언택트(Untact) 시대 공동주택 단위세대 평면의 공간 사용 변화에 관한 연구 -2015년 이후 한국토지주택공사 84㎡ 단위세대 평면 사례를 중심으로-

임슬기 ( Lim Seulgi ),김용성 ( Kim Yongseong ),송석재 ( Song Seokjae ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.8

(Background and Purpose) The global paradigm that occurred in early 2020 has caused social, urban, and architectural changes, and residential lifestyles have also changed significantly. This study thus aimed to provide basic data for the formation of a unit-generation flat space that meets the needs of consumers in the Untact era as an alternative to changes in residential lifestyles. In response, this study aimed to establish the direction of analysis considering theoretically the background of changes in the floor plan of the unit generation of apartments, and to analyze changes in residential life in the Untact era based on the type of unit floor plan to present the direction of space composition of the 84 m2 unit plan in the future. (Method) Thirty-six types of households units of 84 m2 used as for public rental houses in Gyeonggi Province over the period of 6 years were selected to identify changes in floor space composition by classifying them into seven types based on space composition. In addition, the role elements of the new residential space were derived through consideration of changes in residential life in the Untact era, and based on the classification of the plane type of the unit generation, a survey on changes in living behavior before and after the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in the living room 'bedroom, kitchen / restaurant, v, and alpha room were conducted. (Results) According to a survey analysis based on residential space role factors that can meet user needs to identify residential living activities changed in the Untact era by space of each unit household, the use of traditional functions such as living and rest,” room-sleep,” balconey, washing and drying,” and kitchen/restaurant/cooking/distake have all decreased, while the role of work/study space in all living spaces has increased significantly, proving that the current residential lifestyle is changing. Thus, after looking at the plane of 84 m2 units that can respond to the role of “work/study,” a newly increased residential function, four types were derived based on the location of the alpha room provided as a free space, suggesting the direction of space composition centered on the alpha room type. (Conclusions) In the future, for the 84 m2 unit flat space structure that can respond to the trend of residents' needs in the Untact era, the direction to move forward through the analysis of changes in the use of space and the inference of the resulting plane type was presented. The study aimed to utilize basic data on the plane design of 84 m2 unit housing, reflecting the changed behavior and the use of space in the post-COVID era.

미래교육에 대응하는 초등학교 단위학습공간에 관한 연구 - 일본 초등학교 사례분석을 중심으로 -

임기택(Lim, Ki-Taek),윤동식(Yoon, Dong-Sik) 한국실내디자인학회 2021 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.30 No.6

The school space, which will be required in the rapidly changing future society, should be composed of a unit learning space including various programs to enable lifelong learning. Therefore, in this study, the type of unit learning space and arrangement type is derived by analyzing the case of elementary school with future education type spatial composition, and the characteristics of each are considered. In order to respond to future education in the future, we present basic data for the composition of a unit learning space including a student-centered creative educational space plan. The scope of the study was selected as an elementary school case planned as a future education type in order to derive common characteristics of unit learning spaces. In addition, considering the cultural similarity of school management methods and wearing indoor shoes, it was limited to elementary school cases built in Japan among advanced overseas cases. The period was analyzed as cases constructed within 15 years, and cases with low connectivity between the interior and exterior spaces were excluded. The results of the study are as follows. First, in the type analysis of unit learning space, the type varies depending on the usability of the multi-purpose space connected with the classroom, and the extended type expands the width of the hallway and naturally flows into movement to connect the space. Second, in the arrangement analysis of unit learning space, there is an external activity space that naturally occurs according to the configuration of two or more unit learning spaces, and there are a type having an individual external space and a type having a common external space. Depending on the purpose of this, the layout will be different. Third, in the analysis of the combination of type and arrangement of unit learning space, there is a type of combination that induces various activities in the internal and external space through the common external space. In addition, there is a type of combination that has excellent connection between interior and exterior spaces in both directions.

아파트 평면의 단위공간 분절방식에 따른 공간구문론적 해석

박순매(Piao, Shun-Mei),윤재신(Yoon, Chae-Shin) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.37 No.1

Space syntax theory does numerical calculation based on the connection of each unit of the total space. In this process, a plane should be divided intu unit spaces. When space syntax theory is used to analy sis the inside space complex of a building, the total space is redrawn as a convex plane. It means every unit spaces should be divided as a convex if it is a concave one. Therefore, the way of convex plan drawing induces variant syntactic analysis. There are some kinds of convex drawing methodes, and the most popular one is the short line division.There is also a division by function. These concepts have some restriction in the process of redrawing unit spaces, such as laking basis of dividing space, What is more, the process is physical and artificial. This paper tries to import the theory of enclosing balance in the process of dividing space so that some perceptual and psychological clues are annexed to the process.

소형단위공간을 위한 수납가구 모듈시스템 디자인연구

조남주 ( Joh Namjoo ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.8

(Background and Purpose) An enormous increase in the number of single-person households and the rapid change in the consumption trends in Korea, different from the consumption patterns of multi-person households, have led to a new type of urban living spaces, such as one-room households and officetels (multipurpose buildings with both commercial and residential units). An increase in income, improvement in education, an increase in the female economic activity ratio, delayed marriages, spread of individualism, and aging society are major factors of the demand for built-in spaces. This study aimed to suggest how to improve the expandability of small-unit spaces and achieve the fulfillment of residents’ activities by proposing a modular system furniture design. (Method) First, to optimize the utilization of the limited physical space in a small unit, the variability of furniture should be provided. Second, users are to be allowed to optimize their movement, and third, dead space should to be minimized. A folding mechanism was applied to beds, desks, and wardrobes, and frame units and shelving were modularized to present a system that could be expanded depending on the space size and user demand. (Results) The development direction of the furniture design proposed in this study was divided into three equal parts based on the 1950 mm bed length, and the width of 700 mm was standardized as one module unit. The basic type of space-saving storage furniture module system was planned with the wardrobe-bed-desk/table as essential items, as well as the incorporating of the folding function with desks and tables, along with installing the folding hardware. The mechanism of the T-type connector that links the steel frame and the panel was applied to enable door mounting. The proposed module types were classified as the compact type (A), general type (B), and extended type (C), and a design that extended from the basic item configuration to module configuration for leisure use was proposed as an example. It was a representative composition of three overall sizes obtained by calculating the average value of various house sizes based on the size of urban living houses, and it was planned to adjust the size according to the choice of storage cabinets. Elevation design was performed by combining the extended module types with a width of at least 3300 mm to maximum 5500 mm, and a total of nine items such as wardrobe-bed-desk/table-TV stand-storage space (bookcase, drawer cabinet, box, etc.)-leisure space module. (Conclusion) This study provided an understanding of the main perspectives of the modular system of storage furniture suitable for small-unit spaces, and suggested the direction from the social and cultural aspects of the change of Korean single-person households’ residential spaces and the creation of new industries. Accordingly, this study may serve as a guideline for improving the R&D capabilities of domestic companies that will be able to compete with global companies in related industries, as well as establishing public policy directions.

초고층 주상복합 건축물의 시대적 변천에 따른 단위세대 평면 공간특성에 관한 연구

이서희,김용성,송석재 한국공간디자인학회 2024 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.19 No.1

(Background and Purpose) The residential and commercial complex was introduced in Korea in the 1970s to solve the hollowing-out of the city by realizing direct residential proximity. Since then, technological development has been added to the increase in supply due to deregulation, and its value as a landmark has rapidly risen. The advantages and disadvantages were interpreted differently depending on the trend of the times, and we tried to quantitatively analyze the unit floor plan of the high-rise residential and commercial complexes that underwent seasonal changes. This study aims to hypothesize based on the trends of the times and use it as a reference for future unit floor plans of high-rise residential and commercial complex buildings. (Method) This study is divided into three periods from 2002 to 2022, and cases from each period are selected and studied. The study was quantified by quantifying and comparatively analyzing the space within the floor plan using the Depth-map program of spatial syntax, and connectivity, control, integration, and intelligibility were selected as indicators. (Results) As a result of analyzing the average value of spatial syntax variables in the unit household plane, the degree of connectivity and intelligibility decreased from period 2 to period 3 after the increase, and integration tended to gradually increase. In the analysis by a space character, the degree of connectivity and control of public spaces gradually decreased, and the degree of integration was high in the order of 2>3>1. As a result of analyzing the integration of detailed space, the living room in period 1 and the hallway in period 2 were the highest. The degree of connectivity of private spaces increased by period, and the degree of control and integration was highest in period 2, and the lowest level of integration between the master room, which is a detailed space. (Conclusions) In this study, the unit floor plan of high-rise residential and commercial complexes was viewed as an independent living space, and the structure and relationship were analyzed through spatial syntax. The overall space of the unit floor plan showed an increase in accessibility, but the unit floor plan of period 2 was the most advantageous on average. In addition, there was no change over time in the direction of increasing accessibility to public spaces and decreasing accessibility to private spaces. Through this, it was confirmed that the unit floor plan of the high-rise residential and commercial complex should be developed in consideration of public-private characteristics at a time when the importance of residential spaces has emerged socially and culturally. The limitation of this study is the comprehensiveness of the cases, and it is hoped that additional analytical research will be conducted considering detailed variables.

리모델링 공동주택 단위세대 평면 공간 구성의 변화 연구 - 2010년 이후 서울시 사례를 중심으로 -

차유빈,김용성,이남규 한국공간디자인학회 2024 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.19 No.4

(연구 배경 및 목적) 공동주택 리모델링은 거주자의 삶의 질 향상, 효과적인 주거환경 조성, 지역 재생 및 균형 발전에 기여하는 중요한 사업이다. 최근 주택 공급량 증가와 거주자 인식 변화로 인해 다양한 요구를 반영한 공동주택 공급이 요구되며, 단위세대 내부 공간도 변화하는 생활양식에 맞게 개선이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 서울 지역 공동주택의 리모델링 전후 단위세대 평면 변화를 살펴봄으로써 리모델링에 따른 공간의 다양화 현상을 파악하고, 리모델링에 따른 주거환경 변화의 특징을 객관화하는 것을 목적으로 한다. (연구 방법) 본 연구는 2010년 이후 서울시에서 리모델링이 완료된 공동주택 중 10개 단지를 대상으로 한다. 각 단지에서 세대수가 가장 많은 주력 평면을 선정하여 총 10개의 단위세대 전후 평면을 분석한다. 리모델링 전후의 공간 구성 변화를 파악하고, 공적 공간과 사적 공간으로 구분하여 각각의 변화를 분석한다. 공간구문론 기반의 Depth-map 프로그램을 활용하여 단위세대 평면의 연결도, 통합도, 명료도 등의 지표를 통해 공간 구조의 변화를 정량적으로 분석한다. 이를 통해 공간 성격에 따른 분석값을 토대로 리모델링 측면에서의 공간 변화를 분석하고자 한다. (결과) 모든 사례에서 리모델링을 통해 평면 구성이 변화하였지만, 일관되게 증가하지는 않았다. 연결성은 모든 사례에서 리모델링 후 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 통합도는 대부분의 사례에서 감소하였으나 일부 사례에서는 상승하기도 하였다. 명료도는 대부분의 사례에서 리모델링 후 낮아졌다. 공적 공간인 거실과 현관은 리모델링 이후 연결성과 접근성이 다소 감소하였다. 반면, 사적 공간인 안방은 리모델링 이후 전체 공간에서의 접근성이 낮아졌으며, 최근 사례일수록 사적 공간의 독립성이 강화되는 경향을 보였다. (결론) 본 연구는 2010년 이후 서울시 공동주택 리모델링 사례를 대상으로 단위세대 평면의 공간 구성 변화를 공간구문론을 활용하여 정량적으로 분석하였다. 리모델링을 통해 주거공간의 다양화가 이루어지고 주거환경의 질적 향상이 실현되는 과정을 객관적으로 파악할 수 있었다. 예상했던 공간 성격별 변화 추이와는 상이한 결과가 도출되기도 하였는데, 이는 실의 배치 변경과 전이 공간의 도입으로 인해 각 공간의 기능이 분산된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 공동주택 리모델링에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 상황에서, 본 연구의 결과는 거주자의 라이프스타일 변화를 반영한 평면 설계와 동선 체계의 효율성을 제고하기 위한 공간 구성 방안을 모색하는 데 유용한 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다. 향후 연구에서는 광범위한 사례를 대상으로 공간 변화 양상을 분석하고, 거주자 만족도 조사를 병행함으로써 연구 결과의 실효성과 완성도를 한층 높일 수 있을 것이다. (Background and Purpose) Remodeling is recognized as an essential project that improves the living environment and quality of life for residents in aging apartment complexes. Historically, apartment complexes were supplied uniformly, but recently, they have been designed to reflect the diverse needs of residents. This change results from the increased housing supply and shifts in residents' perceptions. Since residents spend most of their time in the interior space of a unit, research and improvements are necessary to adapt to changing lifestyles. This study aims to analyze the unit floor plans of remodeled apartment complexes completed in Seoul since 2010 and objectively identify the characteristics of changes in the living environment following remodeling. (Method) This study focuses on ten apartment complexes that have been remodeled in Seoul since 2010. The main floor plan with the largest number of units in each complex is selected, resulting in a total of ten pre- and post-remodeling unit floor plans for analysis. Changes in spatial composition before and after remodeling are identified, and the patterns of change in public and private spaces are examined separately. Using the Depth-map program based on space syntax theory, changes in spatial structure are quantitatively analyzed through indicators such as connectivity, integration, and intelligibility of unit floor plans. (Results) In all cases, the floor plan composition changed through remodeling, but connectivity, integration, and intelligibility did not consistently increase across all cases. Connectivity generally decreased after remodeling across all cases, while integration decreased in most cases but increased in a few. Intelligibility decreased in most cases after remodeling. Public spaces such as the living room and entrance showed a slight decrease in connectivity and accessibility after remodeling. In contrast, private spaces like the main bedroom exhibited reduced accessibility within the entire space after remodeling, with a tendency for enhanced independence of private spaces in more recent cases. (Conclusions) This study quantitatively analyzed changes in the spatial composition of unit floor plans in apartment complex remodeling cases in Seoul since 2010 using space syntax theory. The study objectively identified the process of diversifying residential spaces and improving the quality of the living environment through remodeling. The results differed from the expected trends of change by spatial characteristics, which can be attributed to the dispersion of functions in each space due to changes in room layout and the introduction of transitional spaces. As interest in apartment complex remodeling grows, the findings of this study are expected to provide useful implications for exploring spatial composition strategies that reflect changes in residents' lifestyles and enhance the efficiency of circulation systems.

건축 평면에서 공간 분석 이론의 단위 공간 분절 방식에 대한 비교 연구

박순매(Piao, Shun-Mei),김마리(Kim, Ma-Rie),윤재신(Yoon, Chae-Shin) 대한건축학회 2018 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.34 No.3

This paper explores the structure of space in architecture from a viewpoint that individual unitized spaces are gathered to form the whole. To understand the spatial structure of architecture, firstly we need to understand each unitized spaces, and secondly, one must understand how the following adjacent spaces are connected to form the whole building. this gives salience to a fact that understanding the whole comprehensively. It is the most fundamental bases that must be understood and unitized when understanding the spatial structure of an existing building and designing a new one. It is necessary to hypostatize space as an abstract notion. In regards to this space examines the logical flow of structure within actual space. Hypostasieren process includes the process of shaping space and the shape information. In this process we need to refer to the properties of space and the morphological characteristics of physical elements. The segment of the unitized space is the realization process of the basic space. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for analysis and design of spatial structure by comparing several representative methods of segmenting unitized space.

공동주택 세대외부창고의 활성화 방안을 위한 사례 연구

송지현,이현수 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.27 No.1

This study aims to analyze the cases of storage space outside housing unit and propose the activation plan. The issue of storage in residential complex has continued to be reported. This is more salient due to the recent preference trend for small houses, the constant increase of living goods and the limitation of the available space inside housing unit. Although more apartment houses are trying to have individual storage in the exterior space to address these issues, there is still a paucity of the related studies and more studies are required. In this study, we conducted on-site investigation and user interview of each case to propose active usage of the storage space outside housing unit. Result of this study shows that the most crucial factor to improve is ‘accessibility’ in order to activate the storage space. Storage room should be located close to each household or the individual parking space. The second factor is the size and the structure of the storage room. The sufficient space for keeping and taking large objects out are required. The front of the storage room should have a clogged structure to insure privacy. The third is the provision of suitable support programs such as the system that occupants can check remotely what items are in their storage rooms, garage sale, laundry service, auto cleaning system and rental program. Those programs are required for efficient management and activation of space. Another requirement is to improve environmental factors which include maintenance of optimal temperature and humidity, automatic ventilation system, control of individual lights, and security enhancement. Based on the results of the survey, we provide basic data which can be used for practical space planning to activate exterior storage space of the housing unit. Further surveys are required to develop this study by obtaining more data for generalization. 주택과 관련된 불편함 중 하나가 수납이다. 다양화된 라이프 스타일에 따른 보유물품의 증가, 중소형 주택을 선호하는 경향, 주택의 내부라는 공간적 한계로 인하여 주택에서 수납에 대한 문제는 더욱 부각된다. 이러한 문제를 반영하여 공동주택 세대외부공간에 물품보관 창고를 공급하는 사례가 늘고 있다. 세대외부창고는 무료로 제공되는 전용공간이라는 점에서 고객 선호도가 높으나 실제 활용도는 낮은 수준이다. 또한 최근 그 공급이 급격히 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고 아직 관련연구가 미흡하여 이에 대한 보다 많은 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 세대외부창고의 사용자 개선사항을 분석함으로써 활성화 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 창고를 보유한 서울지역 공동주택 사례를 대상으로 현장조사와 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 먼저 유형별 창고의 현황파악을 위해 외부적, 내부적, 환경적 요소를 조사하였다. 또한 활성화 방안을 제안하기 위하여 사용빈도, 만족수준, 불편사항, 개선사항에 관한 심층인터뷰를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 공간 활성화를 위한 가장 주된 개선사항은 접근성이다. 창고의 위치는 수납물품의 종류에 따라 단위세대 또는 개별주차구역과 가능한 인접하여야 한다. 이 때 창고가 설치되는 잉여공간의 위치를 감안하여 유도등, 사인, 색채계획으로 접근성을 보완할 필요가 있다. 두 번째는 창고의 면적과 구조이다. 면적은 대형물품 보관을 위해 충분한 공간을 확보하되, 다양한 창고 공급 방식을 통해 제한된 공간을 효율적으로 배분하여야 한다. 창고의 구조는 프라이버시 확보를 위해 전면에 막힌 소재를 사용하여야 한다. 세 번째는 적절한 지원프로그램의 제공이다. 집안에서 창고 내부를 확인하는 원격시스템, 가라지 세일, 대형 세탁물 서비스, 셀프 청소 시스템, 임대 프로그램의 제공은 공간의 효율적 유지관리와 활성화를 위해 필요하다. 이 외에도 제습기, 자동 환기 시스템, 개별 조명제어, 보안 강화 등 환경적 요소의 개선도 필요하다. 이러한 개선사항 분석을 토대로 세대외부창고의 활성화를 위한 공간 계획 방향을 제시할 수 있다. 이는 공동주택의 외부 수납공간 계획에 있어 유용한 기초 자료가 될 것이며, 향후 연구에서는 일반화를 위해 더 많은 데이터를 축적함으로써 보완되고 발전되어야 할 것이다.

일본 유니트형 시설의 공간별 우수사례와 국내 도입

남윤철 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.12

Unit-care in Japan, launched in 2002, there are many advantages in Unit-care welfare facilities care services for the elderly, and becomes the basis of the elderly facilities. In Korea, the introduction of unit-care has been delayed due to economic reasons, and several unit-care cases has begun to be applied in recent years. This research was conducted as a result of interviews with employees at 5 case studies in Japan. The results of research are as follows. First, cafes, restaurants, and stores were operated in the elderly welfare facilities, which were used to interact with local residents. Second, unit-type facilities creates living environments including a kitchen, a living room, a private bedroom. Third, external rest areas such as balconies, verandas, courtyards, are necessary for the elderlies who have mobility difficulties. Fourth, wood was used as the interior as much as possible, and natural light as the light as much as possible. The room has a hot-floored system(ondol) and a ceiling type system air-conditioner. The results should be applied to Korean facilities to improve service. Applying this research to unit-type facilities, we hope the services for the elderly will be improved. 2002년 시작한 일본의 유니트케어는 점차 긍정적인 평가를 받았고 현재 노인복지시설의 기본으로 자리잡고 있다. 우리나라에서는 경제성 등을 이유로 유니트케어의 도입이 늦어지고 있으며 최근 몇 곳에서 적용하기 시작하였으나 국내실정에 맞는 가이드라인이 없는 실정이다. 본 고는 일본의 5개 우수 유니트케어 시설을 방문하여 직원과 인터뷰를 실시하였고 조사 결과를 토대로 국내에 적용할 유니트케어 시설의 건축계획 자료로 제안하였다. 첫째, 일본의 노인복지시설은 카페, 식당, 매점 등을 설치 운영하며 지역민들의 교류역할을 한다. 둘째, 유니트형 시설은 주택과 같은 거주환경(부엌, 거실, 개인실)을 조성한다. 셋째, 외부 휴식공간(발코니, 베란다, 중정)은 외출이 어려운 노인들을 위해 필요하다. 넷째, 인테리어는 가능한 목재를 사용하고 조명은 가능한 자연채광을 적극적으로 도입한다. 바닥난방과 천장 에어콘을 설치한다. 한옥과 유사한 주거환경의 적용도 필요하다. 이상의 내용을 국내 유니트형 노인복지시설에 적용하여 노인케어의 질적 향상에 기여하기를 바란다.

일본 유니트형 노인요양시설의 기능별 공간구성 분석 - 동북지방 농촌지역 5곳 사례를 중심으로 -

남윤철 한국농촌건축학회 2018 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.3

There are many advantages to unit-care welfare facilities’ care services for the elderly in Japan. The field research was conducted after holding interviews with employees at five elderly welfare facilities in Japan. This research analyzes the space arrangement of unit-care welfare facilities in Japan’s Tohoku rural area. The purpose of this study is to provide design data on the space arrangement of a unit-care facility for Korea. The results of research are as follows. 1. Cafes, restaurants, and stores were operated in the elderly welfare facilities, which were open to the general public as well. Therefore, local residents frequently visited. 2. The kitchen, living rooms, private bedrooms and construction of the elderly welfare facilities were similar to that of normal residential houses. 3. The event hall is conveniently located at the center of the facility. 4. It was easy to understand the health status of the elderly by having a health office in the open living room. 5. There were open spaces which are frequently used by the homebound elderly, including room rehabilitation, daycare and short term residence. The above results will be used for space planning data in Korean unit-care facilities.