청소년기의 끝은 언제인가?

반건호,유지은,이연정,한주희,이아람,홍민하 한국정신분석학회 2015 精神分析 (Psychoanalysis) Vol.26 No.1

In the past, the human life span has been divided into childhood and adulthood. The importance of education has been evident since the Industrial Revolution, thus, a transitional stage called “adolescence” has emerged. Although adolescence was once consistent with puberty, when the release of hormones increases sharply, the definition of adolescence has been changing with socio-cultural changes. In Korea, social problems related to adolescence, such as suicide, internet gaming, juvenile delinquency, violence, and dropping out of school, are increasing. Apart from external problems, internal problems such as Japanese Hikkikomori are also increasing. With these changes, there is an important need to discuss the nature of adolescence. Whereas childhood is the stage that requires care-giving, adolescence is the stage when duty and responsibility emerge. In late adolescence, there is a transition period into adulthood and participation in society. Currently, as the importance of adolescence has been highlighted from various sectors, “the endpoint of the adolescence” is a stimulating theme in the psychiatric field. From a neuro-biological perspective, a greater understanding of adolescence becomes more important to solve adolescents’ emotional problems and for the legal demarcation of adolescence related to school violence and juvenile delinquency. If adolescence is not just the transition stage between childhood and adulthood, the exact endpoint for adolescence should be determined. Therefore, in this article we try to define the stage of adolescence in modern society from various approaches, including the historical background, the process of changes in the definition, and psycho-socio-bio-cultural aspects.

캐나다 청소년, 캐나다 한인 청소년 및 한국 청소년 간 부모권위유형 인식 및 기독교 신앙 상태에 따른 가족 강인성

전요섭 한국청소년학회 2007 청소년학연구 Vol.14 No.2

This research is to clarify that family hardiness is promoted by parental authority style and the Christian faith of Korean adolescence, Korean adolescence in Canada, and Canadian adolescence. The results of this research will provide the materials for parents' counseling of their adolescence children. This research was conducted with 344 Korean adolescence in high school, 317 Korean adolescence in Canada, and 308 Canadian adolescence(grade 10-12). Total participants are 969 people. The questionnaires for this survey contain 50 questions in two kinds of questionnaires. The tools of investigation were (1) the parental authority style(30 questions), and (2) the family hardiness(20 questions). Also, questionnaires of the parental authority style and the family hardiness were translated from English into Korean by this research. ANOVA, t-test and the Scheffe' test were conducted by utilizing SPSS WIN12. The results of this study were as follows; firstly, there were statistically significant differences among Korean adolescence, Korean adolescence in Canada, and Canadian adolescence in parental authority variances and Christian faith styles, secondly, there were statistically significant differences among Korean adolescence, Korean adolescence in Canada, and Canadian adolescence in family hardiness and Christian faith styles. Also, lastly, there were statistically significant differences among Korean adolescence, Korean adolescence in Canada, and Canadian adolescence in family hardiness and parental authority variances. 본 연구는 캐나다 청소년, 캐나다에 거주(이민·유학)하는 한인 청소년 그리고 한국 청소년 간에 부모권위유형 인식 및 기독교신앙상태(유무)에 따른 가족강인성에 대한 인식에 대한 차이를 분석해보고자 한다. 이를 통하여 이민·유학 가정의 청소년 자녀상담 및 부모의 양육태도에 기여할 수 있는 자료를 제공하는 것이 목적이다. 연구대상은 캐나다 청소년(10-12학년) 308명, 캐나다 한인 청소년 317명, 그리고 한국 청소년(고등학교 1-3학년) 344명으로 총 969명이었다. 본 연구에서 나타난 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 캐나다 청소년, 캐나다에 거주하는 한인 청소년 및 한국 청소년들이 지각하는 부모의 권위유형에 대한 인식은 지위상태와 기독교신앙상태에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있었는데, 결과는 매우 복합적이었다. 허용적 태도에 대한 인식에서 아버지의 경우는 지위상태에 따른 차이만 검증되었으나, 어머니의 경우는 신앙상태와 지위상태가 상호작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 독재적 권위유형과 신뢰적 권위유형에 대한 인식에서는 부모 모두 신앙상태와 지위상태가 상호작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 캐나다 청소년, 캐나다에 거주하는 한인 청소년 및 한국 청소년들이 지각하는 가족강인성은 지위상태와 신앙상태에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 캐나다 청소년과 캐나다 한인 청소년의 경우는 기독교신앙을 갖지 않은 경우에 가족강인성에 대한 인식이 높지만 한국 청소년의 경우는 신앙을 가진 경우가 가족강인성에 대한 인식이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 캐나다 청소년, 캐나다에 거주하는 한인 청소년 및 한국 청소년들이 지각하는 부모의 권위유형에 대한 인식수준에 따라 가족강인성에 유의미한 차이가 검증되었는데 허용적, 신뢰적 양육태도는 가족강인성을 높일 수 있는 요인임을 알 수 있었다.

청소년의 삶의 목적, 영적안녕, 자아개념 및 자아존중감과의 관계

강은실 ( Kang Eun Sil ) 한국정신간호학회 2003 정신간호학회지 Vol.12 No.3

N/A This study was carried out to identify the relationships of Purpose in lift, Self-esteem and Spiritual well-being of adolescence. Design of the research was correlational study. Objects of the study were 215 high school students in M city of Korea. Data was collected from 7th Nov. 1999 to 12th April, 1999 using by structured questionaire. Inventories of the study were PIL(Purpose in Life) scale developed by Crumbaugh & Maholick(1969), Self-concept scale by Lee & Won(1995), Rosenberg`s self-esteem scale translated by Choi(1972), spiritual well-being scale developed by Paloutzian & Ellison, translated by Choi(1990). Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson`s correlation using SPSS?PC 10.0 program. The results were as follow : 1. Mean value of purpose in life(87.14), Spiritual well-being(41.31), Self-concept(107.12), Self-esteem(37.91) of adolescence were low. 2. Relationships of the Purpose in life, Spiritual well-being Self-concept and Self-esteem of adolescence. Purpose in life of adolescence are positive relationships with Spiritual well-being(r=.355, P= .000), Self-concept(r=.488, P= .000) and Self-esteem of adolescence(r=.499, P= .000). Self-concept of adolescence are positive relationships with Purpose in life(r=.488, .000), Spiritual well-being(r=.141, P= .041) and Self-esteem of adolescence(r=.753, P= .000). Self-esteem of adolescence are positive relationships with Purpose in life(r=.459, P= .000), Self-concept of adolescence (r=.753, P= .000). Spiritual well-being of adolescence are positive relationships with Purpose in lift(r=.355, P=.000), Self-concept of adolescence(r=.141, P= .041). In conclusion. Purpose in life of adolescence are positive relationships with Spiritual well-being Self-concept and Self-esteem of adolescence. Therefore, development of program to increase Purpose in life of the adolescence will be necessary.

청소년 왕따와 폭력 그리고 자살문제 -이미지 착오와 편견극복을 위한 교육적 대안-

오성주 한국기독교교육학회 2013 기독교교육논총 Vol.34 No.-

There have been many approaches to resolve the issues on teenage bullying, school violence and adolescent suicide problems by professionals, authorities and scholars in Korea. However most studies on these issues are fixated on specific adolescent period and discuss only on biological peculiarities or psychological attributes fragmentally. These studies tend to lead people to denigrate the problems as a distinct internal characteristic of “adolescence.” To comprehend more accurate account of the issues, we should undertake more diverse and relational approaches and long term studies on the variables that affect the development of the adolescent period instead of other disconnected and restricted short term approaches. In fact, today’s issues on Korean adolescent cannot be separated from the general tendence of current post-modern culture. Korean teenagers are right in the middle of the influence of current post-modern culture and they have their unique expression of life which is different from the traditional modern culture. For that reason, this paper focuses on the demand of apprehend Korean adolescence with the careful consideration of post-modern sociocultural attributes on them. Moreover, this paper points out the significant effects of internet games and smart phone amongst many other post-modern sociocultural attributes upon Korean adolescence. From the early elementary school life, most adolescences are excessively exposed to formulate artificial images that don’t include any original meanings and mimic the performance of those fake images by mess media. Those formulating and mimicking false images plays significant role to create the distorted images and prejudice within adolescence. In this paper, the author deliberates the image delusion and prejudice as the most critical factors of Korean adolescence and suggests the alternative educational approach to resolve those issues. 지금까지 한국에서 많은 청소년 연구 학자들이나 전문가들은 청소년 왕따와 폭력문제,그리고 자살문제에 관한 해결책을 위해 다양한 접근들을 시도해 왔다. 그러나 대부분 연구가들은 청소년 문제를 접근함에 있어 특정한 청소년 시기를 정하고 그들의 생물학적 특징이나 발달 심리학적 특성들과 같은 단편적인 주제들에 대해 연구해 왔다. 이러한 청소년 이해를 비추어 청소년의 문제들을 특정한 “청소년기”에 발생하는 내적특성으로 폄하하는 경향이 있다. 좀 더 구체적으로 그 원인들을 파악하기 위해서 우리는 청소년기의 단기적이고 횡적인 연구방법뿐만 아니라 청소년 발달과정에 영향을 주는 주요 변인들과 관련된 장기적이며 다양한 관계적 접근방법이 필요하다. 특히 오늘날 한국에서 청소년 문제란포스트모던의 사회문화의 경향성과 별개로 구별하여 생각할 수 없다. 포스트모던 사회문화에 중심에 있는 청소년들은 이전 모던 사회문화와 다른 색다른 삶의 표현양식을 가지고살아간다. 그러므로 본 논문은 먼저 포스트모던 사회문화적 상황에서 한국 청소년 이해의 필요성을 찾아 볼 것이다. 그리고 오늘날 청소년의 문제에 영향을 주는 많은 요인들 가운데 포스트모던 시대의 사회문화적 영향을 받아 생성된 요인들로 인터넷 게임과 스마트폰의 영향을 지적하고자 한다. 특히 초등학교 때부터 영상매체에 의한 이미지와 기호에 익숙한청소년들은 의미를 상실한 표면적 이미지 모방이나 재현을 통해 현실의 착오와 편견작용이 일어나고 있다. 이런 맥락에서 이글의 목적은 청소년 문제의 중요한 요인으로 이미지착오와 편견의 상호작용을 살펴보고 편견극복을 위한 교육적 대안을 제시하는데 있다.

청소년 집단지도의 효율성 제고를 위한 집단역동의 원리와 기법 고찰

곽형식 慶山大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

Group activity is a medium assisted ability improvement and self realization through nature development of adolescence. Adolescence can multiple ability learning through group activity. That is received to opportunity of a growth worthy of man through learning attitude community life and skill familiar, experience of spontaneously learning, improvement of social adaptability, satisfactory human relationship, behavior tolerance. However, adolescences humanity is able to changed according to purpose of group activity. Various faculty of group activity is necessary for group is maintained with social organization by activity of various kinds for achievement of group purpose. Also Various faculty of group is assistanted for group membership live to human life and final purpose of these faculty is educational effect for group membership. This article was treated to the principle and technique of group dynamics for efficiency raise of adolescence group guidance by study on achievement reasonable and effectively to beforehand purpose. Group dynamics defined that compound group and dynamics, it is a concept some kind dynamics influence exist within group, and that is domain attempt some change group behavior from understanding in the dynamics of group to various condition effect group function and behavior. Also group dynamics take for domain with investigate reasonable various problem about group. And the peculiarity of group dynamics arrange four, the important function adjust two of the maintenance function of group and the goal achievement function of group. It establish four that is the hypothesis of group dynamics and fundamental proposition, the principle of group dynamics summarize fourteen, Simultaneously it is following that various technique of group dynamics for efficiency raise of adolescence group guidance. First, that is discussion processes technique ① Symposium ② Seminar ③ Panel ④ Small Group Round Table Discussion ⑤ Huddle Group Discussion. Second, that is communication processes techniques ① Brainstorming ② Role Playing ③ Sociometry ④ Sensitivity Training. Generally guidance methods of adolescence activity is two methods, that is individual guidance methods and group guidance methods. Group guidance methods is main methods for adolescence activity because most of adolescence activity promote group activity training. Therefore, it consider desirable experience that apply to group dynamics principle and technique of conceretely guidance methods for enhance adolescence group guidance effects.

청소년의 자살의도, 우울, 영적 안녕과의 관계

강은실 ( Eun Sil Kang ),송양숙 ( Yang Sook Song ),조향숙 ( Hang Suk Cho ),강성년 ( Sung Nyun Kang ) 한국정신간호학회 2004 정신간호학회지 Vol.13 No.2

N/A This study was carried out to identify the relationships of suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence in Korea. Design of the study was correlational study. Objects of the study were 423 adolescences of high school students of 5 cities in Korea, Data was collected from April, 2003 to July, 2003 using structured questionnaire. Research tools of this study were SSI(scale for suicidal ideation) developed by Beck(1979), BDI(Beck depression inventory) translated by Lee(1993), scale for spiritual well-being of Paloutzian & Ellison translated by Choi(1990) Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson`s correlational coefficients with SPSS/PC 11.0 program. The results of the study were as follow : 1. Mean value of suicidal ideation(25.93) of adolescences were moderate level, depression(12.48) was low, spiritual wll-being(75.35) was high. 2. Relationships of the suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence. Suicidal ideation of adolescence was positive relationships with depression(r=.628, p= .000), suicidal ideation of adolescence was negative relationships with spiritual well-being(r=-.329, p= .000). In conclusion, it was found that depression of adolescence was incline to increase suicidal ideation, spiritual well-being to decrease suicidal ideation of adolescence. Therefore, development of counseling and guidance program to increase spiritual well-being of the adolescence was suggested.

청소년 호칭의 역사에 관한 연구 - 청소년 호칭 유형과 의미 변화를 중심으로 -

최윤진 한국청소년학회 2008 청소년학연구 Vol.15 No.7

The purpose of this study is to find out a proper term for young people in this post modern period by reviewing different approaches of scholarly works and changing historical perspectives on youth. Historically, there has been many terms for young people such as adolescence, youth, puberty, teenager and etc. Biological- psychologists, taking developmental perspective, regard 'adolescence' and 'puberty' as a stage in development unique to humans, the function of which is the preparation for adulthood. However, advocates who takes new socio-cultural perspectives of young people came to strongly question the developmental model of adolescence, and suggested that there is no single and universal experience or understanding of young people. The terms 'youth' and 'teenager' are more closely related to this socio-cultural perspectives. The largely agrarian world of pre-industrial society kept young people in a condition of semi-dependence. In this period, the term youth was more pervasively applied to people in this semi-dependent condition. The semidependence that previously had characterized 'youth' in the pre-industrial society gave away to even more depencence that characterized 'adolescence' in industrial society. In conclusion, in the twenty-first century, developmental models of 'adolescence' which have viewed as a stage of life characterized by dependency bring into question whether or not the historical concept has as much as uniformity as some experts implied it had in the twentieth century. Therefore, we need a new conceptual model for young people, which illustrates changing attitudes toward young people. 본 연구에서는 청소년 호칭의 유형과 의미 변화에 대한 분석을 통해서 청소년 및 청소년기에 대한 관점이 역사적으로 어떻게 변해왔는지 알아보고, 현 시대 청소년 호칭의 적합성을 진단해 보는데 주요 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 학문적 접근 방식 및 시대변화에 따른 청소년 호칭의 변화와 차이를 문헌 분석을 통해서 알아보았다. 주요 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 청소년을 지칭하는 여러 호칭 중에서 현시대까지 전 세계적으로 통용되는 대표적인 호칭들은 청소년(adolscence, youth), 사춘기(puberty), 십대(teenager)등을 들 수 있는데, 학문적 접근 방식과 관련해서는 청소년(adolescence)과 사춘기(puberty)의 개념이 주로 심리, 생리, 발달론의 학문 영역에서 창출되고 통용된 개념인데 반해서, 청소년(youth), 십대(teenager)의 개념은 사회문화론 등 사회적으로 규정되어지는 역할, 지위, 문화양상의 특징과 연계되어 출현하고 발전되어온 호칭들임을 알 수 있다. 또한 시대별 청소년 호칭 변화와 관련해서는 전산업사회에는 반자립적 시기의 의미를 지닌 youth의 개념이 근대산업사회에 들어와 완전 의존적 시기로 변하면서 adolescence의 개념으로 변해왔음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 주요결과에 근거해서 청소년 호칭은 시대상황에 따라 변해왔으며 오늘날 통용되는 청소년(adolescence)의 개념은 사회적 의존성 및 발달론 적 관점에 근거한 근대산업사회의 산물이며, 현시대 후기 산업사회에서의 청소년의 삶과 사회적 역할 등에 비추어 볼 때, 청소년을 지칭하는 호칭으로서의 한계를 보여주고 있으며, 따라서 현시대에 걸 맞는 새로운 호칭의 정립이 필요함을 시사해주고 있다.

청소년의 자살의도와 우울, 영적안녕과의 관계

강은실,조향숙,송양숙,강성연 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2003 전인간호과학연구 학술모음집 Vol.2 No.-

This study was carried out to identify the relationships of suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence in Korea. Design of the study was correlational study. Objects of the study were 423 adolescences of high school students of 5 cities in Korea. Data was collected from April, 2003 to July, 2003 using structured questionnaire. Research tools of this study were SSI(Scale for Sucidal Ideation) developed by Beck(1979), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory) translated by Lee(1993), scale for spiritual well-being of Paloutzian & Ellison translated by Choi( 1990) Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation with SPSS/PC 11.0 program. The results were as follow : 1. Mean value of sucidal ideation (25.93)of adolescence were moderate level, depression( 12.48) of adolescence was moderate, spiritual well-being(75.35) was high. 2. General characteristics statistically related to the suicidal ideation are sex(t-3.655, p= .05), grade(F=4.71, p= .009), department of school(t=2.98, p= .003), relationship of friends (F=13.65, p= .000), girl(boy)(F=7.80, p= .000), experience of school violence injury (t=2.23, p= .026), school records(F=-4.50, p= .001), smoking(F=19.98, p=.000), drinking(F=14.29, p=.000), trial sucide (t=9.92, p= .000), disease of physical (t=3.74, p= .000), economical levels of family (F=7.31, p= .001), marital status of parents(F=2.65, p= .048), atmosphere at home (F=8.65, p= .000), conversation with father(F=3.87, p= .009), conversation of mether( F=4.64, p= .003). 3. Relationships of the suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence. Suicidal ideation of adolescence was positive relationships with depression (r=.628, p= .000), suicidal ideation of adolescence was negative relationships with spiritual well-being(r=-.380, p= .000). In conclusion, it was found that depression of adolescence was incline to increase sucidal ideation, spiritual well-being to decrease sucidal ideation of adolescence. Therefore, development of counseling and guidance program to increase spiritual well-being of the adolescence was suggested.

청소년 발달특성 문제에 관한 기독교 영성과 상담심리의 통합적 접근

오윤선 ( Yoon Sun Oh ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2008 복음과 상담 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study is to Integration of Spirituality and Christian Counseling for development problems in adolescence. Adolescent society changes quickly and most adults find themselves out of touch with contemporary teenagers. In spite of the changes and create problems for adolescents regardless of times in which they live. The growth spurt, skin problems, excess fat, changes in body hair, lowering of voice pitch, and other physical changes can each influence Adolescent psychologically. Even when they are expecting the sexual changes of adolescence, most adolescence experience anxiety over the physical changes in their bodies, the increasing erotic impulses within, and the confusion about sexual behavior. adolescence is a time when there are changes in relationships with parents, peers, and others in society. Prior to adolescence, the young person may accept parental standards with little question or challenge. adolescence, as we have seen, is a period of growth into maturity. limitation of dynamic and other schools of Counseling in it’s application to current christian counseling practice and suggested for adolescence. Therefore, the Integration of Spirituality and Christian Counseling by the author, should be developed further theologically and technically. At times, these parental attitudes are really a cover for underlying insecurity and anxiety. Counseling in these areas could be helpful, but there is also value in helping parents grow spiritually, develop biblical values, and live a consistent Christian lifestyle. This Kind of counseling benefits both the parents and the family members who are helped indirectly.

청소년의 자살의도와 우울,영적안녕과의 관계

강은실(Kang Eun Sil),조향숙(Cho Hyang Suk),송양숙(Song Yang Sook),강성년(Kang Sung Nyun) 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2003 전인간호과학학술지 Vol.2 No.-

This study was carried out to identify the relationships of suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence in Korea. Design of the study was correlational study. Objects of the study were 423 adolescences of high school students of 5 cities in Korea. Data was collected from April, 2003 to July, 2003 using structured questionaire. Research tools of this study were SSI(Scale for Sucidal Ideation) developed by Beck (1979), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory) translated by Lee(1993), scale for spiritual well-being of Paloutzian & Ellison translated by Choi(1990) Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA , Pearson s correlation with SPSS/PC 11.0 program. The results were as follow; 1.Mean value of sucidal ideation (25.93)of adolescence were moderate level,depression(12.48) of adolescence was moderate, spiritual well-being(75.35) was high. 2.General characteristics statistically related to the suicidal ideation are sex(t=3.655, p= .05),grade(F=4.71, p=.009),department of school (t=-2.98, p=.003),relationship of friends (F= 13.65,p= .000), girl(boy)(F-7.80, p= .000),experience of school violence injury (t=2.23, p= .026), school records(F=4.50,p= .001),smoking(F= 19.98, p=.000), drinking(F=14.29, p=.000), trial sucide (t=9.92, p= .000),disease of physical (t=3.74, p= .000), economical levels of family(F=7.31, p= .001),marital status of parents (F=2.65, p= .048), atmosphere at home (F=8.65,p= .000),conversation with father(F=3.87, p= .009), conversation of mether( F=4.64, p= .003). 3.Relationships of the suicidal ideation,depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence. Suicidal ideation of adolescence was positive relationships with depression (r=.628, p= .000), suicidal ideation of adolescence was negative relationships with spiritual well-being (r=- .380, p=.000). In conclusion, it was found that depression of adolescence was spiritual well-being to decrease sucidal ideation of adolescence. Therefore, development of counseling and guidance program to increase spiritual well-being of the adolescence was suggested.