역사교사들의 현장학습 인식과 실천

지연정,오영찬 한국역사교육학회 2020 역사교육연구 Vol.- No.38

This study examines how history teachers in the secondary school recognize field trip, how they operate it, and what they demand to operate better field trips. The research was conducted through in-depth interviews with seven history teachers who had experience in field trips. The research results obtained through the analysis of the current state of field trips administered by history teachers are as follows. First, history teachers are practicing field trips following the purpose of “a meeting with the past through direct experiences”, ‘identification of the textbook content and enhanced understanding of history’, ‘experiences in exploring methods of history’, ‘enhanced problem-solving ability’ and ‘cultivation of sociality’. However, the type of teaching and learning on field trips depended on which aspect of the purpose of field trips is emphasized. The three of the teachers interviewed addressed the purpose of field trips in terms of knowledge and understanding, such as checking the contents of the curriculum and enhancing understanding of history, and the type of teaching and learning was conducted in an explanatory manner. In the process, the teacher served as a guide. On the other hand, The four of the teachers interviewed extended the purpose of field trips to the functional aspects, and emphasized that students experience historical exploration methods and problem-solving methods beyond understanding historical sites. The type of teaching-learning was conducted through an investigation and exploration method. Second, history teachers had a tendency to present only a big picture and play as guider and helpers when conducting field trips. By doing so, the teachers aimed to minimize the role of themselves and making students take lead. Teachers tried to provide learner-centered educational environments by playing a role as a facilitator to help students learn instead of being knowledge-deliverers. Third, in order to revitalize field trips, history teachers demanded various educational programs, construction of infrastructure in the community, and support to solve financial and safety problems. 본 연구에서는 중등학교 역사교사들이 현장학습을 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 그리고 현장학습을 어떻게 운영하고 있으며, 현장학습에 대한 요구는 무엇인지를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 현장학습의 경험을 가진 7명 역사 교사를 대상으로 심층 면담을 통해 연구를 진행하였다. 역사교사의 현장학습 운영 현황에 대한 분석을 통해 얻을 수 있는 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 역사 교사들은 현장학습의 목적에 있어서, ‘직접 경험을 통한 과거와의 만남’, ‘교과 내용의 확인 및 역사 이해의 증진’, ‘역사 탐구 방법의 경험’, ‘정보 수집과 처리역량강화(문제해결 능력)’, ‘사회성 육성’이라는 목적에 따라 실천하고 있었다. 그러나 현장학습의 목적 중 어느 측면을 강조하느냐에 따라 현장학습의 교수·학습 유형의 차이가 나타났다. 현장학습의 목적을 지식·이해 측면에 중점을 둔 교사들은 현장학습의 교수·학습 방법을 ‘설명식’으로 진행하였다. 주로 교사가 학생들을 인솔하여 가르치는 방식으로 진행되었다. 반면에 현장학습의 목적을 지식·이해 측면에서 기능적 측면까지 확장한 교사들은 학생들에게 설명하고 답을 제시하기보다 학생들이 주제에 맞는 정보를 조사하고 역사 현장을 여러 관점으로 해석할 수 있도록 ‘조사 및 탐구식’으로 진행하였다. 둘째, 역사교사들은 현장학습을 진행할 때 안내자, 조력자로서 학습의 큰 틀만 제시하는 경향을 보였다. 그것은 교사의 역할을 최소한으로 하고 학생들의 활동을 주도적으로 이끌고자 한 것이다. 교사들은 지식 전달자로서의 역할 대신 학생들의 학습을 도와주는 조력자, 촉진자로서의 역할에 중점을 두었다. 셋째, 역사교사들은 현장학습을 활성화하기 위해서 다양한 교육 프로그램 지원과 지역사회 내 인프라 구축, 교통 및 안전상의 문제 등을 해소할 수 있는 행정적·재정적 지원을 요구하였다.

연령대별 통행특성 분석

박병호 ( Byung Ho Park ) 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2014 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1

This paper deals with the factors related to the trip purpose and mode choice in Cheongju. In pursuing the above, this paper gives particular attentions to analyze by four factors(Trip purpose, mode choice, departure time, and arrival time), and developing the ordered Logit models using the data of household travel diary. The results of ordered Logit models to develop by separating age range, the trips were respectively affected by other factors showed. First, 0~30 age range type was going to school factors. 30-50 age range type was going to work factors, and more than 50 age range type was leisure activity factors, were analyzed to be higher than other trip purpose that affect the trips. Second, 0-30 and more than 50 age range type were aftemoon factors, and 30-50 age range type was morning factors, were analyzed to be higher than other departure time. Finally, aftemoon factor was analyzed to be higher than other arrival time.

순서형 로짓모형을 이용한 성별 통행실태 분석

박병호 ( Byung Ho Park ) 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2012 建設技術論文集 Vol.31 No.2

이 연구는 청주시 성별 통행목적과 수단선택에 관련한 요인을 다루고 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구는 성별 네 가지 요소 (통행목적, 수단선택, 출발시간, 그리고 도착시간)를 분석하고, 개인통행실태조사를 이용하여 순서형 로짓모형을 개발하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ``귀가`` 통행이 다른 통행목적 통행에 비해 다소 높게 분석된다. 둘째, 수단선택의 자전거 변수는 통계적으로 의미가 없는 것으로 평가된다. 셋째, 귀가 도보 및 오후 조건하에서의 요소가 다른 조건에서 보다 높은 것으로 분석된다. 마지막으로 대응표본 t검정 결과 통행목적과 수단 선택은 성별과 관련된 것으로 분석된다. 이 연구는 성별에 따른 통행의 주요 원인을 파악하고, 통행패턴을 설명할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This paper deals with the factors related to the trip purpose and mode choice by gender in Cheongju In pursuing the above, this paper gives particular attentions to analyzing by four factors (trio purpose, mode choice, departure time, and arrival time) by gender, and developing the ordered logit models using the of household travel survey. The main results are the followings. First, ``to home`` trip is analyzed to be a little higher than the other trip purposes. Second, the bicycle variable of mode choice in evaluated not to be statistically significant. Third, the conditions under ``to home``, ``walking`` and ``afternoon`` factors are analyzed to be higher than the other conditions. Finally, the pair~wise sample t-test shows that the trip purpose and mode choice are significantly related to the gender. This paper might be expected to identify the main reasons of trips by age, and to explain the travel patterns.

Can We Identify Trip Purpose from a Clickstream Data?

Choe, Yeongbae Smart Tourism Research Center 2022 Journal of smart tourism Vol.2 No.2

Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) utilize the official website for marketing and promotional purposes, while tourists often navigate through the official website to gather necessary information for their upcoming trips. With the advancement of business analytics, DMOs may need to exploit the clickstream data generated through their official website to develop more suitable and persuasive strategic marketing and promotional activities. As such, the primary objective of the current study is to show whether clickstream data can successfully identify the trip purposes of a particular user. Using a latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression, this study found the meaningful and statistically significant variations in webpage visits among different trip purpose groups (e.g., weekend getaways, day-trippers, and other purposes). The findings of this study would provide a foundation for more data-centric destination marketing and management practice.

A Purpose-oriented Trip Demand Estimation Model Development with Big Data and Machine Learning: a feasibility study

Chang, Yohan(장요한),Park, Seo hyeon(박서현) 한국측량학회 2021 한국측량학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2021 No.11

Understanding an accurate trip demand by purpose is crucial for short-term regional planning but also long-term regional planning. In traditional approach, information of purpose-oriented trip demand has been derived from public survey in South Korea such as Travel Diary Survey. This type of data acquiring method maybe useful in a sense that it can capture a meaningful sample regarding to entire country, meanwhile it costs a tremendous amount of budget and time. In this research, we want to offer a novel framework for estimating purpose-oriented trip demand with dynamic and effective fashions using data fusion in conjunction with Machine learning(ML) techniques. With presenting two pre-explored studies by the authors, this study showed how several state-of-the-art algorithms, including Deep neural network, UMAP, and Random forest in conjunction with Genetic algorithm and Tabu-search for optimization, can contribute to this framework. Although tangible results are yet to come, we expect this framework can contribute to resilience planning such as COVID-19.

Pure-inTention : A Purpose-driven Trip Demand Estimation Model Development with Big Data and Machine Learning

Yohan Chang,Youngmin Lee,Seo hyeon Park 한국ITS학회 2022 한국ITS학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.06

Understanding an accurate trip demand by purpose is crucial for short-term regional planning but also long-term regional planning. In traditional approach, information of purpose-oriented trip demand has been derived from public survey in South Korea such as Travel Diary Survey. This type of data acquiring method maybe useful in a sense that it can capture a meaningful sample regarding to entire country, meanwhile it costs a tremendous amount of budget and time. In this research, we want to offer a novel framework for estimating purposeoriented trip demand with dynamic and effective fashions using data fusion in conjunction with Machine learning techniques. With primary results of this concept, this study showed how several state-of-the-art algorithms, including Deep neural network, UMAP, and random forest in conjunction with Genetic algorithm and Tabu-search for optimization, can contribute to this framework. Although tangible results are yet to come, we expect this framework can contribute to resilience planning such as COVID-19.

수도권 내 지역별 활동시간 특성 분석

고준호,이세희,김태형 한국교통연구원 2011 交通硏究 Vol.18 No.1

In general, urban transportation has been characterized mostly by trip purpose, spatiotemporal distribution, and mode choice, with which the spatial structure of a city was associated. Recent studies focused more on the activity duration to investigate an individual traveler's behavior at a disaggregate level. However, few examined the spatial structure by aggregating activity durations of the travelers. Upon this ground, this study explored the characteristics of the activity duration by aggregating the individuals’ activity durations at the unit of the districts in the Seoul Metropolis area, focusing on four travel purposes: business, commuting, leisure, and shopping. For each purpose, the processed data were used to identify the hierarchical distribution, areal concentration (of the top 10% districts), and differences of the activity duration by travel mode. As expected, the spatial distribution of the activity duration for commuting was similar to that for business, while the distribution for shopping was rather unique. Examining the distribution similarity of the business–leisure activity duration specifically among the 25 Administrative Districts of Seoul, this study found that the similarity was the most notable in Gangnam District. The outcomes of this study also showed that in an examination of the top 10% districts of the activity duration by auto and public transportation, respectively, the spatial concentration by public transportation was higher than that by auto for all travel purposes. Lastly, the concentration difference by public transportation among the top 10% districts was prominent with regard to the business travel, suggesting that public transportation systems should be improved for the destinations of business travel. 일반적으로 도시교통의 특성은 통행목적, 통행의 시공간적 분포, 수단선택 등에 의해 파악되어져 왔으며, 이를 토대로 도시공간구조 등과 연계시키는 등 다양한 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 최근에는 미시적 관점에서 통행행태를 보다 심도있게 이해하기 위해 활동시간(체류시간)에 대한 관심도 커지고 있는 상황이며 이를 통행자 개인별 통행특성과 연계시켜 분석하는 시도도 많은 것으로 파악된다. 그러나 활동시간을 지역단위로 집계하여 공간구조의 특성을 살펴본 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 통행목적별 활동시간을 수도권 내 지역별로 집계하여 몇 가지 관점에서 그 특성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 2006년도 가구통행실태조사 자료 중 개별 통행 자료를 활용하여 업무, 출근, 여가, 쇼핑 통행을 중심으로 지역별 활동시간을 산출하고 지역간 순위 분포의 비교 및 상위 10% 지역 집중도, 통행수단에 따른 차이점 등을 분석하였다. 통행목적별로는 예상한 바와 같이 출근, 업무통행의 지역별 활동시간 순위분포가 유사한 것으로 나타났으나, 쇼핑통행의 경우는 타 통행목적과는 다소 상이한 분포패턴을 지니고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 서울시 25개 자치구에 있어서의 업무–여가 통행의 분포 유사성을 살펴보면 강남구 내의 유사성이 가장 크면서 활동시간 규모도 가장 커 매우 유의하게 업무–여가의 토지활용이 주요지역을 중심으로 이루어지고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 승용차와 대중교통으로 구분하여 통행수단 간 활동시간 상위 10% 집단의 활동시간 비중을 살펴본 결과 모든 통행목적에서, 그리고 서울, 경기, 인천 모두에서 대중교통이 승용차에 비해 그 집중도가 큰 것으로 도출되었다. 특히, 업무통행의 경우 승용차 대비 대중교통의 상위집단 활동시간 비중 차이가 타 통행목적에 비해 가장 큰 것으로 도출되어 업무통행 목적지를 중심으로 대중교통체계 개선이 필요함을 암시하였다.

하나님의 여행”의 동행자들

이후천(Lee, Hu−,Chun) 한국선교신학회 2012 선교신학 Vol.31 No.-

This article discusses and evaluates the ministry of an American laywoman missionary Mary Fletcher Scranton and her son William Benton Scranton, who founded the Jung−Dong Hospital, Sang−Dong Hospital, Ah−Hyun Church, Sang−Dong Church, and Dong−Daemoon Church. The writer first starts with the following questions: “How did they define their identity as a missionary?” The writer answers it in terms of their motive to apply for missionary and their direction for mission. Second, “What was their motive, method, and purpose of mission?” Third, “What was the heritage that they bequeathed to us and what lessons can we learn from?” Answering the above questions, the writer concludes missiological implications based on his research. In particular, he provides evidence supporting that Mary and William Scranton, as apposed to other western missionaries during that time era, did not try religious colonialization and did not intend to ingrain the western civilization into Korean society. In spite of the dangers they faced, they entered into Korea with strong aspirations of missions and in concretely have contributed to building the foundation for the evangelization of Korea by planting local churches and hospitals. The biggest contribution of Mary Scranton's ministry was to challenge the sexual discrimination imposed by Confucianist beliefs, by first starting a new school for women, and thus implanting a spirit that women can work cooperatively with men, not as an inferior, but as a partner, with equal rights. With the love of Christ, William Scranton also did his best to care for the poor and the weak by building new hospitals and pharmacies. In a word, Mary and William Scranton chose Korea to actualize their vision for world mission, and lived a successful life as the Christ’s disciples by understanding the history and culture of Korea and by serving for the poor people in Korea. In spite of their just and healthy motives, method, and purpose for their mission, they, like other western missionaries in that era, lacked to provide the missional church model to Korean Christianity. We cannot learn simply out of their deep dedication and desire to develop the missional church in Korea, enlarging the kingdom of God on earth and adapting to the Korean indigenous culture. This deficit came from their lack of missional theology, being simply lay missionaries, the Scrantons lacked the proper educational background in theology. Despite their deep passions, well intended will, and endless love of Christ, they were not able to grasp the bigger picture of the missional theology, thus falling short in accomplishing God's purpose for the Korean people and the world mission.

Incorporating a New Measure of Travel Cost for Estimating International Travel Demand

제상영 한국자료분석학회 2012 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.14 No.4

Most recent studies examines the international tourism demand by differentiating holiday travel into visiting friends and relatives, and business travellers, while using a new measure of travel costs for international tourists inbound to the U.S. As a new measure of travel costs, the ‘the zonal travel cost’ approach (USDA, 2000) for the measurement of travel costs is employed. The use of the zonal travel cost is a first for international travel literature. Based on this new measurement, this article examines international tourism demand for the United States (U.S.) by classifying travel demand according to the purpose of the trip and incorporating a new measure of travel costs and its determinants. Based on the pooled generalized least squares model, we find that the new measure of travel costs improves model accuracy. Second, we find that tourism demand elasticities vary by trip purpose. The latter finding is significant, as travel for business is more inelastic than tourism.

장거리 통행의 교통수단 선택 결정요인

성현곤(Sung, Hyungun),최막중(Choi, Mack Joong),이수기(Lee, Sugie) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2014 國土計劃 Vol.49 No.2

This study focuses on the factors that determine a user’s choice between traveling by high-speed rail and private automobile when engaging in long-distance travel in Korea. Concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and congestion caused by excessive automobile use have drawn attention to the need for policies that encourage public transportation use. Increasing high-speed rail use can reduce the negative effects of excessive automobile use. Few studies, however, have empirically examined the factors that influence a user’s choice between high-speed rail and private automobile for long-distance travel. This study identifies the factors in Korea that influence a user’s choice between high-speed rail and private car for their commute, as well as for business and leisure travel. This study employs binomial logit models that use explanatory variables such as a user’s travel, personal and household characteristics, and especially built environment variables. The analysis results demonstrate that although the determinants of transportation mode choice depend on the purpose of the long-distance trip, a destination’s population density is generally an important factor regardless of travel purpose. However, an origin’s population density is not significant except with regard to leisure travel. These findings indicate that land use policies within the proximity of high-speed rail stations should address population density in order to reduce an inordinate dependence on automobiles for long-distance travel.