42V 시스템 차량용 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터

장상현(SangHyun Jang),김의봉(EuiBong Kim),김종대(JongDae Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

These days, customer's demand for convenient, comfort, performance and safety is increasing continuously. To satisfy these needs, many electric items such as MDPS, EPB, Heated Windshield Glass, etc have been developed and installed in the luxury vehicle and these electric systems need more power in current 14V system. However, a 14V System almost reaches its limit because of 12V battery's capacity, wire weight increase, etc. To overcome this limitation of 14V system, 42V Systems are introduced to the car industry. A transition from 14V systems to 42V systems will take lots of times because many 12V electric items are used in the car. So a bidirectional power transformer between 14V and 42V needs. This paper represents how a bi-directional DC/DC converter for 42V system vehicle is designed.

V2I 통신음영지역의 V2V 중계 시스템에서 단일 중계기 선택의 전송 실패확률 분석

신은희(Eun-Hee Shin),권영민(Young-Min Kwon),송병훈(Byung-Hun Song),이인호(In-Ho Lee) 한국정보과학회 2013 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.19 No.5

지능형 교통 시스템(ITS: Intelligent Transport System)은 빠르고 안전한 차세대 교통체계 구축을 위해 활발하게 추진되고 있는 기술이다. ITS는 운전자에게 신속하고 정확하게 교통정보를 제공해줌으로써 운전자가 적합한 운전경로를 선택할 수 있게 해주며 운전시간을 단축시켜서 탄소배출량도 줄일 수 있어, 이러한 ITS에서의 V2I(Vehicle-to-Infrastructure), V2V(Vehicle-to-Vehicle) 통신에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 V2I로 해결될 수 없는 통신음영지역에서의 V2V 중계 시스템을 설명한다. 다수 개의 중계차량들이 있을 때 한 대의 중계차량을 선택하는 방법을 설명하고, 이때 얻을 수 있는 전송 실패확률을 구한다. V2V 중계 시스템에서 다수 개의 중계차량들 중 최적의 중계차량을 선택함으로써 전송 실패확률을 줄일 수 있으며, V2I 통신음영지역에서 V2V 통신을 가능하게 하여 통신범위를 넓힐 수 있음을 보인다. Recently, the intelligent transport system (ITS) is pursued vigorously to build a next-generation of a fast and safe transport system. By providing traffic information quickly and accurately, ITS allows drivers to choose the proper driving directions and to shorten the driving time, and drivers can reduce carbon emissions. So V2I(Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) and V2V(Vehicle-to -Vehicle) communications in ITS have been receiving great attention. In this paper, V2V relay system in shadow zone where cannot be covered by V2I is described. Assuming that there are multiple relay vehicles, we explain single relay vehicle selection scheme and obtain the outage probability. By selecting the best relay vehicle among multiple relay vehicles in V2V relay system, we can reduce the outage probability. And we show that the coverage for vehicle communication becomes large by enabling V2V communication in V2I shadow zone.

사단급 L-V-C연동훈련체계 구축을 위한 LVC통합아키텍쳐기술 설계 및 구현

원경찬(Kyoungchan Won),구자환(JaHwan Koo),이호준(Hojun Lee),김용필(Yong-Pil Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5

현재 국내에서는 L(실기동)-V(시뮬레이터)-C(워게임모델) 체계 간 연동 없이 독립된 환경에서 훈련을 수행하고 있다. L 체계는 훈련장 민원과 도로 제한 등으로 대부대 훈련이 제한되고, V 체계는 전술훈련과 연계한 훈련이 미흡하며, C 체계는 전투마찰 요소가 부족하여 실전성이 부족하다. 상하 제대 간 동시성 및 통합성 훈련 효과를 달성하기 위해 현재 운용 중인 L, V, C 체계를 상호 연동하여 제대별 통합연습훈련을 보장하기 위한 체계 구축이 필요하다. 현재 한미연합연습 간 C-C 체계 간 연동을 통해 모의지원을 하고 있지만, 실질적인 L, V, C 연동을 통한 훈련체계 개발은 연구단계에서 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 육군을 중심으로 L, V, C 체계 연동 구축을 위해 많은 노력을 하였으나, 연동체계의 핵심인 LVC통합아키텍쳐 기술은 아직 확보하지 못한 상태이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 L-V-C연동훈련체계를 구축할 수 있는 핵심기술인 LVC통합아키텍쳐 기술을 설계하고 구현하여 미래 훈련체계의 새로운 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 결론적으로 LVC통합아키텍쳐 기술의 확보를 통해 향후 사단급 L-V-C 연동훈련체계 구축이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. In Korea, the training is performed through independent environments without interoperability among L-V-C systems. In the L system, training for large units is limited due to civil complaints at the training grounds and road restrictions. The V system is insufficient in training related to tactical training, and the C system lacks practicality due to a lack of combat friction elements. To achieve synchronicity and integration training between upper and lower units, it is necessary to establish a system to ensure integrated training for each unit by interoperating the currently operating L, V, and C systems. The interoperability between the C-C system supports Korea-US Combined Exercise. On the other hand, the actual development of the training system through the interoperability of L, V, and C has not been made. Although efforts are being made to establish the L, V, and C system centering on the Army, the joint composite battlefield and LVC integrated architecture technology are not yet secured. Therefore, this paper proposes a new plan for the future training system by designing and implementing the LVC integrated architecture technology, which is the core technology that can build the L-V-C interoperability training system. In conclusion, a division-level L-V-C interoperability training system can be established in the future by securing the LVC integrated architecture technology.

Saturn V 1단 발사체(S-IC) 특징 분석

홍용기(Yonggi Hong),김철웅(Cheulwoong Kim) 한국추진공학회 2014 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.12

Apollo Mission이 종료된지 거의 반세기가 지났지만, 지금도 Saturn V 발사체의 기술의 복원과 개량을 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Saturn V 발사체의 1단 로켓(S-IC)의 개발 과정과 엔진 퍼지, 포고현상 억제 방법, 연료탱크 가압 방식, 유압 및 공압 시스템의 운용 방식 등에 대한 특징들에 대해 조사하였다. S-IC의 각 시스템의 특징에 대한 이해는 발사체 시스템의 이해를 도울 수 있고, 향후 발사체 개발시에 시간, 비용 등의 절감 효과를 가져다 줄 수 있는 유용한 참고 자료가 될 것이라 예상된다. It had been almost a half century since Apollo Mission was ended. However, in these days, a lot of researches are being conducted for restoration and making improvements in technologies used in Saturn V rocket’s development. This study reviews the first stage of Saturn V rocket(S-IC), from development history to technologies in various subsystems such as engine purge system, POGO suppression system, hydraulic and pneumatic control system, propellant dispersion system, telemetry system and retrorocket system. Understandings of S-IC stage’s operation systems would be helpful in understanding of launch vehicle system and reduction of time and cost in future development process.

NuSEE: AN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT OF SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION AND V&V FOR PLC BASED SAFETYCRITICAL SYSTEMS

Koo, Seo-Ryong,Seong, Poong-Hyun,Yoo, Jun-Beom,Cha, Sung-Deok,Youn, Cheong,Han, Hyun-Chul Korean Nuclear Society 2006 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.38 No.3

As the use of digital systems becomes more prevalent, adequate techniques for software specification and analysis have become increasingly important in nuclear power plant (NPP) safety-critical systems. Additionally, the importance of software verification and validation (V&V) based on adequate specification has received greater emphasis in view of improving software quality. For thorough V&V of safety-critical systems, V&V should be performed throughout the software lifecycle. However, systematic V&V is difficult as it involves many manual-oriented tasks. Tool support is needed in order to more conveniently perform software V&V. In response, we developed four kinds of computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools to support system specification for a formal-based analysis according to the software lifecycle. In this work, we achieved optimized integration of each tool. The toolset, NuSEE, is an integrated environment for software specification and V&V for PLC based safety-critical systems. In accordance with the software lifecycle, NuSEE consists of NuSISRT for the concept phase, NuSRS for the requirements phase, NuSDS for the design phase and NuSCM for configuration management. It is believed that after further development our integrated environment will be a unique and promising software specification and analysis toolset that will support the entire software lifecycle for the development of PLC based NPP safety-critical systems.

Spectral Analysis of the Moving System with Multi-object Based on V-system

Ruixia Song,Chenghua Li,Xiaochun Wang,Yena Wang,Yanqing Xu,Dongxu Qi (사)한국CDE학회 2013 한국CAD/CAM학회 국제학술발표 논문집 Vol.2010 No.8

Based on an orthogonal function system over triangular domain, V-system, decomposing orthogonally a moving system with multiple moving objects into V-series, motion state of this moving system at different moment can be expressed in the frequency domain. To make full use of the advantage of the V-system, the capability to precisely express a 3D object group, each moving object is represented by a triangular mesh model, and then the energy curve data for the moving system is calculated by determining the coefficients of the V-series. The energy curve can be applied to the state analysis of the moving system. The relationship of energy curves of a moving system with different triangular mesh resolutions is analyzed. The experiment results show that there exist no strong dependence between energy curve and the resolution of 3D model, so when performing spectral analysis for a moving system, we can choose the model with low resolution, so that the computation can be reduced and the analysis efficiency can be improved. Finally, the mathematic relationship between energy of a moving system and some related variables is obtained by processing a large number of experimental data using the linear regression method. The characteristic of this study is reflected in the whole expression of a 3D model group, and the objects in the group are in motion.

V2V/V2I 통신기반 응용서비스 인터페이스 설계

정병곤(Byoung-Gon Jung),정성대(Sung-Dae Jung),이상선(Sang-Sun Lee),최혜옥(Hae-Ock Choi) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

V2V(Vehicle to Vehicle)/V2I(Vehicle to Infrastructure) communication is while running vehicle occurs from inside the area where it has become the running vehicle. The vehicle to vehicle or the vehicle to infrastructure based communications gave and took the speed and location, braking and operation state of the vehicles, state of the road information. Therefore, It have made a very smooth and safe environment for vehicle. This paper, such as high mobility and wireless communication at vehicle environment considerd services of V2V/V2I based communication. We studied service model and scenario, USE Case that defined Requirement Of Service about each services.

스웨덴 일차의료 영역에서 진료선택제도(vårdval) 도입의 효과

신정완 한국 스칸디나비아학회 2023 스칸디나비아 연구 Vol.31 No.-

Sweden has long been an exemplary country having NHS(National Health Service) type health security system. The Swedish health security system, however, has been much changed since 1990s by the policies marketizing healthcare. The introduction of the healthcare choice system(vårdval) is a pronounced case of the market-oriented healthcare reforms. This system enables patients to choose medical institutions where they would receive treatment and register themselves there. The county councils, responsible for healthcare, then reimburse each medical institution for the medical costs incurred, according to the number of registered patients of each medical institution. Some county councils voluntarily introduced this system since 2007. Since 2010, the introduction of the system in the primary healthcare became obligatory for all county councils. The system has produced good results such as the enhanced rights of patients, the improved responsiveness of the primary care centers to patients’ demands, the increase of the number of primary care centers, and the increased diversity of healthcare providers. But bad results also have been produced such as the widening gap of healthcare accessibility between population densed areas and population thin areas, and between patients with mild cases and patients with serious cases, and the fact that patients with complex diseases can not receive well-integrated treatment as before. We can say that the healthcare choice system brought out results violating the healthcare egalitarianism, the traditional value of the Swedish healthcare, in that the patients with stronger healthcare needs came to be in worse situation. The main causes of these bad results are as follows. Firstly, the system brought out results that healthcare providers choose patients, rather than patients choose medical institutions as intended. Secondly, the principle of equal treatment for all healthcare providers made it difficult for county councils to selectively support the medical institutions in the backward areas in healthcare. 스웨덴은 NHS(National Health Service) 유형의 의료보장체계를 가진 대표적 나라의 하나였으나, 1990년대 이후 의료 시장화 정책을 추진하여 의료보장체계의 성격이 크게 변화했다. 진료선택제도(vårdval) 도입은 시장주의적 의료 개혁의 대표 사례라 할 수 있는데, 이 제도는 환자가 의료기관을 자유롭게 선택하여 등록하게 하고, 의료기관별 등록환자 수에 따라 광역지자체가 의료기관에 의료비를 보상해주는 제도다. 2007년부터일부 광역지자체가 이 제도를 도입했고 2010년부터는 일차의료 영역에서 모든 광역지자체가 이 제도를 의무적으로 도입하게 되었다. 진료선택제도의 성과로는 환자의 권리 신장, 환자의 요구에 대한 의료기관의 민감성 제고, 일차의료기관의 수 증가, 의료공급자의 다양성 증가를 들 수 있다, 부작용으로는 인구밀집지역과 인구희소지역 간에, 그리고 경증환자와 중증환자 간에 의료접근성 격차가 벌어지고, 복합적 질환을 가진 환자들에 대한 통합적 진료가 어려워진 점을 들 수 있다. 제도 도입 이후 의료의 객관적 필요가 큰 사람들의 처지가 악화되었다는 점에서 스웨덴 의료의 전통적 가치인 의료 평등주의를 훼손했다고 볼 수 있다. 이런 결과가 나오게 된 핵심 원인으로는, 환자가 의료기관을 선택하도록 한다는 제도 취지와는 달리, 여러 요인으로 인해 실제로는 의료공급자가 환자를 선택하는 측면이 강했다는 점, 그리고 이 제도의 구성요소의 하나인 모든 의료공급자에 대한 동등대우 원칙으로 인해 의료낙후지역의 의료기관들에 대한 선별적 지원이 어려워졌다는 점을 들 수 있다.

ToU V2G 요금제를 이용한 운영에 따른 전력계통 영향 평가

최봉기,김 성 열 대한전기학회 2020 전기학회논문지 Vol.69 No.6

This study evaluates the impact of the power system on the continuous increase of electric vehicles(EV) and presents a plan to reduce the peak load of the power system and increase the stability of the system through the introduction of the V2G system and the introduction of the Time-of-Use tariff using a simulated power system consisting of 17 buses. Based on the charging load of EVs through the current EV's unidirectional charging system, we analyze the expected charging load from the introduction of the V2G system and the expected charging load from the introduction of the Time-of-Use tariff. In the model in which the ToU tariff was introduced, the change in charging demand due to changes in charging costs was estimated using price elasticity. In this study, through the introduction of the V2G system and the introduction of the ToU tariff, the step-by-step power system stability increase effect can be expected and the appropriate introduction time of each model can be estimated based on the voltage stability

자율협력주행 도로시스템의 종합성능평가 방법론 개발

최지은,배명환,이정원,김시한 한국교통연구원 2019 交通硏究 Vol.26 No.2

The Korea ministry of land, infrastructure and transport aims to commercialize automated vehicles (level 3) by 2020. Cooperative-automated driving roadway system was developed in order to assist safety driving of automated vehicle via vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication. To ensure the safety of the automated vehicle, comprehensive performance evaluation is necessary. The goal of this study is to develop comprehensive performance evaluation methodology of cooperative-automated roadway system. The evaluation indicator is service success rate for reception and control of I2V message. The scenarios of cooperative- automated driving services based on point of interest (POI), weather, incident, road work zone, and lane control system were established. The transmission and control logs of I2V message were acquired by cooperative-automated driving based on the scenarios. In the results of log analysis, 243 data out of 250 data were successfully received and controlled via I2V communication. Thus, the service success rate was 97.2%. The results of comprehensive performance evaluation will come up with the solution in order to ensure the reliability of cooperative-automated driving and enhance the safety of automated vehicle. 국토교통부는 ‘레벨 3 자율주행차 2020년 상용화’를 목표로 설정하였으며, 최근 차량과 인프라 간 통신을 통해 하류부의 도로 및 교통상황 정보를 차량에 전송하여 안전운전을 지원하는 자율협력주행 도로시스템이 개발 중에 있다. 자율협력주행의 안전성을 확보하기 위해 단위시스템 간 메시지 송수신, 제어 활용 등 종합적인 성능평가가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 자율협력주행 도로시스템을 구성하는 단위시스템 간 연계 및 운용 파악을 위한 종합성능평가 방법론 개발을 목적으로 한다. 평가항목은 서비스 성공률로 설정하였으며, 서비스 성공여부는 I2V 메시지 수신 및 제어 활용 여부로 판단하였다. 종합성능평가를 수행하기 위해 관심지, 기상, 돌발상황, 도로 작업구간, LCS 정보기반 협력형 제어서비스를 선정하였으며, 서비스별 시나리오를 개발하였다. 개발한 방법론의 타당성을 입증하고자 여주시험도로에서 시나리오 기반으로 종합성능평가를 수행하여 시험 로그를 수집하였다. 시험 로그 분석결과, 250개 데이터 중 243개 데이터가 I2V 메시지 수신 및 제어 활용에 성공하여 서비스 성공률은 97.2%로 도출되었다. 이러한 종합성능평가를 통해 자율협력주행 서비스의 신뢰성을 확보하고 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.