Effect of vacuum blending on antioxidant activities of apple juice and blueberry juice

Sung-Gyu Lee,Min-Seo Lee,Soo-Min Seo,Seong-Yun Park 한국식물생명공학회 2021 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.48 No.4

The present study aimed to assess and compare the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of apple juice and blueberry juice at hourly intervals over a period of time based on the presence or absence of vacuum blending (0 and 800 hPa) using a household blender. Measurement of the dissolved oxygen content revealed that the removal rates of dissolved oxygen were approximately 83% and 86% in the apple and blueberry juice samples, respectively, after vacuum blending. Moreover, compared with general blending, there was little change in the antioxidant property and degree of browning over time with vacuum blending. Furthermore, hourly assessments revealed that the decrease in the poly- phenol and flavonoid contents in the apple and blueberry juice samples was significantly lesser with vacuum blending for 3, 6, and 12 h than with general blending. Assessment of the change in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity over time revealed that the rate of decrease in FRAP activity over time was lower with vacuum blending than with general blending for both juice samples. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays performed to determine the change in free radical scavenging activity revealed inhibitory activity at 0, 3, 6, and 12 h and confirmed that vacuum blending resulted in long-lasting antioxidant activities in both apple and blueberry juice samples. Taken together, the present results confirmed that vacuum blending is associated with superior quality maintenance and antioxidant properties in comparison with general blending.

Inpainting GAN-Based Image Blending with Adaptive Binary Line Mask

Thanh Hien Truong,이태호,Viduranga Munasinghe,김태성,김진성,이혁재 한국멀티미디어학회 2023 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.10 No.3

Image blending is a scheme for image composition to make the composite image looks as natural and realistic as possible. Image blending should ensure that the edges of the object look seamless and do not distort colors. Recently, numerous studies investigated image blending methods adopting deep learning-based image processing algorithms and contributed to generating natural blended images. Although the previ-ous studies show remarkable performance in many cases, they suffer from quality drop when blending incompletely cropped object. This is because partial loss and unnecessary extra information on the cropped object image interferes with image blending. This paper proposes a new scheme that significantly reduce the unnatural edges and the color distortion. First, to detect and handle the incompletely cropped region, an adaptive binary line mask generation utilizing color difference checking algorithm (CDC) is proposed. The generated mask is exploited to im-prove image blending performance by isolating incompletely cropped image edges from image blending. Second, in order to perform inpaint-ing the missing or masked area of the object image and image blending together, the inpainting generative adversarial model is adopted. Exper-imental results show that the blended images are not only more natural than those of the previous works but the color information is also well preserved.

스토아 혼합 논의

한경자(Han, Kyeong-Ja) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2013 철학사상 Vol.50 No.-

스토아 혼합론에 대한 논의는 두 가지 물체가 어떻게 동시에 한 장소에 있을 수 있는가를 규명하는데 집중해 있다. 크뤼시포스는 섞임을 병치, 융해, (완전) 혼합이라는 세 가지 종류로 구분하고, 이 중 (완전) 혼합의 방식이 두 물체가 동시에 한 장소에 있을 수 있는 방법임을 논한다. 본 논문은 일차적으로 알렉산드로스의 단편을 분석하여 스토아가 (완전) 혼합을 다른 두 섞임의 방식과 어떻게 차별화시키고 있으며, 스토아가 이 ‘완전 혼합론’을 통해 본질적으로 의도하고 있는 것이 무엇인지를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 알렉산드로스의 단편에 더하여 혼합에 대한 스토아의 생각의 일면을 보여주는 스토바이오스, 디오게네스 라에르티우스, 플루타르코스 등의 단편들은 ‘완전 혼합론’을 통해 스토아가 규명하고자 한 바가, 그것에 대한 여러 비판적 해석도 불구하고, 프네우마와 질료의 완전 혼합, 즉 물체인 프네우마가 물체인 질료에 완전히 스며들어 있는 방식을 규명하기 위해 도입되었음을 보여준다. 또한 ‘완전 혼합론’은 물체인 프네우마가 세계 전체에 스며들어서 세계를 하나로 묶어 흩어지지 않게 고정하고 유지하고 있음을 지지하는 배경 논의로 작동하고 있다. 이러한 스토아 혼합론은 아리스토텔레스 혼합론의 용어와 사례를 의도적으로 다른 방식으로 차용함으로써 이루어진다. 그것은 더 나아가 이 세계는 하나의 단일한 물체적 실체라는 스토아 일원론과 이 우주의 모든 사물은 두 개의 물체적 근원으로 이루어져 있다는 스토아적 유물론을 양립가능하게 해준다. 이 우주와 이 우주 안의 모든 사물은 두 개의 물체적 근원으로 이루어져 있지만, 이 두 물체적 근원이 함께 있는 방식이 ‘완전 혼합’이기 때문에 이 완전 혼합을 통해 이루어진 실체는 두 개의 실체가 아니라 단 하나의 실체이기 때문이다. The critical discussions on the Stoics’ theory of mixture have been focused on inquiring how two bodies can occupy the same place. Chrysippus categorized mixture in three ways - juxtaposition, confusion, and blending - and showed that ‘blending’ among these three is the way in which two bodies can exist at the same place. This article seeks, firstly, to show how the Stoics distinguish ‘blending’ from the other two ways of mixture by analyzing Alexander’s citing (SVF 2.473) and secondly, to shed light on what the Stoics intrinsically aim through this theory of ‘through-and-through blending’. The features, such as Stobaeus, Diogenes Laertius, and Plutarch, which reveal the Stoics’ perspective in addition to that of Alexander, show that the category of ‘blending’ was introduced to explain the manner in which pneuma (breath) penetrates hyl? (matter), providing them with cohesive force, and generating properties in them. The theory of ‘blending’ also serves to support the idea that the whole universe is unified by pneuma which pervades it all, and by which the universe is sustained and stabilized and made interactive with itself. This Stoics’ theory of mixture is established in explicit opposition to that of Aristotle. This theory furthermore provides the compatibility between Stoic monism, in which this universe is a single corporeal entity, and Stoic corporealism, in which everything in the universe are composed of two corporeal principles. This is because although the universe and everything in the universe are composed of two corporeal principles, the way in which these two corporeal principles are present together is ‘through-andthrough blending’; therefore the entity which is composed by this ‘blending’ is one single entity, not two.

English Blending Revisited: An Optimality Theoretic Approach

서홍원 대한영어영문학회 2021 영어영문학연구 Vol.47 No.2

The goal of this paper is to investigate how new English blends are created and to provide a phonological analysis within the framework of Optimality Theory. English blends can be largely categorized into two groups: overlapping and non-overlapping blends. In the case of non-overlapping blends, onset-rhyme is preferred to nucleus-coda as a switch point in monosyllabic blends while feet can play an important role in blends with more than one syllable, as well. The number of syllables of blends with no overlapping segments mostly corresponds to that of the second base word. In addition, the stress pattern also follows that of the second base word. On the other hand, in the case of overlapping blends, the identical phoneme(s) are overlapped which makes it difficult to precisely demarcate the boundary. Overlapping blends show different characteristics from non-overlapping blends with respect to a switch point as well as the number of syllables.

개념적 혼성에 입각한 은유의 의미구성

김동환(Kim Dong-Hwan) 담화·인지언어학회 2004 담화와 인지 Vol.11 No.1

This paper examines how the conceptual blending theory deals with meaning construction of metaphors. The conceptual blending theory, developed by Fauconnier & Turner (1994, 1998, 2002) and Fauconnier (1997), posits the four-space network consisting of two input spaces, the generic space, and the blended space. Conceptual blending is a cognitive process which is the combination of input space construction, cross-space mapping, and selective projection. The meaning of language is constructed by the operation of conceptual blending. Before the conceptual blending theory turns up, metaphors have been dealt with by the conceptual metaphor theory in cognitive linguistics. But we could find some problems with the conceptual metaphor theory, so we introduce the new theory about metaphors; the conceptual blending theory. This study analyses meaning construction of two types of metaphors: everyday metaphors involving the concept of "anger" and poetic metaphors.

An Analysis of Land Turtle Imagery in The Grapes of Wrath from the Perspective of Conceptual Blending

Xie Bin,Joseph Yosup Kim 한국영미문학교육학회 2020 영미문학교육 Vol.24 No.1

This study aims to analyze the cognitive process of land turtle image in Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath based on the conceptual blending. Conceptual blending is a universal cognitive process in people’s thinking and activities, especially in creative thinking and actions. We have analyzed the physical features and crawling process of the turtle and the Joad family and constructed the corresponding relationship between these two. Using the spatial combination of conceptual blending and the completion of the background knowledge framework, the structure in the synthetic space was elaborated to form new meanings. Turtle, as the most prominent animal image in The Grapes of Wrath, bears rich symbolic connotation. Interpretation from the perspective of conceptual blending is conducive to readers to more precisely grasp the deep meaning hidden underneath the text, to attain a comprehensive understanding of the novel, to appreciate Steinbeck’s exquisite ideas and to realize the aesthetic experience of great works.

Atypical blending with proper names: A case study of Korean fandom names

장하연(Jang, Hayeun) 한국음운론학회 2021 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.27 No.1

This paper investigates the atypical characteristics of blending found in Korean fandom names. For blends as fandom names, the proper name and the existing word participate as sources, and if clipping occurs, a larger part of the proper name tends to be cut off compared to the existing word. As a result, many blending outputs are phonologically very similar or identical to existing words. In particular, blends with the same phonological form as existing words occupy the largest number in the fandom name dataset. This type of blend was evaluated as absolutely ill-formed, violating the Uniqueness constraint of blending. This paper interprets the creative and playful nature of the blending process as having been reinforced in fandom names to make the newly created name attractive and easy to remember, and evocative of the target proper name. This shows that when analyzing lexical blends, the social and pragmatic purposes of word-formation must be taken into account in addition to phonological and morphological constraints.

상상표현에서의 개념적 혼성

박용혁 ( Yong Hyuk Park ) 서울敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2012 한국초등교육 Vol.23 No.1

본 논문은 미술교과서에 제시된 학생의 상상표현 작품을 개념적 혼성 이론으로 분석하여, 학생들이 상상표현을 구성하는 과정에서 어떻게 개념적 혼성을 이용하는지를 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 연구자는 인지언어학의 사례들을 표상하고 설명하기 위해 창조된 개념적 혼성 이론을 새로운 현상, 즉 미술에서의 상상표현의 과정에 확장하고자 하는 의도를 가지고 있다. 개념적 혼성은 공간횡단 사상, 총칭공간의 형성, 혼성공간으로의 투사, 발현구조를 조건으로 하며, 러한 원리를 통하여 개념적 통합 연결망이 형상화된다. 개념적 통합 연결망은 단순 연결망, 거울 연결망, 단일범위 연결망, 이중범위 연결망의 네 가지 유형이 있으며, 이를 토대로 미술교과서에 제시된 학생의 상상표현 작품을 선택하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 네 가지 통합 연결망 유형들은 상상표현의 과정을 인도할 수 있는 구조를 제공하며, 상상표현을 위한 과정들을 확인하고 통일시키고 조화시키는 포괄적인 과정을 제공한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 개념적 혼성 이론을 적용한 분석은 상상표현을 서로 다른 영역들 또는 유사한 영역들을 단순히 연결하는 차원에서의 설명으로 그치는 것이 아니라 그러한 연결이 왜 가능한지, 그리고 그것을 통해 어떤 새로운 심상이 만들어지는지를 효과적으로 설명하는데 의의가 있다. 나아가 분석에 적용한 네 가지 유형들은 상상표현에 대한 더욱 세분화된 새로운 유형들을 위한 청사진을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine the imaginary works of students included in art textbooks from the perspective of a conceptual blending theory in an attempt to explore how the students made use of conceptual blending in the process of imaginary expression. The conceptual blending theory had been created to represent and explain the cases of cognitive linguistics, and it`s meant in this study to extend the sphere of the conceptual blending theory by applying it to a new phenomenon, namely the process of imaginary art expression. There are several prerequisites for conceptual blending: cross-space mapping, generic space, projection into a blending space and emergent structure. A conceptual integration network is visualized through the application of these principles. And there are four different sorts of conceptual integration networks: simplex network, mirror network, single scope network and double scope network. The imaginary works of students included in art textbooks were analyzed in consideration of the four kinds of conceptual integration networks. And it`s found that the four kinds of conceptual integration networks served to provide a framework of the process of imaginary expression and a comprehensive process of confirming, unifying and coordinating the processes of imaginary expression. When analysis is made by applying the conceptual blending theory, it`s possible to not only link different or similar domains of imaginary expression but to explain what makes it possible to link those domains and what sorts of new imagery could be created by that. Furthermore, the use of the four types is expected to give a clue about more segmented, new types of imaginary expression.

Influence of Blending Method on the Generation of Wear Particulate Matters and Physical Properties in TBR Tire Tread Compounds

송상훈,정준환,하진욱,박대동,류경찬,김동혁,황기원,정성욱,김원호 한국고무학회 2023 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.58 No.4

Because particulate matter has emerged as a major contributor to air pollution, the tire industry has conducted studies to reduce particulate matters from tires by improving tire performance. In this study, we compared the conventional blending method, in which rubber, filler, and additives are mixed simultaneously, to the Y-blending method, in which masterbatches are blended. We manufactured carbon black (CB)-filled natural rubber (NR)/butadiene rubber (BR) blend and silica- filled epoxidized NR/BR blend compounds to compare the effects of the two blending methods on the physical properties of the compounds and the amount of particulate matter generated. The Y-blending method provided uniform filler distribution in the heterogeneous rubber matrix, improved processability, and exhibited low rolling resistance. This method also improved physical properties owing to the excellent fillerrubber interaction. The results obtained from measuring the generation of particulate matter indicated that, the Y-blending method reduced PM2.5 particulate matter generation from the CB-filled and silica-filled compounds by 38% and 60%, and that of PM10 by 29% and 67%, respectively. This confirmed the excellence of the Y-blending method regarding the physical properties of truck bus radial tire tread compounds and reduced particulate matter generated.

Darjeeling Tea의 블렌딩과 홍차 산업의 근대화

이진미(Jin-mee Lee) 국제차문화학회 2020 차문화ㆍ산업학 Vol.48 No.-

다르질링은 인도의 자연환경과 특성에 알맞은 품종과 토양으로 인해 생산시기에 따른 다양한 풍미의 차가 생산되고 있다. 19세기 이후 질 좋고 값싸며 균일한 홍차를 생산하고 공급하기 위해 다양한 차들을 활용한 블렌딩 기법이 개발되었고, 그 결과 여러 지역에서 생산되는 여러 등급의 원료를 적절히 배합함으로써 소비자들의 다양한 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 방법을 찾아내게 되었다. 홍차의 산업화와 더불어 블렌딩의 기술과 발전은 곧 값싸고 질 좋은 홍차의 대량 공급이 가능해졌다는 것을 의미한다. 인도의 다르질링 지역에서 생산된 차가 생산량이 적음에도 불구하고 블렌딩 산업에 기여할 수 있었던 요인은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다르질링의 차는 품종과 생산시기에 따라 서로 다른 맛과 향을 품고 있어 다양한 블렌딩을 할 수 있다. 둘째, 다르질링의 전통 제다방식은 블렌딩에 영향을 주었다. 셋째, 영국의 기계화된 시스템이 홍차 산업의 근대화를 이끌었다. 이렇게 블렌딩 된 차(Blended Tea)는 이내 영국과 다른 유럽 국가들의 홍차 상권을 장악했고, 다양한 회사에서 다양한 홍차 제품들이 출시되면서 홍차 문화와 산업의 부흥을 이끌었다. Darjeeling is producing a variety of flavored tea according to the production period due to the varieties and soil suitable for the natural environment and characteristics of India. Since the 19th century, blending techniques using various types of tea have been developed to produce and supply quality, cheap and uniform black tea, and as a result, we have found ways to meet the diverse needs of consumers by properly mixing various grades of raw materials produced in various regions. The industrialization of black tea and the technology and development of double-air blending mean that the mass supply of cheap and quality black tea has soon become possible. The following factors have contributed to the blending industry despite the low production of tea produced in India s Darjeeling region: First, Darjeeling s tea has a different taste and aroma depending on the variety and production time, so it can be blended in various ways. Second, Darjeeling s traditional manufacturing style influenced blending. Third, the mechanized system of Britain led to the modernization of the tea industry. This blending tea soon took over the black tea business in Britain and other European countries, and led to the revival of the modern black tea industry with the release of various black tea products from various companies.