A Model Approach to Calculate Cancer Prevalence From 5 Year Survival Data for Selected Cancer Sites in India

Takiar, Ramnath,Jayant, Kasturi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: Prevalence is a statistic of primary interest in public health. In the absence of good follow-up facilities, it is difficult to assess the complete prevalence of cancer for a given registry area. Objective: An attempt was here made to arrive at complete prevalence including limited duration prevalence with respect to selected sites of cancer for India by fitting appropriate models to 1, 3 and 5 years cancer survival data available for selected population-based registries. Materials and Methods: Survival data, available for the registries of Bhopal, Chennai, Karunagappally, and Mumbai was pooled to generate survival for breast, cervix, ovary, lung, stomach and mouth cancers. With the available data on survival for 1, 3 and 5 years, a model was fitted and the survival curve was extended beyond 5 years (up to 35 years) for each of the selected sites. This helped in generation of survival proportions by single year and thereby survival of cancer cases. With the help of survival proportions available year-wise and the incidence, prevalence figures were arrived for selected cancer sites and for selected periods. Results: The prevalence to incidence ratio (PI ratio) stabilized after a certain duration for all the cancer sites showing that from the knowledge of incidence, the prevalence can be calculated. The stabilized P/I ratios for the cancer sites of breast, cervix, ovary, stomach, lung, mouth and for life time was observed to be 4.90, 5.33, 2.75, 1.40, 1.37, 4.04 and 3.42 respectively. Conclusions: The validity of the model approach to calculate prevalence could be demonstrated with the help of survival data of Barshi registry for cervix cancer, available for the period 1988-2006.

Prevalence, Awareness, Control, and Treatment of Hypertension and Diabetes in Korean Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Choi, Kyung-Hyun,Park, Sang Min,Lee, Kiheon,Kim, Kyae Hyung,Park, Joo-Sung,Han, Seong Ho Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Background: Management of hypertension and diabetes in cancer survivors is an important issue; however, not much is known about the level of management of such chronic disease in Korea. This study therefore assessed the prevalence, awareness, control, and treatment of hypertension and diabetes in Korean cancer survivors compared to non-cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, wherein data were obtained from standardized questionnaires completed by 943 cancer survivors and 41,233 non-cancer survivors who participated in the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2011). We calculated adjusted proportions for prevalence and management of hypertension and diabetes in non-cancer survivors and cancer survivors. We also assessed the associated factors with prevalence and management of cancer survivors. Results: Cancer survivors are more likely than the general population to have higher prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. However, diabetic management was not significantly higher in cancer survivors than in non-cancer survivors, despite their having a higher prevalence. Several factors, such as, age, drinking, years since cancer diagnosis, self-perceived health status, and specific cancer types were found to affect to management of hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions: These data suggest that cancer survivors appear to be better than non-cancer survivors at management of hypertension, but not diabetes. There is a need for healthcare providers to recognize the importance of long-term chronic disease management for cancer survivors and for the care model to be shared between primary care physicians and oncologists.

Cancer Prevalence among Physicians in Korea: A Single Center Study

Hye Lin Kim,Hae Jin Park,Yun Hye Sim,Eun Young Choi,Kyung Won Shim,Sang Wha Lee,Hong Soo Lee,전혜진 대한가정의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.37 No.2

Background: There is little research regarding whether working as a physician affects cancer risk. Moreover, thereis no research on cancer prevalence among physicians in Korea. This study utilized the Korea National Cancer IncidenceDatabase to determine whether the prevalence of cancer among physicians differs from the prevalence ofcancer within the general population. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of a representative sample of 382 doctors who underwent a health examinationbetween 2010 and 2013 at a health examination center in a Ewha Womans University Medical Center. Cancer incidence was measured as cases that were eventually diagnosed as cancer according to a biopsy. Results: We collected medical records from 382 physicians (mean age, 51.9±8.1 years) and calculated the standardizedprevalence ratios compared to the general population. Thirty physicians (9 male and 21 female) were identifiedas having cancer. Physicians had a significantly higher prevalence of cancer compared to the general population. Cancer prevalence in male physicians was found to be 2.47 times higher than the prevalence expected withinthe general population (P=0.006). Among female physicians, cancer prevalence was 3.94 times higher than that inthe general population (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that physicians had a higher prevalence of cancer compared to the general populationin Korea, which suggests that there may be a problem present in the health care of physicians. Changes to theworking environment of physicians will be needed to reduce the high prevalence of cancer among physicians.

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of cancer among anemia patients treated at an outpatient clinic

김수정,하소영,최보미,이미영,진종률,염수정,김태완,김영민,이기현 대한혈액학회 2013 Blood Research Vol.48 No.1

Background Anemia is the most common hematologic condition encountered in outpatient clinics. It is often overlooked because it is common among patients; however, anemia is one of the leading indicators of cancer. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of cancer among anemia patients who visited an outpatient clinic. Methods The data were collected by reviewing the records of an outpatient clinic from January 2007 to December 2011. Results In total, 502 patients (52 males, 450 females) were diagnosed with anemia. Cancer prevalence among anemia patients was 5.57% (25.0%, men; 3.3%, women); further, the most frequently diagnosed cancer was colorectal cancer (22.5%), followed by advanced gastric cancer (16.1%), breast cancer (9.6%), myelodysplastic syndrome (9.6%), cervical cancer (6.4%), renal-cell carcinoma (6.4%), and thyroid cancer (6.4%). The prevalence of cancer was 4.1% in those aged 40‒49 years, 4.2% in the subjects in their fifties, 8.0% in those in their sixties, 21.6% in those in their seventies, and 55.6% in those aged over 80 years. The cancer prevalence among iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients was 6.18% (28.8%, men; 3.5%, women). The cancer prevalence in postmenopausal and premenopausal female IDA patients was 16.0% and 1.6%, respectively. Conclusion Among anemia patients, male patients aged over 40 years and female patients aged over 60 years, along with postmenopausal female patients, were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer. Consequently, male IDA patients, and female patients aged over 60 years must be carefully evaluated for the possibility of malignancy.

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of cancer among anemia patients treated at an outpatient clinic

김수정,하소영,최보미,이미영,진종률,염수정,김태완,김영민,이기현 대한혈액학회 2013 Blood Research Vol.48 No.1

Background Anemia is the most common hematologic condition encountered in outpatient clinics. It is often overlooked because it is common among patients; however, anemia is one of the leading indicators of cancer. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of cancer among anemia patients who visited an outpatient clinic. Methods The data were collected by reviewing the records of an outpatient clinic from January 2007 to December 2011. Results In total, 502 patients (52 males, 450 females) were diagnosed with anemia. Cancer prevalence among anemia patients was 5.57% (25.0%, men; 3.3%, women); further, the most frequently diagnosed cancer was colorectal cancer (22.5%), followed by advanced gastric cancer (16.1%), breast cancer (9.6%), myelodysplastic syndrome (9.6%), cervical cancer (6.4%), renal-cell carcinoma (6.4%), and thyroid cancer (6.4%). The prevalence of cancer was 4.1% in those aged 40‒49 years, 4.2% in the subjects in their fifties, 8.0% in those in their sixties, 21.6% in those in their seventies, and 55.6% in those aged over 80 years. The cancer prevalence among iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients was 6.18% (28.8%, men; 3.5%, women). The cancer prevalence in postmenopausal and premenopausal female IDA patients was 16.0% and 1.6%, respectively. Conclusion Among anemia patients, male patients aged over 40 years and female patients aged over 60 years, along with postmenopausal female patients, were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer. Consequently, male IDA patients, and female patients aged over 60 years must be carefully evaluated for the possibility of malignancy.

Incidence, Survival and Prevalence of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in Linzhou City from 2003 to 2009

Liu, Shu-Zheng,Wang, Bing,Zhang, Fang,Chen, Qiong,Yu, Liang,Cheng, Lan-Ping,Sun, Xi-Bin,Duan, Guang-Cai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

This study describes recent trends in incidence, survival and prevalence of subgroups of esophageal and gastric cancer in Linzhou city between 2003 and 2009. Data of esophageal and gastric cancer for the period of interest were extracted from the Linzhou Cancer Registry. Using information on tumor morphology or anatomical site, data were divided into six groups; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, other and unspecified types of esophageal cancer, and cardia, non-cardia, and unspecified anatomical site of stomach cancer. Incidence, survival and prevalence rates for each of the six cancer groups were calculated. The majority of esophageal cancers were squamous cell carcinomas (82%). Cardiac cancer was the major gastric cancer group (64%). The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer increased between 2003 and 2009. Both esophageal and gastric cancer had a higher incidence in males compared with females. Overall survival was poor in all sub-groups with 1 year survival ranging from 45.9 to 65.6% and 5 year survival ranging from 14.7 to 30.5%. Prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer was high (accounting for 80% overall). An increased focus on prevention and early diagnosis, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer, is required.

NAFLD Is Associated with High Prevalence and High Recurrence Rate in Patients with Breast Cancer

( Young-sun Lee ),( Sung Won Chang ),( Ha Seok Lee ),( Haein Bak ),( Sehwa Kim ),( Min-jin Lee ),( Chan Uk Lee ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eun Yeon 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Breast cancer is most common cancer in women worldwide. The incidence of breast cancer is correlated with metabolic component including diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Likewise breast cancer, metabolic components are important risk factors for development of NAFLD. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with breast cancer and the effect of NAFLD on the prognosis of breast cancer. Methods: Patients with breast cancer were enrolled from January 2007 to June 2017. Patients who had other chronic liver were excluded. Hepatic steatosis was evaluated by non-enhanced CT scan. We diagnosed NAFLD when the mean attenuation of the liver is lower than 40 HU or 10 HU lower than that of the spleen. 123 healthy controls who took non-enhanced CT scan were also analyzed. Results: Total 1587 patients were enrolled from January 2007 to June 2017. The prevalence of NAFLD in patients with breast cancer was 15.8% (251/1587) and it was significantly higher comparing with healthy control (8.9%, 11/123)(P=0.036). After propensity score matching, the difference of NAFLD prevalence was still significant between control group (8.9%, 11/123) and breast cancer patients (17.9%, 22/123) (P=0.040). In breast cancer patients, overall survival did not showed significant difference between NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group (P=0.304) (Figure A). However, recurrence-free survival was significantly higher in patients without NAFLD comparing with those with NAFLD (P=0.009) (Figure B). Among breast cancer patients received endocrine treatment, NAFLD group showed higher cumulative incidence of significant liver injury comparing with non-NAFLD group (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD in patients with breast cancer is significantly high compared to healthy control group. Moreover, breast cancer patients with NAFLD showed poor prognosis in terms of recurrence. Therefore, diagnostic evaluation to determine whether or not NAFLD is present would be important in managing patients with breast cancer.

Prevalence of Thyroid Cancer at a Medical Screening Center: Pathological Features of Screen-detected Thyroid Carcinomas

최윤정,박용래,고장현 연세대학교의과대학 2008 Yonsei medical journal Vol.49 No.5

Purpose: To assess the incidence of thyroid malignancy in an adult population screened by high-resolution ultrasonography at a medical screening center and to compare the clinical and pathological features of screen-detected thyroid carcinomas to symptomatic overt thyroid carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We calculated the prevalence of screen-detected thyroid cancer at a medical screening center using high- resolution ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration. We then compared the clinical and pathological features of screen- detected thyroid cancers (n=46) to clinical symptomatic thyroid cancers (n=157). We evaluated age, gender, size, perithyroidal extension, lymphovascular extension, stage, histological lymph node metastasis, and the type of cancer. We also compared the above findings of micropapillary carcinomas to papillary thyroid carcinomas that were larger than 1cm in diameter. Results: Screen-detected thyroid nodule patients were 2,747 (37%) of 7,491 patients. Nodules selected for fine needle aspiration were 658 and cytology confirmed malignancy were 79 (12%) nodules. When screen-detected thyroid cancers (n=46) were compared to symptomatic overt thyroid cancers (n=157), only statistically significant factor was size (p=0.002). Papillary thyroid carcinomas that were larger than 1 cm had more frequent capsular invasion (p=0.000) and a higher stage (p=0.027), and a higher prevalence of lymph node metastases (p=0.002). Conclusion: Screen-detected thyroid cancers should be managed as same as symptomatic thyroid cancers in respect to size, and an assessment should strictly be based on the ultrasound features and fine needle aspiration biopsy findings.

Prevalence of Local Recurrence of Colorectal Cancer at the Iranian Cancer Institute

Omranipour, Ramesh,Mahmoodzadeh, Habibollah,Safavi, Farinaz Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Background: Although a great deal of progress has been made in the management of colorectal cancer in terms of neoadjuvant modalities, surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies, the recurrence of tumors remains an enigmatic complication in patients. A better understanding of colorectal cancer and of factors that lead to recurrence of disease can provide helpful information for designing more effective screening and surveillance methods. Aim: To investigate the factors that may lead to local recurrence of colorectal cancers. Materials and Methods: The current retrospective case study evaluated 617 patients admitted to the Iranian Cancer Institute (the largest referral cancer center in the country) from 1995 to 2009 with confirmed colorectal cancer. Patients with distant metastasis, or with pathology other than adenocarcinoma and no follow-up, were excluded (175 patients). The remainder (442) included 294 (66.5%) with rectal cancer and 148 (33.5%) with colon cancer. The median duration of follow-up was 26 months. Results: The total rate of recurrence was 17.4%, comprising 19.6% and 16.3% recurrence rates in colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Conclusions: Recurrence of colorectal cancer was significantly correlated to tumor grade (p<0.008).

The Incidence of Malignant Tumors in Environmentally Disadvantaged Regions of Kazakhstan

Mamyrbayev, Arstan,Djarkenov, Timur,Dosbayev, Askar,Dusembayeva, Nailya,Shpakov, Anatolyi,Umarova, Gulmira,Drobchenko, Yelena,Kunurkulzhayev, Temirgali,Zhaylybaev, Mukhtar,Isayeva, Gulnar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.12

Objective: To explore the prevalence of malignant tumors in the adult population through 2003-2014 in parts of the Aral Sea region: a zone of ecological disaster, a zone of ecological crisis and a zone of precritical conditions. Methods: The long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity stratified by zones of the Aral Sea region and trends of long-time average annual incidence indicators of malignant tumors were identified. Leading cancer localizations in the adult population was established and associations between cancer incidence and environmental pollution were analyzed. In addition, associations between individual risk factors and cancer incidence in the adult population was established. Correlations between a hazard index and the cancer incidence in the adult population were calculated. Results: In all three Aral Sea regions, as well as in Zhanaarkinskii district, leading cancer in adult population was esophageal, stomach, tracheal, lung, hepatobiliary, and breast. Long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the Aral sea region is 1.5 times higher comparing to the control region. In particular, long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the zone of ecological disaster was 57.2% higher, in the zone of ecological crisis - 61.9% higher, and in the zone of precritical condition - 16.8% higher. Long-time average annual levels in the adult population of the Aral Sea region significantly exceeded control levels for brain and central nervous system cancer, cancer of bone and articular cartilage, and thyroid cancer. Conclusion: It has was established that the total cancer morbidity depended on the total hazard index associated with the inhalation of nickel and the combined cadmium intake (r=0.8).