Antibiofilm Activity and Binding Specificity of Polyclonal DNA Aptamers on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Kusumawati Arizah,Mustopa Apon Zaenal,Umami Rifqiyah Nur,Santoso Adi,Wibawan I Wayan Teguh,Setiyono Agus,Sudarwanto Mirnawati Bachrum 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Aptamers are short, chemically synthesized, single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that fold into unique three-dimensional structures. In this study, we aim to determine the antibiofilm activity and binding specificity of the six polyclonal DNA aptamers (S15K3, S15K4, S15K6, S15K13, S15K15, and S15K20) on Staphylococcus aureus BPA-12 and Escherichia coli EPEC 4. Aptamer S15K6 showed the highest percentage of antibiofilm activity against S. aureus BPA-12 (37.4%) as shown by the lowest OD570 value of 0.313. Aptamer S15K20 showed the highest percentage of antibiofilm activity against E. coli EPEC 4 (15.4%) as shown by the lowest OD570 value of 0.515. Aptamers S15K13 and S15K20 showed antibiofilm activities against both S. aureus BPA-12 and E. coli EPEC4, and thus potentially have broad reactivity. Furthermore, based on the binding capacity and Kd values from our previous study, the binding specificity assay of selected polyclonal DNA aptamers (S15K3 and S15K15) against S. aureus BPA-12, E. coli EPEC 4, S. aureus BPA-6, S. agalactiae, E. coli MHA-6, and Listeria monocytogenes were performed using qPCR. Aptamers S15K3 and S15K15 showed specific binding to S. aureus BPA-12, E. coli EPEC 4, S. aureus BPA-6, and S. agalactiae, but could not bind to E. coli MHA-6 and L. monocytogenes. Therefore, this study showed that the polyclonal DNA aptamers have antibiofilm activity and were able to bind to S. aureus BPA-12 and E. coli EPEC 4 bacteria.

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Cell-Free Supernatant of Lactobacillus brevis KCCM 202399 Isolated from Korean Fermented Food against Streptococcus mutans KCTC 5458

( Jong Ha Kim ),( Hye Ji Jang ),( Na-kyoung Lee ),( Hyun-dong Paik ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.1

This study aims to determine the antibiofilm effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus brevis strains against Streptococcus mutans strains. To study the antibiofilm mechanism against S. mutans strains, antibacterial effects, cell surface properties (auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity), exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and morphological changes were examined. The antibiofilm effect of L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS as morphological changes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), compared with the control treatment. Among the L. brevis strains, L. brevis KCCM 202399 showed the highest antibiofilm effect on S. mutans KCTC 5458. The antibacterial effect of L. brevis KCCM 202399 against S. mutans KCTC 5458 was investigated using the deferred method (16.00 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of L. brevis KCCM 202399 against S. mutans KCTC 5458 was 25.00%. Compared with the control treatment, L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS inhibited the bacterial adhesion of S. mutans KCTC 5458 by decreasing auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and EPS production (45.91%, 40.51%, and 67.44%, respectively). L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS inhibited and eradicated the S. mutans KCTC 5458 biofilm. Therefore, these results suggest that L. brevis KCCM 202399 CFS may be used to develop oral health in the probiotic industry.

Direct one-pot synthesis of cinnamaldehyde immobilized on gold nanoparticles and their antibiofilm properties

Ramasamy, Mohankandhasamy,Lee, Jin-Hyung,Lee, Jintae Elsevier 2017 Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Vol.160 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The objective of the present study was to develop a one-pot strategy to synthesis gold nanoparticle complexes using cinnamaldehyde, a potent antibiofilm agent which in its free form, exhibits high volatility and unstable nature. Hence, we developed cinnamaldehyde gold nanoparticles (CGNPs) in a single step to overcome the limitations of free cinnamaldehyde. Furthermore, reduction abilities of cinnamaldehyde under different experimental conditions, that is, varying precursor concentrations of cinnamaldehyde and gold, metal salts, pH, temperature, and light sources, were investigated. UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light-scattering measurements revealed that heat influenced the nanoparticle formation in the presence of cinnamaldehyde, and as produced cinnamaldehyde immobilized on gold nanoparticles were spherical, monodispersed, and stable by surface charge. CGNPs containing 0.01% cinnamaldehyde by weight exhibited effective biofilm inhibition of up to >80% against Gram positive bacteria (methicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains of <I>Staphylococcus aureus,</I> MSSA and MRSA, respectively) and Gram negative (<I>Escherichia coli</I> and <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>) and a fungus <I>Candida albicans</I>. In addition, CGNPs attenuated the virulence of <I>C. albicans</I> by inhibiting hyphae formation. Based on observations of their antibiofilm effects and confocal microscopy findings, CGNPs caused biofilm damage by direct contact. Thus, cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising reduction material for the eco-friendly, one-pot synthesis of CGNPs with excellent antibiofilm activity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> One-pot, cinnamaldehyde gold nanoparticle complexes (CGNPs) were produced. </LI> <LI> Heat plays predominant role in metal salt reduction with cinnamaldehyde. </LI> <LI> CGNPs exhibited antibiofilm activity against pathogens including fungi. </LI> <LI> Cinnamaldehyde is a potent reductant for nanoparticle synthesis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Development of gold nanoparticles coated with silica containing the antibiofilm drug cinnamaldehyde and their effects on pathogenic bacteria

Ramasamy, Mohankandhasamy,Lee, Jin-Hyung,Lee, Jintae DOVE MEDICAL PRESS 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.12 No.-

<P>Emerging resistance to antibiotics is a mounting worldwide health concern and increases the need for nonantibiotic strategies to combat infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens. In this study, the authors used the antibiofilm activity of the naturally occurring antimicrobial cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) conjugated to the surface of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to deliver CNMA efficiently and eradicate biofilms of Gram-negative organisms (enterohemorrhagic <I>Escherichia coli</I> O157:H7, and <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>), Gram positive (methicillin-sensitive <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> organisms, and methicillin-resistant <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>) bacteria. CNMA-GNPs containing 0.005% (v/v) of CNMA were found to inhibit biofilm formation efficiently. The distributions of nanoparticles in biofilm cells and their biofilm disruption activities, including distorted cell morphology, were determined by transmission electron microscopy. In addition to their antibiofilm activities, CNMA-GNPs attenuated <I>S. aureus</I> virulence and protected <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> (<I>C. elegans</I>) worms. Here, the authors report the antibiofilm effects of CNMA-GNPs and suggest that they could be used to treat pathogenic bacterial infections in vivo.</P>

Outstanding Antibiofilm Features of Quanta-CuO Film on Glass Surface

Tripathy, Nirmalya,Ahmad, Rafiq,Bang, Seung Hyuck,Khang, Gilson,Min, Jiho,Hahn, Yoon-Bong American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.24

<P>Intelligently designed surface nanoarchitecture provides defined control over the behavior of cells and biomolecules at the solid liquid interface. In this study, CuO quantum dots (quanta-CuO; similar to 3-5 nm) were synthesized by a simple, low-temperature solution process and further formulated as paint to construct quanta-CuO thin film on glass. Surface morphological characterizations of the as-coated glass surface reveal a uniform film thickness (similar to 120 +/- 10 nm) with homogeneous distribution of quanta-CuO. The antibiofilm assay showed a very high contact bacteria-killing capacity of as coated quanta-CuO glass surfaces toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This efficient antibacterial/antibiofilm activity was ascribed to the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the quanta-CuO attached to the bacterial cells, which leads to an oxidative assault and finally results in bacterial cell death. Although there is a significant debate regarding the CuO nanostructure's antibacterial mode of action, we propose both contact killing and/or copper ion release killing mechanisms for the antibiofilm activity of quanta-CuO paint. Moreover, synergism of quanta-CuO with conventional antibiotics was also found to further enhance the antibacterial efficacy of commonly used antibiotics. Collectively, this state-of-the-art design of quanta-CuO coated glass can be envisioned as promising candidates for various biomedical and environmental device coatings.</P>

Investigation of thermal, antibacterial, antioxidant and antibiofilm properties of PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposites for biomedical applications

Muhammad Shabbir Shakir,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Muhammad Saeed,Tanveer Hussain Bokhari,Muhammad Abid Zia 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.11

The Present study deals with synthesis of PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposites with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of particle size less than 50 nm by sonication and solution casting techniques. After characterization, such nanocomposite materials were subjected to thermal study, antibiofilm, antibacterial and antioxidant screening. Nanocomposites films showed higher thermal stability than pure polymer matrix loaded with different ZnO-Nps concentration with homogeneous distribution. Antibacterial studies were carried out against selected gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Selective antibiofilm activity was studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which showed a higher to lower activity as a model pathogenic strains (~93 and ~89 at 160 g/ml concentration, respectively), while free radical scavenging capacity was assessed by DPPH, ABTH·+ and FRAP methods. PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposite showed larger zones of inhibition and higher antibiofilm and antioxidant activity than PVC/ABS polymer matrix. PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposite showed enhanced thermal stability and biological properties that qualify them for different biomedical and industrial applications.

Antibiofilm agents: A new perspective for antimicrobial strategy

Xi-Hui Li,이준희 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.10

Biofilms are complex microbial architectures that attach to surfaces and encase microorganisms in a matrix composed of self-produced hydrated extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). In biofilms, microorganisms become much more resistant to antimicrobial treatments, harsh environmental conditions, and host immunity. Biofilm formation by microbial pathogens greatly enhances survival in hosts and causes chronic infections that result in persistent inflammation and tissue damages. Currently, it is believed over 80% of chronic infectious diseases are mediated by biofilms, and it is known that conventional antibiotic medications are inadequate at eradicating these biofilm-mediated infections. This situation demands new strategies for biofilm-associated infections, and currently, researchers focus on the development of antibiofilm agents that are specific to biofilms, but are nontoxic, because it is believed that this prevents the development of drug resistance. Here, we review the most promising antibiofilm agents undergoing intensive research and development.

Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities of Fatty Acids

Afreen JAILANI,Ye Seul KIM,Jintae LEE 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Fatty acids (FAs) have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics. Since many microbes respond differently to a variety of natural and synthetic FAs, substantial efforts have been made to understand the unique features of FAs that function as antimicrobials at high doses and biofilm inhibitors at low doses. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging antibiofilm properties of FAs and their relations to virulence and quorum sensing, such as diffusible signal factors (DSFs), acyl-homoserine lactones, and autoinducer-2 systems. Several FAs mimic DSFs and control motility, fimbriae, hyphae, and biofilm development as well as virulence characteristics of diverse microbes. The findings of FAs as antibiofilm and antivirulence agents will provide a new paradigm to cope with recalcitrant pathogens.

Antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of chitosan-polypyrrole nanocomposites to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

Khan, Fazlurrahman,Manivasagan, Panchanathan,Pham, Dung Thuy Nguyen,Oh, Junghwan,Kim, Shin-Kwon,Kim, Young-Mog Elsevier 2019 Microbial pathogenesis Vol.128 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> is an opportunistic human pathogen which exhibits its property of pathogenesis due to several factors, including the formation of biofilm and production of several virulence factors. Development of resistance properties against antibiotics leads to the discovery of certain alternative strategies to combat its pathogenesis. In the present study, a highly stable, biocompatible and water soluble nanocomposites (NCs) are synthesized from chitosan (CS) and the polypyrrole (PPy). The resultant chitosan-polypyrrole nanocomposites (CS-PPy NCs) inhibit the establishment of biofilm and also eradicate the preformed matured biofilm formed by <I>P. aeruginosa</I>. CS-PPy NCs inhibit the hemolytic and protease activities of <I>P. aeruginosa</I>. The NCs significantly reduce the production of many virulence factors such as pyocyanin, pyroverdine and rhamnolipid. CS-PPy NCs also suppress the bacterial motility such as swimming and swarming. The present study showed that highly stable CS-PPy NCs act as a potent antibiofilm and antivirulence drug for the treatment of <I>P. aeruginosa</I> infection.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CS-PPy is a water soluble and highly stable nanocomposites. </LI> <LI> CS-PPy NCs inhibits the formation of biofilm of <I>P. aeruginosa.</I> </LI> <LI> CS-PPy NCs exhibits antihemolytic and antivirulence properties to <I>P. aeruginosa.</I> </LI> <LI> CS-PPy NCs impairs the motilities properties of <I>P. aeruginosa.</I> </LI> <LI> CS-PPy NCs can be used as a potent antibiofilm and antivirulence drug. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Antibiofilm activity of the essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and its major component, geraniol, on the bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus

Eveline Kelle Ursulino Pontes,Hider Machado Melo,Jose´ Walter Arau´ jo Nogueira,Nairley Cardoso Sa´ Firmino,Ma´rio Geraldo de Carvalho,Francisco Eduardo Araga˜o Catunda Ju´nior,Theodora Thays Arruda C 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.3

Medicinal plants with antimicrobial action havebeen investigated for uses against biofilms, among which,Cymbopogon nardus, citronella, stands out as a promisingspecies. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobialand antibiofilm action of the essential oil of C. nardus (EOCN) and geraniol on Gram-negative and positivebacteria from the determination of minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrationand inhibition of biofilms. In the results, the EOCNproduced a 41 mm halo on S. aureus, which was susceptiblewith MIC values of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL for theEOCN and geraniol respectively, both with bactericidaleffect. The antibiofilm action was confirmed, the EOCNand geraniol reduced the biofilm biomass of S. aureus up to100% between 0.5 and 4 mg/mL concentrations. Thereduction of cell viability was 0.25 and 1 mg/mL, ofEOCN and geraniol, respectively. EOCN and geraniol wereshown to be promising antibiotic against S. aureus.