최근 국내 유입 Vibrio cholerae균 및 1995년도 국내 집단 발생 콜레라의 역학적 양상

김호훈,신영학,강연호,유천권,박미선,김동술,유재연,전정훈,이복권,박기덕,김동진,정태화,이종구,박기동,김상순,이동모,김문식,조병륜 대한감염학회 1996 감염 Vol.28 No.6

목적 : 1992년 이후 국내에 유입, 확인되는 V. cholerae 균은 현격한 증가 추세를 보이고 있으며, 1995년도 국내 집단 발생 콜레라의 역학적 양상이 종래의 경우와 상이한 바 있어 최근의 콜레라균 유입상황과 국내 역학적 특성을 정리하여 향후의 방역 대책에 참고로 하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 국내 유입 V. cholerae 균은 세균학적 방법에 의해 1986-1995년 사이에 확인된 균주를 대상으로 분석하였고, 국내 집단발생 콜레라는 1995년도에 내국인 거주자에게서 진성 콜레라 환자로 구명된 환자를 대상으로 역학적 양상을 살펴보았다. 결과 : 국내 유입 V. cholerae균은 1992년 이후 1995년 사이에 계절과 무관하게 뚜렷한 증가 추세를 보였다. 1995년도 콜레라 국내 집단 발생의 역학적 양상은 초발 환자가 인지되면서 단기간 사이에 지역적 연고가 없는 다양한 지역에서 콜레라 환자 발생이 확인되었다. 환자 발생 지역 내에서는 비교적 소규모 환자 발생에 그쳤고 진성 콜레라 환자로 확인된 환자 중 사망자는 없었으며 남성에서 여성보다 발병율이 높았다. 결론 : V.cholerae O1균의 국내 유입이 최근 현격히 증가되었고, 1994년에는 V. cholerae O139균의 국내유입이 처음으로 확인되었다. 콜레라 환자의 국내 집단 발생 위험은 1992년 이후 증가되었으며 1995년도의 집단 환자 발생은 지역적 연고가 없는 다양한 지역에서 비교적 단기간에 사망자 없이 소규모의 환자 발생양상을 보였다. Background: Imported Vibrio cholerae strains have increasingly been found since 1992 and the pattern of recent cholera epidemic outbreak in Korea showed a little difference from that of former epidemic outbreak. Methods: We had collected suspected V. cholerae isolates from Quarantine Stations or Public Health Laboratories, which were identified as V. cholerae O1 or O139. Epide miological analysis was made on the base of field surveys. Results: During the period from 1986 through 1995, 138 V. cholerae strains were imported. Nearly 85.5% of the strains (118 strains) were imported within recent 4 years from 1992 to 1995. One hundred and twenty-eight strains were E1 Tor-Ogawa type V. cholerae O1, 6 strains were V. cholerae O139 and 4 strains were E1 Tor-Inaba type V. cholerae O1. Of 138 strains, 71 strains were isolated from the airplane toilet swab and 67 strains from the passengers who entered into Korea after international travel. From 1993 to 1995, 101 strains were imported from the Southeast Asian countries; including Thailand(65), Indonesia(17), Philippines(10), Hongkong(6) Singapore(2) and Vietnam(1). During the cholera epidemic in 1995, 68 patients with V. cholerae O1 (E1 Tor-Ogawa) were found. Oneset of the index-case occurred on August 26th and the last on September 13th. Geographically it occurred in Incheon city(25), Chungcheongnam do(25), Kangwon do(6), Kyungsangbuck do(5), Kyunggi do(4), Daejeon city(2) and Pusan city(1). Of total 68 cases, 39 were male. Cases were found in all age groups, but it was more common in elderly groups. During the epidemic, E1 Tor-Ogawa type V. cholerae O1 strains were also isolated from the coastal sea water of Kanghwa kun where the epidemic outbreak occurred. Conclusions: In Korea, the imported V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139 strains have increasingly been found without seasonal variation since 1992. Cholera epidemic outbreak in 1995, occurred simultaneously at many different local areas within a short period without mortality.

플랑크톤 등 해양생물체 및 연안 해,하수에 대한 콜레라균 오염도 및 서식가능성 연구

이복권,강연호,김준영,김성한 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

The Chemotaxonomic Relationship of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 by Fatty Acid Compositions

Hee-Kyung Seong,Won-Jae Lee,Dong-Suck Chang 한국식품위생안전성학회 1998 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.13 No.2

V. cholerae non-O1 49균주와 V. cholerae O1, V. mimicus, V. vulnificus와 V. parahaemolyticus의 균체지방산(fatty acid methyl ester; FAME)을 gas liquid chromatogrphy로 분석하였다. 이들 분석자료를 통계학적으로 처리하여 Vibrio 종과 V. cholerae의 혈청형별 유연성을 비교 검토하였다. 검출된 지방산은 모두 41종이었고 분포량이 많은 것은 16:0, 16:1 cis 9, 18:1 trans 9/16/cis 11과 15:0 iso 2 OH/16:1 cis 9 였다. 검출된 지방산 중에서도 35종은 V. cholerae를 동정하는데 주요한 인자로 작용되었다. 지방산분포를 UPGMA(비가중수리분석)으로 dendrogram을 작성한 결과 V. cholerae non-O1은 V cholerae O1보다 V mimieus가 더 높은 유사도를 나타내었다. 특히 hydoxy acid는 V. chozerae의 아종단위를 동정하는데 중요하였다. V. choEeore non-O1중에서 O2, O5, O8, O10, O14, O27, O37, O39, O45와 O69의 총 10 종류 혈청형을 대상으로 지방산 조성에 의 한 유사성을 검토한 결과 유사도가 92% 이상 수준에서 7개의 아종를 형성하여 혈청형과 지방산 조성간에는 유의할 만한 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 V. cholerne non-O1의 동정 및 역학적인 조사시 지방산 분석은 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The authors attempted utilization of fatty acid composition of vibrios as a tool for identification of the strains. Fatty acid of 49 strains of Vibrio cholerae non-01, V. cholerae 01, V. mimicus, V. vulinificus and V. parahaemolyticus was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography column. According to the statistical analysis of the fatty acid data, the relationship between the Vibrio species and serotypes of the strains was discussed. Forty one kinds of fatty acid were de- tected from the tested strains and 35 kinds of fatty acids among the detected fatty acids were significant factors to identify the vibrios. The predominant fatty acids were 16:0, 16:l cis 9, 18:l trans 9/6/cis 11 and 150 is0 20H/16:1 cis 9 as above about 20% in total. Fatty acid compositions of the Vibrio species were an important factor in identifylng their subspecies either predominant fatty acids or minor ones. According to the analysed results by a conventional statistical pro- cessing method (UPGMA) and prepared dendrogram, V. cholerae non-01 had more closer re- lationship with v. mimicus compared with v. cholerae 01. Moreover, the distribution of hydroxy acid was a significant factor for identifying V. cholerae subspecies. Comprising all the 10 sero- types detected from V. cholerae non-01 examined such as 0 2 , 05, 08, 010, 014, 027, 037, 039, 045 and 069, we could group them into seven subspecies by cluster analysis with the similarity value of fatty acid composition as above 92%. It means that there is a significant relationship between serotypes and fatty acid composition of V . cholerae. These results indicated that num- erical analysis of fatty acid composition data of V. cholerae non-01 could classify them into sub- species, and also which may provide a useful epidemiologic information or a basis for further analysis such as PCR and DNA probe analysis.

Characterization of Phylogenetic Incongruence among Protein Coding Genes of Vibrio Strains Pathogenic to Humans

조영근,Zo, Young-Gun The Microbiological Society of Korea 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Vibrio cholerae균은 자연적으로 외부 유전자를 받아들이는 능력이 있으므로, 종간 수평적 유전자 전달 작용(LGT)을 받을 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 인체에 질병을 일으키는 3종의 비브리오균 사이에서 일어나는 LGT 현상의 정량적 측면들을 분석하였다. V. cholerae N16961, V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633, V. vulnificus CMCP6, Escherichia coli K12 substrain MG1655의 유전체 염기서열을 분석하여 4개의 유전체에 모두 존재하는 단백질 발현 유전자들의 4개 일조를 결정하였다. 각 조의 4개 유전자의 계통수를 작성하는 분석을 통하여, 다른 조들 간의 계통성의 일치성과 불일치성을 결정하고, 수직적 계통성과 수평적 계통성을 구분하였다. 약 70%의 조에서 계통수가 확정될 수 있었으며, 그 중 75%는 서로 일치하는 계통성을 보였고, 25%는 LGT 계통수를 보였다. 이 결과에 따르면, 비브리오균의 LGT는 다른 세균 분류균의 속보다는 과단위에서 발생하는 빈도의 LGT계통수를 보였다. 염색체별로 관찰하였을 때, 유전자 제공자별로 LGT가 집중되는 현상이 일부 관찰되었고, V. cholerae 균주의 작은 염색체에서는 염색체의 약 절반 길이에 해당하는 부분에서 제공자별 LGT 위치들이 집중되는 현상을 보였다. 이런 결과는 유전자 제공자에 따라 선택성이 반복적으로 작용하거나, 대규모의 LGT가 있다는 가설을 수립하게 하였으며, 유전자 제공자별로 LGT 유전형질이 선택성을 띄게 되는 원인과 그 현상이 비브리오균의 진화에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구의 필요성을 제시하였다. Lateral gene transfer (LGT) of genes from other bacteria into Vibrio cholerae is expectable because of the pronounced natural competence of the bacterium. In this study, quantitative aspects of LGT among the three species of Vibrio pathogenic to humans were characterized. Genome sequences of V. cholerae N16961, V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633, V. vulnificus CMCP6, and Escherichia coli K12 substrain MG1655 were analyzed to determine orthologous quartets of protein coding genes present in all four genomes. Phylogenetic analyses on the quartets were conducted to resolve vertical versus lateral patterns of gene polymorphisms based on congruence versus incongruence of phylogenetic trees. About 70% of the quartets could be resolved as either cohesive topology (75%) or LGT tree topologies (25%). The amount of LGT genes in Vibrio spp. appeared to be abnormally high for a genus and comparable to those of families. Patched distributions of LGT from different donors were observed on a chromosome. In the small chromosome of V. cholerae, physical linkages among LGT loci spanned half the length of the chromosome. Either accumulative selection for the donor alleles in LGT or presence of large-scale LGT events was hypothesized. These findings warrant further studies on the nature of donor-specificity of LGT alleles and its influence on evolution of Vibrio virulence to humans.

Influences of Acetic Acid, Lauric Acid and Monolaurine Treatments on Survival of Vibrio cholerae in Refrigerated Flatfish

Lee, Jae-Il,Chung, Byung-Chul,Kim, Chang-Ryoul 한국식품영양학회 1998 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.11 No.6

아세트산, lauric acid, monolaurine 그리고 이의 조합에 의한 침지법을 이용하여 15% 저장 동안 광어의 V. cholerae의 세균수 변화에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 대조구는 증류수에 3분 침지후 실험에 사용하였다. 모든 처리구에서 처리직후 V. cholerae의 세균수는 유의적 (P<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 저장 2일 이후 lauric acid 및 monolaurine의 처리구는 V. cholerae의 수를 감소하는데 있어서 초산의 처리구와 유의적 차이를 나타내었다. 1.0%의 초산에 3분 침지후 0.5% lauric acid로 3분 침지한 처리구는 0.5%의 초산에 3분 침지후 0.5% aluric acid로 3분 침지한 처리구 보다 V. cholerae의 세균수를 유의적 (P<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 0.5%∼1.0%의 초산침지후 0.05% monolaurine으로 3분 침지한 처리구는 저장 3일 이후 V. cholerae에 대한 세균수 감소효과가 나타나지 않았다. The effects of 0.5%∼1.0% acetic acid, 0.5% lauric acid, or 0.5% monolaurine against Vibrio cholerae non 01 in flatfish strips stored at 15% were assessed. Control strips were dipped in distilled water only for 3 min. All treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced the levels of V. cholerae at initial day. The counts of V. cholerae in flatfish treated with either lauric acid or monolaurine were a significantly different (P<0.05) from those of acetic acid treatment after 2 days of storage. The counts of V. cholerae in treatments of 0.5% lauric acid after dipping in 1.0% acetic acid for 3 min were lower than those of treatments with 0.5% lauric acid for 3 min after dipping in 0.5% acetic acid for 3 min. Treatments with 0.5% monolaurine for 3 min were not effective in lowering (P<0.05) the counts of V. cholerae after 3 days compared to the control.

Abundance, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence of pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> strains from molluscan shellfish farms along the Korean coast

Mok, Jong Soo,Ryu, Ara,Kwon, Ji Young,Park, Kunbawui,Shim, Kil Bo Elsevier 2019 MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN Vol.149 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To reduce the outbreaks caused by the major pathogenic <I>Vibrio</I> species, <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I>, <I>V. vulnificus</I>, and <I>V. cholerae</I>, the distribution, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of these <I>Vibrio</I> strains were monitored in shellfish and seawater along the Korean coast. Among the <I>Vibrio</I> strains, <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> was the most abundant species; during summer, this strain showed a substantial increase that correlated with the water temperature. Although >99.0% of the <I>Vibrio</I> species isolates were sensitive to seven antimicrobials recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention for the treatment of <I>Vibrio</I> infections, multiple-antibiotic resistance to at least three antimicrobials was found in 14.3% to 50.0% of each <I>Vibrio</I> species. Among <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> isolates, 14.3% were positive for the <I>trh</I> gene, whereas only 1% was positive for the <I>tdh</I> gene. These results should aid in implementing proper precautions to avoid potential human health risks associated with exposure to pathogenic <I>Vibrio</I> species.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The major <I>Vibrio</I> species are <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I>, <I>V. vulnificus</I>, and <I>V. cholerae</I>. </LI> <LI> <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> was the most abundant strain among the pathogenic <I>Vibrio</I> species. </LI> <LI> More than 99% of <I>Vibrio</I> isolates were sensitive to 7 antibiotics suggested by the CDC. </LI> <LI> The 14.3% to 50.0% of each <I>Vibrio</I> species was resistant to at least three antibiotics. </LI> <LI> Virulent <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> accounted for 14.8% of the isolates </LI> </UL> </P>

간경변증 환자에서 Non-01 Vibrio Cholerae에 의한 패혈증 1예

두창준,이명희,한종학,김재홍,변종훈,김준현,노용호,이진석,정동성 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.1

저자들은 간경병증으로 입원 중인 47세 남자 환자에서 해산물을 생식한 후 발열, 설사, 복통이 발생하고 혈액 배양에서 non -O1 V. cholerae가 분리되었고 조기의 적절한 항생제 투여로 회복되었던 환자 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae(V. cholerae) stains represent a diverse group of organisms which are morphologically and biochemically identical to V. cholerae, but do not agglutinate in V. cholerae O-group 1 antiserum. These strains cause a wider range of infections than the other typical cholera vibrio, including watery diarrhea, dysentery, would infection, ear infection, and septicemia. These strains have been isolated from several extraintestinal sites, including bile, gallbladder, blood, wound, ear drainage, sputum, and cerebrospinal fluid. Frequently, patients infected at these sites are afflicted wlth an underlying disease, such as liver cirrhosis, malignancy, diabetes, or any condition resulting in achlorhydria. Since the non-O1 V. cholerae gastroenteritis is self-limited, antibiotics are not recommended. However, septicemia, wound infection, and deep organ infection should be treated with appropriate antibiotics. These strains were susceptible to cephalothin, tetracycline, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin. We report a case of non-O1 V. cholerae septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. A 47-year-old male with liver cirrhosis complained of fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain upon admission. The day before the onset of symptoms, he had Sushi. Two blood cultures yieled non-O1 V. cholerae. He recovered by antibiotics, cefazolin and gentamicin.

Risk assessment of vibriosis by Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus in whip-arm octopus consumption in South Korea

Oh, Hyemin,Yoon, Yohan,Ha, Jimyeong,Lee, Jeeyeon,Shin, Il-Shik,Kim, Young-Mog,Park, Kwon-Sam,Kim, Sejeong The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2021 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.24 No.6

This study evaluated the risk of foodborne illness from highly pathogenic Vibrio spp. (Vibrio vulnificus and V. cholerae) by raw whip-arm octopus (Octopus minor) consumption. In total 180 samples of raw whip-arm octopus were collected from markets and examined for the prevalence of V. vulnificus and V. cholerae. Predictive models describing the kinetic behavior of Vibrio spp. in raw whip-arm octopus were developed, and the data on amounts and frequency of raw whip-arm octopus consumption were collected. Using the collected data, a risk assessment simulation was conducted to estimate the probability of foodborne illness raw whip-arm octopus consumption using @RISK. Initial contamination levels of Vibrio spp. in raw whip-arm octopus were -3.9 Log colony-forming unit/g, as estimated by beta distribution fitting. The developed predictive models were appropriate to describe Vibrio spp. in raw whip-arm octopus during distribution and storage with R² values of 0.946-0.964. The consumption frequency and daily consumption amounts of raw whip-arm octopus per person were 0.47% and 57.65 g, respectively. The probability of foodborne illness from raw whip-arm octopus consumption was estimated to be 8.71 × 10^-15 for V. vulnificus and 7.08 × 10^-13 for V. cholerae. These results suggest that the risk of Vibrio spp. infection from raw whip-arm octopus consumption is low in South Korea.

In Silico Structural and Functional Annotation of Hypothetical Proteins of Vibrio cholerae O139

Islam, Md. Saiful,Shahik, Shah Md.,Sohel, Md.,Patwary, Noman I.A.,Hasan, Md. Anayet Korea Genome Organization 2015 Genomics & informatics Vol.13 No.2

In developing countries threat of cholera is a significant health concern whenever water purification and sewage disposal systems are inadequate. Vibrio cholerae is one of the responsible bacteria involved in cholera disease. The complete genome sequence of V. cholerae deciphers the presence of various genes and hypothetical proteins whose function are not yet understood. Hence analyzing and annotating the structure and function of hypothetical proteins is important for understanding the V. cholerae. V. cholerae O139 is the most common and pathogenic bacterial strain among various V. cholerae strains. In this study sequence of six hypothetical proteins of V. cholerae O139 has been annotated from NCBI. Various computational tools and databases have been used to determine domain family, protein-protein interaction, solubility of protein, ligand binding sites etc. The three dimensional structure of two proteins were modeled and their ligand binding sites were identified. We have found domains and families of only one protein. The analysis revealed that these proteins might have antibiotic resistance activity, DNA breaking-rejoining activity, integrase enzyme activity, restriction endonuclease, etc. Structural prediction of these proteins and detection of binding sites from this study would indicate a potential target aiding docking studies for therapeutic designing against cholera.

Isolating non-O1/non-O39 Vibrio cholerae from Chironomus transvaalensis larvae and exuviae collected from polluted areas in Lake Manzala, Egypt

Naira Mohamed Lotfi,Sahar Ahmed El-Shatoury,Amro Hanora,Rowaida Saleh Ahmed 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2

Vibrio cholerae is a waterborne bacterium inhabiting the aquatic ecosystem. Faecal contamination of water resources, represents modes of dissemination of the bacteria and thus the disease. This study is reporting an association between V. cholerae and chironomids larvae and exuviae, collected fromLakeManzala. The collection sites were chosen to cover the southern sector of the lake that is reportedly characterized by industrial, agricultural and domestic pollution. The only identified species was Chironomus transvaalensis, an East African species. The isolation of V. cholerae was carried out according to the standard microbiological methods, and followed by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Non-O1/non-O39 V. cholerae was found to be present in all of the examined C. transvaalensis larvae and exuviae. These findings further support the use of chironomids as a monitoring agent of V. cholerae.