옥수수 불검화 추출물(Zea Mays L.)과 후박(Magnoliae cortex) 추출물 혼합물의 치주질환원인균에 대한 항균작용 및 치은섬유아세포 활성도에 미치는 영향

김태일,최은정,정종평,한수부,구영,Kim, Tae-Il,Choi, Eun-Jeong,Chung, Chong-Pyoung,Han, Soo-Boo,Ku, Young 대한치주과학회 2002 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.32 No.1

Zea Mays L. has been known to be effective for improving tissue health and Magnoliae cortex to have effective antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effects of Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extract mixtures on periodontal pathogens(Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans )and to examine the effects on human gingival fibroblast cellular activity. Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extracts and their mixtures were prepared with various mixing ratios (0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1). These extracts were loaded to periodontal pathogen cultured petri dish for antimicrobial test and also loaded to cultured human gingival fibroblast for cellular activity test. Each test was repeated 3 times and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. Mixture of these two extracts showed greater amount of inhibition area on periodontal pathogen and more improved gingival fibroblast activity as Zea Mays L. ratio reduced. So, mixture ratio 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) group showed statistical significance in antimicrobial activity and cellular activity among various mixtures(p < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) mixture possessed best gingival fibroblast cellular activity and antimicrobial activity toward periodontal pathogens.

한국 제천 감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisher)의 추출 조건별 추출물의 항산화 및 항균 활성 평가

하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),정윤주 ( Yoon Ju Jeong ),성준섭 ( Joon Seob Seong ),김경미 ( Kyoung Mi Kim ),김아영 ( A Young Kim ),부민민 ( Min Min Fu ),서지영 ( Ji Young Suh ),이난희 ( Nan Hee Lee ),박진오 ( Jino Park ),박수남 ( Soo Nam P 대한화장품학회 2015 대한화장품학회지 Vol.41 No.4

본 연구는 한국 제천에서 재배된 감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisher, G. uralensis)를 대상으로 추출 조건(85% 에탄올, 추출 온도 및 시간)별로 추출한 추출물에 대하여 항산화 활성 및 항균 활성을 측정하고 이로부터 최적의 추출 조건을 선정하여 감초 추출물을 화장품 원료로 개발하기 위한 제조 공정에 활용하고자 하였다. 실험에 사용한 시료는, 각 추출 조건에서 얻어진 추출물을 농축하여 분말로 한 시료(시료-1)와 추출물을 농축하지 않고 추출물 원액을 그대로 사용한 시료(시료-2)이다. 항산화 활성은 라디칼 소거활성, 총항산화능, 활성산소로 유도된 세포손상에서 세포보호효과를 측정하였다. 항균 활성은 피부 상재균에 대한 최소저해농도를 측정하였다. 1,1,-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl를 이용한 라디칼 소거활성에서, 시료-1은 100 μg/mL에서 추출시간이 6 h일 때가 12 h일 때보다 약 10% 정도 더 큰 라디칼 소거활성을 나타냈다. 반면에 시료-2의 라디칼 소거활성은 추출 시간에 따른 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 한편 동일 온도에서 12 h 추출한 추출물의 수율은 6 h 추출한 경우의 수율보다 2.6배 더 컸다. 하지만 총 플라보노이드 함량은 1.1배 정도 더 크게 나타났다. 따라서 추출 시간이 길어도 총플라보노이드 함량은 거의 증가하지 않았음을 보여준다. 추출 조건별 감초 추출물의 라디칼 소거활성, 총항산화능 및 세포보호효과가 추출물의 수율을 반영한 것이 아니라 추출물 중에 함유된 총플라보노이드 함량에 의존함을 나타내고 있다. 피부 상재균에 대한 항균 활성은 추출 조건별 동일 농도(시료-1)에서 측정했을 때, 세 균주(S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. acnes)에 대해 25 및 40 ℃에서 추출된 감초추출물(156 μg/mL)은 methyl paraben (2,500 μg/mL)보다 약 16배 정도로 매우 큰 항균 활성을 나타냈다. 결론적으로 항산화 활성 및 항균 활성이 큰 감초 추출물의 최적 추출 조건은 85% 에탄올로 40 ℃에서 6 h 추출한 추출물이 최적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 화장품에 항산화 활성 및 항균 활성이 큰 감초 추출물을 원료화하기 위해서는 추출 조건별 추출물의 수율, 활성 성분의 수율, 추출물의 농도별 활성 평가와 추출 수율이 반영된 추출물 원액 자체의 활성을 종합 평가해서 추출 조건을 선정해서 원료의 제조 공정에 반영하는 것이 중요함을 시사한다. This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Glycyrriza uralensis Fisher (Jecheon, Korea) extracts obtained by various extraction conditions (85% ethanol, heating temperatures and times), and to establish the optimal extraction condition of G. uralensis for the application as cosmetic ingredients. The extracts obtained under different conditions were concentrated and made in the powdered (sample-1) and were the crude extract solutions without concentration (sample-2). The antioxidant effects were determined by free radical scavenging activity (FSC50), ROS scavenging activity (OSC50), and cellular protective effects. Antibacterial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on human skin flora. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of sample-1 (100 μg/mL) was 10% higher in group extracted for 6 h than 12 h, but sample-2 didn’t show any significant differences. The extraction yield extracted with same temperature for 12 h was 2.6 times higher than 6 h, but total flavonoid content was 1.1 times higher. These results indicated that total flavonoid content hardly increased with increasing extraction time. Free radical scavenging activity, ROS scavenging activity and cellular protective effects were not dependent on the yield of extraction, but total flavonoid content of extraction. Antibacterial activity on three skin flora (S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. acnes)of sample-1 in different extraction conditions were evaluated on same concentration, and the group extracted at 25 and 40 ℃ showed 16 times higher than methyl paraben (2,500 μg/mL). In conclusion, 85% ethanol extracts of G. uralensis extracted at 40 ℃ for 6 h showed the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. These results indicate that the extraction condition is important to be optimized by comprehensive evaluation of extraction yield with various conditions, yield of active component, and activity test with concentrations, and activity of 100% extract, for manufacturing process of products.

레스베라트롤의 세포보호 및 항산화 효과

조나래 ( Na Rae Jo ),박수아 ( Su Ah Park ),전소하 ( So Ha Jeon ),하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국공업화학회 2013 공업화학 Vol.24 No.5

In this study, the cellular protective effect of resveratrol on oxidative damage and its antioxidative activity were investigated. The free radical-scavenging activity (FSC50) of resveratrol was measured to be 103 μM. The reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity (OSC50) of resveratrol on the ROS generated in a Fe 3+ -EDTA/H2O2 system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Resveratrol displayed 0.042 μM ROS scavenging activity, which is 9.6-fold higher than that of L-ascorbic acid (0.405 μM) and had a more prominent cellular protective effect than (+)-α-tocopherol. When HaCaT cells were exposed to 800 mJ/cm 2 of UVB or treated with 30 μM rose bengal, resveratrol protected the cells against oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner; however, it was unable to protect the cells when the damage was induced by 10 mM H2O2. These results indicate that resveratrol could be employed to improve and prevent the skin aging through its antioxidative and cellular protective activities.

The effect of cortical activation on orthodontic tooth movement

Cho, K-W,Cho, S-W,Oh, C-O,Ryu, Y-K,Ohshima, H,Jung, H-S Stockton Press 2007 Oral Diseases Vol. No.

<P>Objective: </P><P>Cortical activation is one of the procedures to accelerate tooth movement by manipulating the cortical bone. In this study, the effect of cortical activation on orthodontic tooth movement was investigated clinically and histologically in the surrounding bony tissue.</P><P>Materials and methods: </P><P>In the lower and upper jaws of two beagle dogs, cortical activation was applied to the buccal and lingual side of the alveolar bone in the right jaw where 12 holes were made on each cortical plate 4 weeks after the extraction of all the second bicuspids while under deep anesthesia. All third bicuspids on both jaws were forced to move forward by a 150-g force using NiTi coil spring with/without guiding wire. The tooth movement was measured and the animals were killed after tooth movement.</P><P>Results: </P><P>Rapid initial tooth movement was apparent after cortical activation. However, after 6 months of cortical activation, the cell number and cellular activity of the surrounding periodontal tissue were decreased.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>This experiment showed that rapid initial tooth movement was apparent following the application of orthodontic force after cortical activation but the cellular activity and fibroblast structure were abnormal in the surrounding periodontal tissue.</P>

후박 및 대조추출혼합물이 골조직 재생에 미치는 영향

이용무,구영,배기환,정종평,Lee, Yong-Moo,Ku, Young,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Chung, Chong-Pyoung 대한치주과학회 1997 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study was to perform on the biological activity of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract mixtures on the wound healing of defected rat calvaria. For the determination of the mixture ratio of two extracts for oral administration, preliminary experiments were performed with the mixture combination of 2000 and $3000{\mu}g/ml$ of Magnolia extract, and also 20, 30, 200, 300, 2000 and $3000{\mu}g/ml$ of Zizyphi fructus extract, respectively and divided into 6 groups. The combination of extracts mixture were tested on the enhancing effect of cellular activity. The effect of the extracts mixture on the cellular activity was evaluated using MTT method and measured on the results with optical density by ELISA reader. The ability to tissue regeneration of the extracts mixture was performed by measuring new bone and new connective tissue regeneration on the 5mm defected rat calvaria for 1, 2 and 3 weeks after oral administration of 2 different dosages groups : 10:1(0.1g/kg) and 10:1(0.5g/kg). It was employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L as positive controls. Each group of rat was sacrificed and en bloc section for histological examination. The effect on the cellular activity of each mixture ratio showed significantly higher in $2000{\mu}g/ml$ of Magnolia extract and $200{\mu}g/ml$ of Zizyphi fructus extract group to compare with other groups. These preliminary results showed that appropriate mixture ratio of two extracts was 10:1 of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract. Histological examination on the activity of tissue regeneration of each group showed that 2weeks and 3weeks specimens of 0.5g/kg of 10:1 extract mixture of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus administrated rat calvaria revealed significantly more osteoid and new bone formation of defected calvaria with unification of defected area than the specimens of any other negative and positive controls. Even though the specimen administrated the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L, positive controls, showed the trend that they promote significantly the repair of calvarial defect, their bone reparative activities were less inductive than the same dosages of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus extract mixture. These results implicated that the mixture of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extracts should be highly effective on the wound healing of bony defected site and might have potential possibilities as an useful drug to promote periodontal tissue regeneration.

Enhancement of cellular olfactory signal by electrical stimulation

Lee, Sang Hun,Jeong, Se Hoon,Jun, Sang Beom,Kim, Sung June,Park, Tai Hyun WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Electrophoresis Vol.30 No.18

<P>The binding of olfactory receptors with odorant molecules initiates olfactory signal transduction, which leads to a cationic influx. In the present study, human embryonic kidney-293 cells were recombinantly engineered to co-express olfactory receptors I7 and gustatory cyclic nucleotide gated channels, which increased the cationic influx. The odorant-induced change in the membrane potential was measured in the extracellular region using microelectrode arrays. A biphasic electrical current stimulation was applied to the cells in order to increase the intrinsic cellular activity. Upon odorants recognition, the electrical cellular activity was enhanced following each electrical stimulation pulse. Compared with odorant-only stimulation, the electrical stimulation induced up to a fivefold increase in the amplitude of the electrical signal, which was produced in response to the odorants. These results demonstrate that electrical stimulation can enhance cellular activity and increase the response signal for detecting ligand binding. This paradigm of electrical stimulation can be used as a novel method in the field of versatile cell-based biosensors for detection of specific odorants.</P>

원산지별 감초 추출물의 항산화 활성 비교 연구

한샛별 ( Saet Byeol Han ),구현아 ( Hyun A Gu ),김수지 ( Su Ji Kim ),김혜진 ( Hye Jin Kim ),권순식 ( Soon Sik Kwon ),김해수 ( Hae Soo Kim ),전소하 ( So Ha Jeon ),황준필 ( Jun Pil Hwang ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2013 대한화장품학회지 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구에서는 한국과 중국 감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis) 및 우즈베키스탄 감초(Glycyrrhiza glabra)를 이용하여 원산지별 감초 추출물의 항산화 활성에 관한 비교 연구를 수행하였다. 감초 추출물의 자유 라디칼(1, 1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성(FSC₅₀)은 각 3가지 원산지 중 한국 감초가 50% 에탄올 추출물(21.15 μg/mL), 에틸아세테이트 분획(29.15 μg/mL), 아글리콘 분획(3.26 μg/mL)에서 모두 가장 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 루미놀-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ 계에서 생성된 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)에 대한 감초 추출물의 총 항산화능(OSC₅₀)은 중국 감초의 50% 에탄올 추출물(1.00 μg/mL)과 에틸아세테이트 분획(0.34μg/mL)이 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Rose-bengal로 증감된 사람 적혈구의 광용혈에 대한 억제 효과를 측정하였을 때 원산지별 감초의 50% 에탄올 추출물과 아글리콘 분획 모두 농도범위(5 ~ 50 μg/mL)에서 농도의존적으로 세포 보호 효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 아글리콘 분획(10 μg/mL)의 경우 한국 감초(τ₅₀ = 847.4 min)가 동일한 종인 중국 감초(τ₅₀ = 194.3 min)보다 약 4배 더 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 미백 소재로만 주로 사용되어오던 감초 추출물이 천연 항산화제로서 화장품 분야에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 특히 세포 보호 효과가 우수한 것으로 보아 감초 추출물이 자외선으로 유도된 ¹O₂와 외 ROS로부터 피부를 효과적으로 보호할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. In this work, comparative study on antioxidative activities of extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) produced in Korea and in China and Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) produced in Uzbekistan was conducted. Among three origins, 50% ethanol extracts (21.15 μg/mL), ethyl acetate fraction (29.15 μg/mL) and aglycone fraction (3.26 μg/mL) of G. uralensis from Korea showed the higher free radical (1,1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC₅₀) than extracts from other origins. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) of extracts from three origins on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system were investigated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay 50% ethanol extract (1.00 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate fraction (0.34 μg/mL) of G. uralensis from China showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. 50% ethanol extract and aglycone fraction of G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts from three origins showed cellular protective effects in a concentration dependent manner (5 ∼ 50 μg/mL). Aglycone fraction of G. uralensis from Korea (τ₅₀ = 847.4 min)especially showed cellular protective effects four times higher than that from China (τ₅₀ = 194.3 min). These results indicate that G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts, which have been used as whitening agent, could be applicable to functional cosmetic ingredient as a natural antioxidant. Judging from the prominent cellular protecitve effects, it is concluded that G. uralensis and G. glabra extracts can protect the skin from ¹O₂ and various ROS induced by UV.

성인 철결핍성 빈혈 환자에서 자연 살상 세포 활성의 변화

김수홍,서정훈,김양수,어완규 고신대학교 의학부 2005 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.20 No.1

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common casue of anemia worldwide. It is well known that iron plays an important role in the metabolism of may bacterial species. A reduction in immune competence by iron deficiency or iron excess might lead to an increased susceptibility of the host to infection. Investigations have been reported of alterations in the cell-mediated immune response in iron deficient human patients. Confounding variables in clinical studies, such as additional nutritional deficiencies, pre-existing infection or other concomitant disorder, make it difficult to conclude that iron is the only causative factor in immune alteration. In this study, we investigated the change of the cell-mediated immunity in iron deficiency patients. Methods: Twenty four patients with uncomplicated IDA were included in this study. The blood levels of hemoglobin, RBC indices, serum ferritin, serum iron, and TIBC were measured. The indices of cell-mediated immunity such as CD3, CD56 and NK cell activity were measured. The indices of cell-mediated immunity were compared with each hematologic meal group. The correlations between hematologic indices, iron parameters and the indices of cell mediated immunity were investigated. Results: The natural killer cell activity was significantly correlated with Hb(Spearman r=0.616 p=0.001), MCV(Spearman r=0.678 p=0.000) and MCH(Spearman r=0.721 p=0.000). But there was no significant correlations with iron, ferritin, TIBC and Iron/TIBC ratio. In Mann-Whitney test and Chi-Square test, NK cell activity was significantly associated with MCV, MCH and hemoglobin. Conclusion: There was significantly decreased natural killer cell activity in iron-deficient patients. In this study, hemoglobin, MCV and MCH are parameters of the NK cell activity in cell-mediated immunity. As a result, iron deficiency itself is a determinant of the NK cell activity.

Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Quercetin and Its Glycosides Isolated from Mampat (Cratoxylum formosum)

So-Jin Choi,Bui Huu Tai,Nguyen Manh Cuong,김영호,장해동 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.2

In this study, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (isoquercitrin), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (hyperin), and quercertin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (quercitrin) from mampat (Cratoxylum formosum) were isolated and their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. Quercetin displayed weaker antioxidant activity than its glycosides, while the cellular antioxidant capacity of quercetin and hyperin was stronger than that of isoquercitrin and quercitrin, indicating that the higher cell-membrane permeability of quercetin and hyperin than isoquercitrin and quercitrin was due to the different hydrophobicity and the specific membrane receptor for galactose. The anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin was shown to be higher to its glycosides in nitric oxide (NO)production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression,and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, suggesting that quercetin inhibits NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via control of iNOS expression with attenuation of NF-κB activation. The data obtained in this study illustrates that the presence and kind of monosaccharide in quercetin glycosides may play a critical role in their cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Preparation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Containing Cellular Activated Carbon for CO2 and H2 Adsorption

Weigang Zhao,Lu Luo,Mizi Fan 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.1

New monolithic nitrogen-containing microporous cellular activated carbon was successfully prepared from phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) organic foam for CO2 and H2 adsorption and was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), a mechanical testing machine, N2-sorption and H2/CO2 sorption. The carbon yield was approximately 50% for carbonization and the burn off for activation ranged from 40% to 56%, which linearly increased with activation time. The macroporosity corresponded to the connected network of cells with diameters ranging from 100 µm to 600 µm, and the pinholes in the cell walls had diameters ranging from 1 µm to 2 µm. The micro/mesoporosity is located at the inner surface of the cells. Thus, higher adsorption kinetics than usual from activated carbon are expected. The developed carbon with the highest SBET (1674 m2 /g) and highest VDR (0.86 cm3 /g) contained 1.5% nitrogen, had a CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.53 mmol/g at 298 K, and had an H2 adsorption capacity of 1.9 wt.% at 77 K, both at atmospheric pressure (1 bar), which were among the best in activated carbons from physical activation.