Studies on the chromosome numbers and the karyotype of eleven species in five families of Gastropoda in Korea

Gab-Man Park,Oh-Kil Kwon 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1992 環境硏究 Vol.9 No.-

Chromosome numbers are reported for 11 species 5 families of Korean freshwater Gastropoda snails. A cytotexanomic study was observed during spermatogenesis, as well as during cogenesis and mitovic divisions. The chromosome preparations were made on gonad by the usual air-drying method of Kligerman and Bloom(1997) slightly modified by the present author. The results obtained in the present study are summaried as follows: In Viviparidae, C. chinensis malleata chromosome numbers of 18(2n) was counted. The chromosome complement of C. chinensis malleata consists of two pairs of metacentric and seven pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. In Bithyniidae. P. manchuricus chromosome numbers of 34(2n) was counted and the mototic chromosome complement showed three pairs of meta-, ten pairs of submata- and four pairs of telocentric chromosomes. In Pleurocaridae, chromosome numbers of six species containing genus Semisulcospira were counted 18 pairs, The mitotic chromosome complement of S.livertina consists of nine pairs of meta-, eight pairs of submeta- and one pair of telocentric. six pairs of meta-, eleven pairs of submeta- and one pair of telocentric in S. gottschei, nine pairs of meta- and nine pairs of submeta-chromosomes in S. forticosta and S. tegulata, seven pairs of meta-, ten pairs of submeta- and one pair of telocentric chromosomes in S. coreana, eight pairs of meta-, six pairs of sumeta- and four pairs of telocentric chromosomes in S, sp. In Lymnaeidea, 17 pairs of chromosomes were observed in R. auricularia coreana and 16 pairs in A. ollula. The chromosome complement of R. auricularia coreana consists of five pairs of meta- and twelve pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The chromosome complement of A. olluia consists of five pairs of meta-, nine pairs of summeta- and two pairs of telocentric chromosomes. In Planorbidae, chromosome numbers of II. cantori was 36(2n) counted. The chromosome complement of II. cantori consists of fourteen pairs of meta- and four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes.

Numerical Chromosome Aberrations in Bladder Cancer Using Non-Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization

Kim, Sae Woong,Cho, Yong-Hyun,Yoon, Moon Soo THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF KOREA 1997 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.25 No.-

Bladder cancers vary greatly in their biological behavior, ranging from superficial to invasive and have stepwise carcinogenetic process. By the development of cytogenetics and molecular genetics, it is generally accepted that numerical aberration and deletion of specific chromosome is closely related with carcinogenetic process. But the conventional cytogenetics have limitations in chromosome study due to metaphase analysis and limited type of probe. Recently in situ hybridization of interphase cells and loss of heterozygosity using microsatellite markers have introduced for the molecular cytogenetic study in paraffin-embedded solid tumor. We performed interphase cytogenetics by non-fluorescent in situ hybridization and microsatellite analysis of 21 cases of bladder cancer in chromosome 7, 9, 17 and long arm of chromosome 9. The results were analyzed to investigate the role of stepwise carcinogenetic process and the relationship between centromeric copy number or loss of heterozygosity and tumor of grade or stage. The results were as follows; 1. Nineteen out of twenty one patients revealed numerical aberration at one or more chromosome. The changes of chromosome number were most frequently found in chromosome 7(15 cases) followed by chromosome 9(13 cases) and 17(11 cases) 2. In the distribution of centromeric copy number for chromosome 7, trisomy was most frequently found and followed by tetrasomy, diasomy, monosomy. In chromose 9, monosomy was most frequently found and followed by diasomy, trisomy, tetrasomy. In chromosome 17, diasomy was frequently found and followed by trisomy, tetrasomy, monosomy. 3. In the relationship between centromeric copy number and tumor of grade or stage, chromosome 7 and 17 were significantely correlated with increasing tumor of grade and stage and chromosome 7 is more strongly correlated than chromosome 17 with tumor grade and stage. Chromosome 9 did not significantely correlated with either grade or stage. Monosomy 9 was even distributed at all grade and stage and polysomy 7 and 17 were frequently found at high grade and stage. Our results suggest that monosomy 9 may be early event in the oncogenesis of bladder cancer and centromeric copy number of 7 and 17 may be highly predictive of bladder tumor aggressiveness. Molecular cytogenetic analysis using in situ hybridization may offer possible role of pathogenesis in bladder cancer.

세포유전검사와 형광동소보합법에 의한 Yq 결실의 산전 진단

박인양 ( In Yang Park ),천소희 ( So Hee Cheon ),김명신 ( Myung Shin Kim ),손정옥 ( Jung Ok Son ),이영 ( Young Lee ),신종철 ( Jong Chul Shin ),김창이 ( Chang Yi Kim ) 대한주산의학회 2004 Perinatology Vol.15 No.4

목적 : 산전 염색체 검사상 표지염색체가 관찰되는 경우 정확한 진단을 위한 지침이 설정되어 있지 않다. 본 연구를 통해 표지염색체의 기원을 알기 위한 순차적인 진단적 접근 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 방법 : 월경주기와 임신 첫 삼분기 초음파 검사상 제태연령 19주인 태아로 모체혈청삼중표지자 검사 소견상 다운 증후군 고위험군 소견을 보여 양수 염색체 검사를 시행하였다. NOR banding을 시행하고, chromosome X α satellite probe (DXZI) & chromosome Y α satellite probe (DYZ3) (Cy-tocell, Bambury, UK)와 CEP X/Y (Xp11.1-q11.1 CEP X α satellite & Yq12 CEP Y satellite III)(Vysis, IL, USA) 두 종류의 성염색체 표지자를 이용하여 형광동소보합법을 시행하였다. 결과 : 염색체 검사 결과 46,X,+mar 소견을 보였다. NOR banding에서 표지염색체는 염색되지 않아 그 기원이 끝곁매듭염색체일 가능성이 적은 것으로 생각되었다. 형광동소보합법 결과 표지염색체에 Y 중심절 signal이 관찰되었고 Yq12 signal은 관찰되지 않아 Yq11.2 부분부터 결실이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 색체 검사 시 표지염색체가 관찰되는 경우 NOR banding과 FISH를 이용한 순차적 검사가 보다 효과적 진단 방법으로 생각된다. Objective : The accurate evaluation of a marker chromosome has been limited during prenatal karyo-typing. We proposed a method of step-by-step approach to evaluate the origin of a marker chromosome. Methods : A patient with 19 weeks of gestation was transferred to our hospital for karyotyping due to abnormal Triple test. Karyotyping of amniotic fluid was performed. NOR (nucleolar organizer region) banding and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) using two types of sex chromosome probes: chromosome X α satellite probe (DXZI) & chromosome Y α satellite probe (DYZ3)(Cytocell, Bambury, UK) and CEP X/Y (Xp11.1-q11.1 CEP X α satellite & Yq12 CEP Y satellite III)(Vysis, IL, USA) were done. Results : The routine chromosomal analysis showed 46,X,+mar. As the result of NOR banding, we supposed that the marker chromosome was less likely originated from acrocentric chromosomes. FISH analysis revealed Y centromere signal on marker chromosome, but Yq12 signal was not detected. Therefore the marker chromosome was identified as Y chromosome formed by deletion at Yq11.2. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that FISH and NOR banding technique is more effective method for a marker chromosome evaluation during prenatal karyotyping.

Annotation of the Y chromosome-encoded proteins in human, chimpanzee, and mouse

Deivendran Rengaraj 한국수정란이식학회 2016 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

The Y chromosome is a type of sex chromosome existing primarily in male mammalian species. The Y chromosome passes through the male gamete and determines male sex in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. The mammalian Y chromosome varies from the X chromosome and the rest of the chromosomes primarily by size and its male sex-determining/spermatogenesis function. In the Y chromosome, male sex-determining function is exclusively located on the short arm, while the spermatogenesis function is distributed widely on the short and long arm. Deletions or mutations particularly in the male-specific region of Y chromosome (MSY) may cause male infertility. During the last few decades, researchers put forth an enormous effort to discover Y chromosome specific genes, and their encoded RNAs and proteins in humans, primates, and rodents. As a result, most of the genes and encoded proteins responsible for male-sex determination, testis development, and spermatogenesis have been discovered in humans, however not well established in non-human primates and rodents. Also, there might be a percent of proteins missing in human Y chromosome. The aim of this study is to annotate the proteins that encoded on the Y chromosome of humans, chimpanzee, and mouse using extensive bioinformatics tools. The human (annotation release 107), chimpanzee (annotation release 103), and mouse (annotation release 105) proteins were first retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) eukaryotic genome annotation resource database. Then, the annotated human proteins (66 proteins) were compared with the core databases of human proteome project such as neXtProt, PeptideAtlas, and the Human Protein Atlas. The X-homologous of human Y chromosome-encoded proteins were searched using the NCBI Protein BLAST program. The cellular pathways and protein-protein interactions involving human Y chromosome-encoded proteins were searched using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway mapping database, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and the Pathway Studio software. Finally, the human Y chromosome-encoded protein homologs/orthologs in chimpanzee and mouse were analyzed using the NCBI bl2seq program. This analysis resulted a significant number of homologous/orthologous proteins between human, chimpanzee and mouse. Our findings provide the scientific community with updated information on the Y chromosome-encoded proteins in humans, chimpanzee, and mouse.

흡충류인 간질, 췌질 및 칼리코포론쌍구흡충의 염색체에 관한 연구

장두환,노재욱,강두원,김병기,김성원,Jang, Du-hwan,Noh, Jae-wuk,Kang, Du-weon,Kim, Byung-ki,Kim, Sung-won 대한수의학회 1990 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from Fasciola spp, Eurytrema pancreaticum and Calicophoron calicophorum occurred Korean cattle were egamined using modified air-drying method. To compare their phenotype with three different genotypes among Fasciola spp, the adult and egg si2e were measured since they have been known as important taxonomical characters. The results obtained were as followed; Cattle liver fluke, Fasciola spp were classified into three types based on their chromosomal complements such as individual with 2o chromosome(diploid), 30 chromosome(triploid) and 20/30 mosaic constitution(mixoploid). The propotions of appearance of three types were 40.00%, 54.29% and 5.71%, respectively. The frequency of three types in type I which was regarded as F gigantica were 58.82% for diploid, 35.29% for triploid and 5.88% for mixoploid, but in type II which was regarded as F hepatica were 72.2% for triploid, 22.22% for diploid and 5.56% for mixoploid. Egg length of triploid forms was significantly larger than that of diploid forms and egg size of mixoploid forms was similiar to that of triploid forms. Worm size of triploid forms was larger than that of diploid forms and was more similar to that of mixoploid forms, but the statistical data were not significant. Diploid chromosome consisted of one pair of metacentric chromosome(m), four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes(sm), five pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes(st), while triploid chromosome consisted of one pair of metacentric chromosome, seven pairs of submetacen.tric chromosomes, one pair of subtelocentric chromosome and telocentric chromosome(t), respectively. In mixoploid chromosome, constitution of the chromosomes of diploid or triploid cell was consistent with that of diploid or triploid. Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from pancreatic fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum consisted of 13 pairs of homologs(2n=26, n=13). The mitotic and meiotic divisions were observed frequently. In the mitotic metaphase, Karyotype consisted of five pairs of metacentric chromosomes, four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, three pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes and one pair of telocentric chromosome. Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from stomach fluke, Calicvphoron calicophorum consisted of 9 pairs of homologs(2n=18, n=9). The meiotic divisions was frequently observed, but mitotic divisions was rare. In the mitotic metaphase, Karyotype consisted of two pairs of metacentric chromosomes, three pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and four pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Karyotype of Calicophoron calicophorum differed from that of Japanese C calicophorum which was similar to that of Paramphistomum cervi of Korean cattle. Though that of Calicophoron calicophorum of Korean cattle was similar to that of Paramphistomum explanatum of Korean cattle, that have been recognized to be a different species of fluke.

밀 유전 배경에서 호밀 B 염색체가 감수분열 염색체 접합에 미치는 영향

조성우,Cho, Seong-Woo 한국자원식물학회 2022 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.35 No.5

The effect of rye B chromosome (rye B) on chromosome association was investigated in meiosis of wheat addition line. The wheat addition line was with one Leymus mollis chromosome and one L. racemosus chromosome which are under homoeologous relationship. Chromosome behavior of the two Leymus chromosomes in wheat genetic background was revealed by genomic in situ hybridization. In the first metaphase, most of the two Leymus chromosomes showed univalent in the wheat addition line without rye B (98.1 ± 0.5%). On the other hand, the wheat addition line with rye B showed higher frequency of bivalent (10.3 ± 0.2%) than wheat addition line without rye B (1.9 ± 0.5%). The wheat addition line without rye B showed abnormal bivalents with abnormal structure while the wheat addition line with rye B showed normal bivalent in low frequency. By rye B, some bivalent was composed of wheat and L. racemosus, and some trivalent was composed of wheat bivalents with L. mollis chromosome. Also, some wheat bivalents showed hyper-crossover, so those wheat bivalents showed abnormal structure compared to other wheat bivalents with normal structure such as ring, rod, and pan.

염색체 채색법에 의한 사람과 Mouse의 잡종세포에서 사람염색체의 채색

홍해숙,황성운 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.1

Karyotype and B chromosome variation in Lilium amabile Palibin

Truong Xuan Nguyen,김보람,박두리,김영규,Viet‑Yen Nguyen,나종국,김남수,김종화 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.6

Objective Lilium amabile Palibin (2n = 2x = 24) is an endemic lily species in Korea. B chromosomes are supernumerary chromosomes and the presence of B chromosome in L. amabile was known by previous researches. The current research was conducted to characterize the genetical and cytological features of the B chromosome plants in L. amabile. Methods Karyotype and B chromosome cytotype analyses were carried out among 135 L. amabile accessions that were collected from six geographical locations in Korea using conventional aceto-carmine staining as well as FISH technique with ribosomal RNA gene probes. Results The karyotype of L. amabile genome consisted of two large metacentric, four intermediate subtelocentric, and six intermediate to small acrocentric chromosomes in which chromosomes 1, 6 and 7 carried the 45S rRNA gene loci and chromosome 3 carried the 5S rRNA gene. There were 4 types of B chromosomes, two large B chromosomes and two small B chromosomes. The ribosomal RNA gene loci were not present in the B chromosomes. The 135 accessions were classified into 13 cytotypes including diploids and different B chromosome aneuploids. Among the aneuploids, the most frequent cytotype was 24 + 1B, which was followed by 24 + 2B, 24 + 1b, 24 + 1B + 2b, 24 + 1B + 4b, and 24 + 2B + 4b. Conclusion The karyotype of L. amabile was consistent with other species in the genus Lilium without polyploids. The B chromosome cytotypes were highly variable and the occurrences of different cytotypes were random among the six populations, implying that the B and b chromosome occurrence was random in each population.

Reanalysis of Ohno's hypothesis on conservation of the size of the X chromosome in mammals

Kim, Hyeongmin,Lee, Taeheon,Sung, Samsun,Lee, Changkyu,Kim, Heebal The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.6

In 1964, Susumu Ohno, an evolutionary biologist, hypothesized that the size of X chromosome was conserved in mammalian evolution, and that this was based on chromosomal length. Today, unlike Ohno's method which was based on estimated lengths, we know the exact lengths of some mammalian sequences. The aim of this study was to reanalyze Ohno's hypothesis. In mammalian species, variation in the length of the X chromosome is greater than in the autosomes; however, this variation is not statistically significant. This means that differences in chromosomal length occur equally in the X chromosome and in the autosomes. Interspersed nuclear elements and genetic rearrangements were analyzed to maintain the same variance between the length of the X chromosome and the autosomes. The X chromosome contained fewer short interspersed elements (SINEs) (0.90 on average); however, it did contain more long interspersed elements (LINEs) than did autosomes (1.56 on average). An overall correlation of LINEs and SINEs with genetic rearrangements was observed; however, synteny breaks were more closely associated with LINEs in the autosomes, and with SINEs in the X chromosome. These results suggest that the chromosome-specific activities of LINEs and SINEs result in the same variance between the lengths of the X chromosome and the autosomes. This is based on the function of interspersed nuclear elements, such as LINEs, which can inactivate the X chromosome and the reliance of non-autonomous SINEs on LINEs for transposition.

종양세포(腫瘍細胞)의 염색체(染色體)에 대한 오크라톡신 A의 독성(毒性)에 관한 연구(硏究)

윤화중,노민희,김강련,Yoon, Wha-jung,Roh, Min-hee,Kim, Kang-ryun 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of ochratoxin A (OA) to the chromosomes of $K_{562}$ tumor cell-line in vitro. The results of this experiment were as follows: 1) Chromosomes of $K_{562}$tumor cell-line resulted in pseudotriploidy on the control group. Chromosomes of $K_{562}$ tumor cell-line treated with OA resulted in heteroploidy compared with the control group. The mean number of chromosomes in the karyotype of the control group (60) were 7 in the A group, 5 in the B group, 20 in the C+X group, 7 in the D group, 9 in the E group, 6 in the F group, and 6 in the G+Y group respectively. The number of chromosomes were increased as follows: Treating with $0.7{\mu}M$ OA, the number of chromosomes were increased one in E and F group, two in G+Y group compared with control group. In treated with $1.5{\mu}M$ OA, the increasing number of chromosome was one in E and F group. In treated with $3{\mu}M$ OA, E and F group was increased one and G+Y group were increased two chromosomes compared with control group. But in treated with $6{\mu}M$ OA, the number of chromosome in G+Y group was decreased one. 2) $K_{562}$ tumor cell line treated with OA showed Philadelphia-Chromosome in the long arm of the G group karyotype chromosome. The rate of chromosome aberration in $K_{562}$ tumor cell-line treated with OA was 77% in $0.7{\mu}M$ OA group, 71% in $1.5{\mu}M$ OA group, 82% in $3{\mu}M$ OA group and 94% in $6{\mu}M$ OA group respectively. The rate of chromosome aberration of $K_{562}$ tumor cell-line treated with OA was high in the high dose level of OA, and chromosome aberration of $K_{562}$ tumor cell-line treated with OA showed deletion, minute, dicentric-chromosome and translocation in the long arm of the C-group karyotype. As a result of this study, the toxicity of OA showed deletion, minute, dicentric-chromosome and translocation in the long arm of the C-group karyotype, and then, the toxicity of OA resulted in the damage to RNA and protein synthesis in $K_{562}$ tumor cell-line, and the C-group karyotype of $K_{562}$ tumor cell-line was target of the toxicity of OA.