약 6주경에 시행하였다. 증상이 호전된 후에 수술을 거부한 12명은 주의깊게 경과관찰을 하였다. 결 과: 병기 재평가 검사 소견 및 수술 후 병리소견을 종합할 때 전체 37명 중 T병기가 강하된 경우는 21명(56.8%), N병기가 강하된 경우는 12명(32.4%)이었다. 방사선치료 후에 수술이 시도된 환자 25명 중 24명에서병소의 근치적 절제가 이루어졌다. 이 중 11명에서는 복회음부절제술, 7명에서는 하전방절제술, 6명에서는 국소절제술을 시행하였다. 24명 모두에서 절제연 음성의 완전절제가 이루어졌고 절제가 이루어진 환자들의 항문 괄약근 보존율은 13/24 (54.2%)였다. 환자의 거부로 수술을 시행하지 못한 환자 12명 중 6명은 임상적으로 완전관해의 소견이었고 조직검사에서도 암세포가 없었던 환자들이었는데 그 중 4명이 30개월 이상, 1명이 12개월 이상 무병상태로 경과 관찰되고 있으며 1명만 7개월 만에 국소재발이 확인되었다. 반면 부분관해의 소견을 보이고 수술을 거부한 환자 6명 전원은 추적관찰 중 사망하거나 원격전이가 확인되었다. 결 론: 하부 직장암 환자들에서 수술 전 화학방사선요법은 수술 시행환자에서 높은 비율의 괄약근 보존율을 보였다. 하부 직장암에서 임상적으로 완전관해의 소견을 보인 경우도 수술 시행이 원칙이지만 수술을 거부하는 경우는 주의 깊게 경과 관찰을 하여도 좋은 예후를 기대할 수 있음이 시사된다. Purpose: This study explored the anal sphincter-saving rate and down-staging rate after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for treating lower rectal cancer. We also explored the prognosis of the patients who refused surgery after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Thirty seven patients with histologically proven lower rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. In each case, the tumor location was 0 to 5 cm from the anal verge, and curative resection of the cancer with performing a sphincter-saving procedure was not feasible before chemoradiotherapy. In each case, the staging examinations, including biopsy, were done before starting radiotherapy and this was repeated at 1 month after radiation therapy. Results: After chemoradiotherapy, among the 37 included patients, 56.8% and 32.4% were downstaged to the T stage and N stage, respectively, when comparing the postradiotherapy stage with pre-radiotherapy stage. Twenty five patients underwent complete resection of cancer at 6 weeks after radiotherapy: eleven, eight and six patients underwent abdominoperineal resection, low anterior resection and local excision, respectively. The sphincter-saving rate among the 24 completely resected cases was 54.2%. Twelve patients refused surgery after radiotherapy. Among 6 patients who refused surgery with biopsy-proven complete remission after chemoradiotherapy, 5 patients were alive without disease at a median follow up period of 31 months, and only 1 patient had local failure. Conclusion: For lower rectal cancer, a high sphincter-saving rate was accomplished with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The prognosis of the patients who refused surgery with biopsy proven complete remission after chemoradiotherapy was good and these patients need to be kept under close surveillance.

Impact of adjuvant hysterectomy on prognosis in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a meta-analysis

심승혁,김수녕,채수현,김정은,이선주 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.2

Objective: Few data exist regarding adjuvant hysterectomy (AH) in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. We investigated the effect of AH on prognosis in LACC patients, through meta-analysis. Methods: EMBASE and MEDLINE databases and the Cochrane Library were searched for published studies comparing LACC patients who received AH after chemoradiotherapy with those who did not, through April 2016. Endpoints were mortality and recurrence rates. For pooled estimates of the effect of AH on mortality/recurrence, random- or fixed-effects meta-analytical models were used. Results: Two randomized trials and six observational studies (AH following chemoradiotherapy, 630 patients; chemoradiotherapy, 585 patients) met our search criteria. Fixed-effects model-based meta-analysis indicated no significant difference in mortality between the groups (odds ratio [OR]=1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.58–1.78; p=0.968) with low cross-study heterogeneity (p=0.73 and I2=0.0). This pattern was observed in subgroup analysis for study design, radiation type, response after chemoradiotherapy, and hysterectomy type. The pooled OR for AH and recurrence was 0.59 (95% CI=0.44–0.79; p<0.05) with low cross-study heterogeneity (p=0.29 and I2=17.8), favoring the AH group. However, this pattern was not observed in the subgroup analysis for the randomized trials. There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, AH following chemoradiotherapy did not improve survival in patients with LACC, although it seemed to reduce the risk of recurrence. Concerning the significant morbidity of AH after chemoradiotherapy, routine use of AH should be avoided.

직장암의 수술 전 동시적 항암화학방사선치료 결과

윤미선(Mee Sun Yoon),남택근(Taek-Keun Nam),김형록(Hyeong-Rok Kim),나병식(Byung-Sik Nah),정웅기(Woong-Ki Chung),김영진(Young-Jin Kim),안성자(Sung-Ja Ahn),송주영(Ju-Young Song),정재욱(Jae-Uk Jeong) 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate anal sphincter preservation rates, survival rates, and prognostic factors in patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty patients with pathologic confirmed rectal cancer and treated by preoperative chemoradiotherapy between January 1999 and June 2007. Of the 150 patients, the 82 who completed the scheduled chemoradiotherapy, received definitive surgery at our hospital, and did not have distant metastasis upon initial diagnosis were enrolled in this study. The radiation dose delivered to the whole pelvis ranged from 41.4 to 46.0 Gy (median 44.0 Gy) using daily fractions of 1.8∼2.0 Gy at 5 days per week and a boost dose to the primary tumor and high risk area up to a total of 43.2∼54 Gy (median 50.4 Gy). Sixty patients (80.5%) received 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and cisplatin, while 16 patients (19.5%) were administered 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin every 4 weeks concurrently during radiotherapy. Surgery was performed for 3 to 45 weeks (median 7 weeks) after completion of chemoradiotherapy. Results: The sphincter preservation rates for all patients were 73.2% (60/82). Of the 48 patients whose tumor was located at less than 5 cm away from the anal verge, 31 (64.6%) underwent sphincter-saving surgery. Moreover, of the 34 patients whose tumor was located at greater than or equal to 5 cm away from the anal verge, 29 (85.3%) were able to preserve their anal sphincter. A pathologic complete response was achieved in 14.6% (12/82) of all patients. The downstaging rates were 42.7% (35/82) for the T stage, 75.5% (37/49) for the N stage, and 67.1% (55/82) for the overall stages. The median follow-up period was 38 months (range 11 ∼107 months). The overall 5-year survival, disease-free survival, and locoregional control rates were 67.4%, 58.9% and 84.4%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates based on the pathologic stage were 100% for stage 0 (n=12), 59.1 % for stage I (n=16), 78.6% for stage II (n=30), 36.9% for stage III (n=23), and one patient with pathologic stage IV was alive for 43 months (p=0.02). The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 77.8% for stage 0, 63.6 % for stage I, 58.9% for stage II, 51.1% for stage III, and 0% for stage IV (p<0.001). The 5-year locoregional control rates were 88.9% for stage 0, 93.8% for stage I, 91.1% for stage II, 68.2% for stage III, and one patient with pathologic stage IV was alive without local recurrence (p=0.01). The results of a multivariate analysis with age (≤55 vs. >55), clinical stage (I+II vs. III), radiotherapy to surgery interval (≤6 weeks vs. >6 weeks), operation type (sphincter preservation vs. no preservation), pathologic T stage, pathologic N stage, pathologic overall stage (0 vs. I+II vs. III+IV), and pathologic response (complete vs. non-CR), only age and pathologic N stage were significant predictors of overall survival, pathologic overall stage for disease-free survival, and pathologic N stage for locoregional control rates, respectively. Recurrence was observed in 25 patients (local recurrence in 10 patients, distant metastasis in 13 patients, and both in 2 patients). Acute hematologic toxicity (≥grade 3) during chemoradiotherapy was observed in 2 patients, while skin toxicity was observed in 1 patient. Complications developing within 60 days after surgery and required admission or surgical intervention, were observed in 11 patients: anastomotic leakage in 5 patients, pelvic abscess in 2 patients, and others in 4 patients. Conclusion: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy was an effective modality to achieve downstaging and sphincterpreservation in rectal cancer cases with a relatively low toxicity. Pathologic N stage was a atistically significant prognostic factor for survival and locoregional control and so, more intensified postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered in these patients. 목 적: 직장암에서 수술 전 동시적 항암화학방사선요법을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 항문 괄약근 보존율, 생존율, 예 후인자 등을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 1월부터 2007년 6월까지 직장암 환자로 진단되어 수술 전 동시적 항암화학방사선요법을 시행한 환자는 모두 150명이었다. 이 중 진단시 원격전이가 없고 재발암이 아니며 본원에서 근치적 수술을 받은 환자 중 계획된 방사선치료를 완료한 총 82명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 방사선치료는 일일 1.8∼2 Gy씩, 주 5회 41.4∼46 Gy (중앙값 44 Gy)를 전 골반에 조사한 후 원발부위 및 고위험 부위에 총 방사선량이 43.2 Gy∼54 Gy(중앙값 50.4 Gy)까지 추가 조사하였다. 항암화학요법은 66명(80.5%)에서 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin, cisplatin을 정주하였고, 16명(19.5%)에서는 5-FU와 leucovorin만을 정주하여 방사선치료 기간 동안 4주 간격으로 2회 시행되었다. 수술은 동시적 항암화학방사선치료 종료 후 3∼45주(중앙값 7주)가 경과되어 시행되었다. 수술 후 유지 항암화학요법은 총 38명(47.6%)에서 시행되었다. 결 과: 전체 환자의 항문 괄약근 보존율은 73.2%(60명)이었다. 이 중 종양의 최하 위치가 항문연으로부터 5 cm 미만인 환자 48명중 31명(64.6%)에서, 5 cm 이상인 환자 34명 중 29명(85.3%)에서 항문 괄약근을 보존할 수 있었다. 수술 후 병리적 완전관해율은 14.6% (12/82)였다. 전체 환자의 T병기 하강률은 42.7% (35/82)였고, N 병기 하강률은 75.5% (37/49)였으며, 전체 병기 감소율은 67.1% (55/82)였다. 전체 환자의 추적 관찰 기간은 11∼107개월로 중앙값은 38개월이었다. 전체 환자의 5년 생존율, 무병생존율 및 국소종양제어율은 각각 67.4%, 58.9%,84.4%였다. 수술 후 병기별 5년 생존율은 0 (n=12), I (n=16), II (n=30), III (n=23)기에서 각각 100%, 59.1%,78.6%, 36.9%이었고 IV 병기 1예는 43개월 현재 생존 중이다(p=0.02). 병기별 5년 무병생존율은 0, I, II, III, IV 기에서 각각 77.8%, 63.6%, 58.9%, 51.1%, 0%였다(p<0.001). 병기별 5년 국소종양제어율은 0, I, II, III기 에서 각각 88.9%, 93.8%, 91.1%, 68.2%였고 IV 병기 1예는 43개월 현재 국소재발 없이 생존 중이다(p=0.01). 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자를 분석하기 위하여 연령(≤55세 vs. >55세), 임상적 병기(I+II vs, III), 방사선치료 종료 후 수술까지의 경과기간(≤6주 vs. >6주), 수술방법 (항문괄약근보존술 vs. 비보존술), 병리학적 T병기, 병리학적 N 병기, 병리학적 전체병기(0 vs. I+II vs. III+IV), 병리학적 완전관해여부 등 총 8개의 다변량 분석상, 연령과 병리 학적 N병기는 전체 생존율에, 병리학적 전체 병기는 무병생존율에, 병리학적 N병기는 국소종양제어율에 각각 유의하였다. 전체 환자 중 재발한 환자는 모두 25명으로 국소재발 10명, 원격전이 13명, 국소 및 원격전이가 동시에 있던 환자 2명이었다. 항암화학 방사선치료 중 등급 3 이상의 혈액학적 독성은 백혈구 감소가 2명이었고, 등급 3의 피부반응이 1명이었다. 수술 후 60일 이내의 입원을 요할 정도의 합병증으로는 총 11명으로 문합부 누출 5명, 골반부 농양이 2명, 그외 4명 등이었다. 결 론: 직장암에서 수술 전 동시적 항암화학방사선요법으로 병기 하강 및 항문 괄약근 보존에 유용한 결과를 얻었고, 수술 전 항암화학방사선요법으로 인한 독성은 미미하였다. 병리학적 N병기가 생존율과 국소종양제어율에 유의한 예후 인자로 나타나 이들에 대한 수술 후 보조적 요법이 더욱 강화될 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

Long-term bowel functional outcomes following anal sphincter-preserving surgery for upper and middle rectal cancer: a single-center longitudinal study

Sakr Ahmad,양승윤,조민수,Hur Hyuk,Min Byung Soh,Lee Kang Young,김남규 대한대장항문학회 2024 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.40 No.1

Purpose: Despite advances in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and anal sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer, bowel dysfunction is still unavoidable and negatively affects patients’ quality of life. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to investigate the changes in bowel function with follow-up time and the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on bowel function following low anterior resection for rectal cancer.Methods: In this study, 171 patients with upper or middle rectal cancer who underwent low anterior resection between 2012 and 2018 were included. Bowel function was assessed longitudinally with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Bowel Function Instrument and Wexner scores every 6 months after restoration of bowel continuity. Patients with at least 2 follow-up visits were included.Results: Overall, 100 patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Urgency, soilage, and fecal incontinence were noted within 24 months in the patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After 2 years of follow-up, significant bowel dysfunction and fecal incontinence were observed in the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group. Low tumor level and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were associated with delayed bowel dysfunction.Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in combination with low tumor level was significantly associated with delayed bowel dysfunction even after 2 years of follow-up. Therefore, careful selection and discussion with patients are paramount.

직장암의 근치적 절제술후 보조요법의 효과 분석 : 방사선치료 단독군과 항암제 방사선 병용치료군의 비교

임지훈(Jihoon Lim),박원(Won Park),성진실(Jinsil Seong),서창옥(Chang Ok Suh),김귀언(Gwi Eon Kim),민진식(Jin Sik Min),김병수(Byung Soo Kim),노재경(Jae Kyung Roh),정현철(Hyun Cheol Chung),김주영(Jooyoung Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1998 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.16 No.1

배 경 : 직장암에서 근치적 절제술을 시행한 후에 병리소견상 장막을 침범하였거나 임파절 전이가 있는 경우에 수술 후 방사선 치료와 항암화학요법을 시행하는 것이 국소재발을 억제하고 생존율을 높일 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 연세암센타에서도 수술 후 국소 진행성 병변이거나 임파절 전이가 있는 경우에 5-FU와 Leucovorin을 방사선 치료와 같이 사용하여 왔으며, 그 치료 결과를 방사선 치료 단독군과 비교 고찰하여 방사선치료와 항암화학요법 병용치료의 효과를 평가해 보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 10월부터 1994년 5월까지 연세암센타에 내원하여 방사선치료를 받았던 142명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였고, 방사선 단독치료군은 69명, 방사선 항암화학요법 병용치료군은 73명이었다. 대상환자를 살펴보면 병기는 방사선 단독치료군과 병용치료군에서 B2가 24예(35.3%)와 24예(32.9%), B3가 2예(2.9%)와 3예(4.1%), C1이 1예(1.5%)와 4예(5.5%), C2가 33예(48.5%)와 36예(49.3%), C3가 8예(11.8%)와 6예(8.2%)로 방사선 단독치료군과 항암제 방사선 병 용치료군의 Modified Astler- Coller 병기는 대등한 분포를 보였다. 수술 후 치료로 방사선 단독치료군은 골반강에 4500cGy를 조사후 원발부위에 540-1600cGy의 축소조사를 시행하여 총 4500-6040cGy를 조사하였고(중앙값 5400cGy), 병용치료군은 수술 후 1-2개월에 5-FU을 단독으로(평균 494.8mg/m2 , 13예) 또는 5-FU와 Leucovorin을 함께(5-FU 393.9mg/m2, Leucovorin 20mg/m2, 60예) 5일씩 4주 간격으로 2차례 시행한 후, 9주째에 방사선 치료를 시작하고 방사선치료 첫 주와 5주의 방사선치료 시작일에 각각 3일간 3차, 4차 항암제를 같은 양으로 병합시행하고, 그 후 4주간격으로 시행하여 총 3-12차례에 걸쳐 항암화학요법을 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 골반강에 4500cGy를 조사 후 축소조사하여 총 4500-5040cGy를 조사하였다(중앙값 5040cGy). 추적관찰기간은 3-81개월로 중앙값이 38개월이었다. 결 과 : 5년 생존율은 방사선 단독치료군과 병용치료군에서 각각 60.1%, 66.3%로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았고(p=0.39), 5년 무병생존율도 각각 54.2%, 65.5%로 병용치료군에서 약간 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 못했다(p=0.18). 원격전이없는 생존율도 55.2%와 68.6%로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.12). 그러나 5년 국소제어생존율은 단독치료군 50.3%, 병용치료군 65.8%로 병용치료군에서 높은것으로 나타났다(p=0.04). 결 론 : 수술 후 국소재발억제와 원격전이를 줄여 무병생존율과 생존율을 높이기 위해 시행한 항암제 방사선 병용치료는 수술후 방사선치료 단독시행한 치료군보다 국소제어율을 높여주는 것을 알 수 있었으나(50.3% vs. 65.8%, p=0.04), 원격전이에는 영향을 주지 못하여 무병생존율이나 생존율에 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였다. Purpose : To investigate the role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in adenocarcinoma of the rectum, we retrospectively compared the treatment results between postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy alone and combined chemoradiotherapy. Material and Methods : From October 1989 to May 1994, 141 patients with rectal carcinoma were treated by postoperative adjuvant therapy in Yonsei Cancer Center. Sixty eight patients were treated by radiation therapy alone. Seventy three patients were treated by combined chemoradiotherapy. Radiation therapy was delivered with 10 MV linear accelerator, 180cGy fraction/5 days per week. Total radiation doses were 5400cGy in the postoperative radiotherapy alone group. Three to twelve cycles of Fluorouracil(mean dose 393.9mg/m2) with Leucovorin(20mg/m2) and 5040cGy of radiation were delivered in the combined chemoradiotherapy group. Third and 4th cycle of chemotherapy were administrated during the radiation treatment in the combined group. The median follow up was 38 months with a range of 3 to 81 months. Results : The 5 year overall survival rate of radiation alone group and combined group were 60.1% and 66.3%, respectively. The 5 year disease free survival rate of radiation alone group and combined group were 54.2% and 65.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference of overall survival and disease free survival between RT alone group and combined group(p< 0.05). But the 5 year Local failure free survival rate of combined group was significantly better than radiotherapy alone group(65.8% vs. 50.3%, p= 0.04). Conclusion : There was no significant difference in overall survival, disease free survival, and distant metastasis free survival between postoperative adjuvant radiotheray alone group and combinded chemoradiotherapy group. Only the Local failure free survival rate was superior in the combined treatment group. These results confirm the radiosensitizing effect of the chemotherapeutic agent in the combined chemoradiotherapy treatment.

Paclitaxel 매주 투여 및 방사선치료 동시요법을 받은 국소진행성 비소세포폐암 환자들의 치료 결과

김수지(Suzy Kim),김성환(Sung Whan Kim),심병용(Byoung Yong Shim),김치홍(Chi Hong Kim),송소향(So Hyang Song),안명임(Meyung Im Ahn),조덕곤(Deog Gon Cho),조규도(Kyu Do Cho),유진영(Jinyoung Yoo),김훈교(Hoon Kyo Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 2006 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.24 No.4

목 적: 국소진행성 비소세포폐암 환자에 대한 매주 paclitaxel 항암화학요법과 방사선치료 동시 요법의 안정성과 효 과를 알아보고 재발 양상 및 생존율을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 10월부터 2004년 9월까지 국소진행성 비소세포폐암으로 진단받고 근치적 목적으로 항암화 학방사선 동시요법을 시행 받은 환자 23명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 일일 1회 1.8 Gy 씩 주5회 분할 조사하여 7∼8주에 걸쳐 총 선량 55.8∼64.8 (median 64.8) Gy를 조사하였다. 항암화학요법은 매주 paclitaxel 50 또는 60 mg/m2 용량으로 방사선치료 1일, 8일, 15일, 22일, 29일 36일째에 투여하였다. 항암화학방사선동시요법을 마친 4주 후부터 paclitaxel 135 mg/m2와 cisplatin 75 mg/m2 용량으로 3주 간격으로 3주기의 공고 항암화학요법을 추가 시행하였다. 결 과: 동시 항암화학방사선요법을 시행받은 23명의 환자 중 3명이 도중에 환자 임의로 치료를 중단하였고 1명이 5,580 cGy까지 방사선치료를 시행 받고 세균성 폐렴으로 사망하였다. 주된 급성 부작용은 방사선 식도염으로 4명(17%)의 환자에서 2도의 식도염이 관찰되었으며 3도 이상의 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 16명의 환자가 추가 공고항암화학요법을 시행 받았으며 공고 항암화학요법 중의 급성 부작용으로 3도 이상의 호중구 감소증이 8명(50%)의 환자에서 관찰되었으며 그중 한 명은 패혈증으로 사망하였다. 동시 항암화학방사선요법을 끝까지 시행 받은 20명의 환자에서 치료에 대한 반응을 조사할 수 있었으며 완전 관해 4명(20%), 부분 관해 14명(70%)으로 전체 관해율은 90%이었다. 관해를 보인 환자들 중 추적 관찰이 가능했던 16명 중 14명에서 재발이 확인되었고 국소 재발이 9명(56%), 국소 재발과 원격 전이가 3명(19%), 원격 전이가 2명(13%)이었다. 동시 항암화학방사선요법을 끝까지 시행받은 환자들에서의 무진행 생존 기간의 중앙값은 9.5개월이었으며, 2년 무진행 생존율은 18%이었다. 재발된 환자중 11명에서 2차(second-line) 또는 3차(third-line) 항암화학요법이 시행되었다. 전체 환자 23명의 중앙 생존 기간은 21개월, 2년 및 5년 생존율은 각각 43%, 33%였다. 다변량 분석을 시행했을 때 환자의 나이, 수행 능력, 종양의 크기는 무진행 생존율에 영향을 주는 유의한 예후 인자로 나타났다. 결 론: 국소진행성 비소세포폐암 환자에서 paclitaxel 매주 투여 항암화학요법과 방사선치료 동시요법은 안전하고 종양의 관해율도 높았다. 그러나 국소 재발률이 높고 특히 종양의 크기가 큰 환자에서 예후가 나쁜 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 부작용은 증가시키지 않으면서 국소제어율을 향상시키기 위한 노력이 필요하다. Purpose: To analyze the response, toxicity, patterns of failure and survival rate of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who received radical chemoradiotherapy from October 1999 to September 2004 were included in this retrospective study. Patients received total 55.4∼64.8 (median 64.8) Gy (daily 1.8 Gy per fraction, 5 days per weeks) over 7∼8 weeks. 50 or 60 mg/m2 of paclitaxel was administered on day 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36 of radiotherapy. Four weeks after the concurrent chemoradiotherapy, three cycles of consolidation chemotherapy consisted of aclitaxel 135 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 was administered every 3 weeks. Results: Of the 23 patients, 3 patients refused to receive the treatment during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy. One patient died of bacterial eumonia during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Grade 2 radiation esophagitis was observed in 4 patients (17%). Sixteen patients received consolidation chemotherapy. During the consolidation chemotherapy, 8 patients (50%) experienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and one of those patients died of neutropenic sepsis. Overall response rate for 20 evaluable patients was 90% including 4 complete responses (20%) and 14 partial responses (70%). Among 18 responders, 9 had local failure, 3 had local and distant failure and 2 had distant failure only. Median progression-free survival time was 9.5 months and 2-year progression-free survival rate was 19%. Eleven patients received second-line or third-line chemotherapy after the treatment failure. The median overall survival time was 21 months. 2-year and 5-year survival rate were 43% and 33%, respectively. Age, performance status, tumor size were significant prognostic factors for progression-free survival. Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel revealed high response rate and low toxicity rate. But local failure occurred frequently after the remission and large tumor size was a poor prognostic factor. Further investigations are needed to improve the local control.

국소 진행성 직장암에서 수술 전 항암 화학약물 및 방사선 병행 치료의 효과 및 수술 후 이환율에 미치는 영향

정지은,김갑태,정을삼 대한대장항문학회 2001 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.17 No.6

항문암의 동시 화학 방사선 요법 치료결과

정원규(Weon Kuu Chung),김수곤(Soo Kon Kim),이창걸(Chang Geol Lee),성진실(Jin Sil Seong),김귀언(Gwi Eon Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1994 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.12 No.1

Among the 63 patients with histopathlogically proven primary squamous cell anal cancer who were managed in Prebyteriam Medical Center and Yonsei University Cancer from Jan. 1971 to Dec. 1991. 34 patients, who were managed with surgery alone(abdominoperineal resection) or post-operative radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy were analysed. With mean follow up time of 81.3 months, 30 patients(88%) were followed up from 17 to 243 months. In methods, 10 patients were treated with surgery alone, 9 patients were treated with combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy(50~60 Gy in 28~30 fractions). 15 patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Chomotherapy (Mitomycin c 15mg/squ, bolus injection day 1;5-FU, 750mg/squ, 24hr infusion, day 1 to 5) and radiotherapy started the same day. A dose of 30 Gy was given to the tumor and to the pelvis including inguinal nodes, in 15 fractions, After 2 weeks a boost of radiotherapy(20 Gy) to the ano-perineal area and second cycle of chemotherapy completed the treatment. The overall 5-year survival rate was 56.2%. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy group was 70% and surgery alone group was 16.7%. According to cox proportional harzard model, there was significant difference between survival with concurrent was 64.8%, which was not stastically significant(p=0.1412). In concurrent chemoradiotherapy group, the anal funtion preservation rate was 87% and the severe complication rate(grade 3 stenosis and incontinence) was 13.3%. In conclusion, we conclude that the concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be effective treatment modality in patients with anal cancer.