사천만의 해수 및 표층 퇴적물의 세균학적 및 이화학적 특성

박준용,김영인,배기성,오광수,최종덕 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2010 농업생명과학연구 Vol.44 No.2

이 연구는 2009년 1월부터 9월까지 총 4회(1월, 4월, 7월 9월) 사천만에서 해수와 표층퇴적물의 세균학적․이화학적 특성을 조사한 것이다. 조사기간 중에 수온은 5.3∼24.9℃(평균 17.7±0.4℃), 투명도는 1.4∼2.5m(평균 1.8±0.5m), 부유물질 농도는 16.2∼35.8㎎/L(평균 24.2±2.2㎎/L), 화학적산소요구량(COD)는 1.42~3.29 ㎎O2/L(평균 2.06±0.55 ㎎O2/L), 용존산소(DO)는 6.7∼9.5㎎/L(평균 7.9±0.6 ㎎/L)로 각각 조사되었다. 대장균군과 분변계대장균의 검출 범위는 <1.8∼7,900 MPN/100mL (GM 214.7 MPN/100mL)과 <1.8∼330 MPN/ 100mL (GM 9.7 MPN/100mL)로 각각 나타났다. 대장균군은 시료의 75.0%, 분변계대장균은 57.1%가 각각 양성을 나타내었다. 대장균군에 대한 분변계대장균의 양성율은 76.2%로 나타났다. 조사기간 중에 사천만에서의 표층퇴적물의 수분함량, 강열감량, COD 및 AVS의 평균값은 53.28±2.58%, 9.38±0.42%, 14.23±3.36㎎O2/g, 0.09±0.07㎎S/g로 각각 조사되었다. This study was conducted to investigate the bacteriological and physiological quality of seawater and surface sediments in Sacheon Bay of Korea from January to September in 2009. During the study period, the means of temperature was range from 5.3 to 24.9℃ (mean 17.7±0.4℃), transparency range from 1.4 to 2.5 m (mean 1.8±0.5 m), suspended solid ranged from 16.2 to 35.8 ㎎/L (mean 24.2±2.2 ㎎/L), chemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.42 to 3.29 ㎎O2/L (mean 2.06±0.55 ㎎O2/L), dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.7 to 9.5㎎/L (mean 7.9±0.6 ㎎/L), respectively. Seafood, if eaten raw, carries the risk of food poisoning. Seafood poisoning is often cause by pathogenic microorganism originating from fecal contamination, such as Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. and norovirus. Fecal coliforms are an important indicator of fecal contamination. Therefor, data on fecal coliform are very important for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. So, we investigated the sanitary indicate bacteria. In this study, 56 sea water samples were collected from the Sacheon Bay, and total and fecal coliforms were compared and analyzed. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of sea water in Sacehon Bay were ranged from <1.8∼7,900 MPN/100mL (GM 214.7 MPN/100mL) and <1.8∼330 MPN/100mL (GM 9.7 MPN/ 100mL), respectively. Total coliforms were detected in 75.0% of the samples and 76.2% of the total coliforms were fecal coliforms. During the study period, the means of water content, ignition loss, COD, and acid volatile sulfates in sediments in Sacheon Bay were 53.28±2.58%, 9.38±0.42%, 14.23±3.36 ㎎O2/g, 0.09±0.07 ㎎S/g, respectively.

연구단보 : 가축이용 지하수에서의 대장균군 출현과 수질인자의 상관성

최철만 ( Chul Mann Choi ),윤순강 ( Sun Gang Yun ),김민경 ( Min Kyeong Kim ),김진호 ( Jin Ho Kim ),고병구 ( Byong Gu Ko ),박성진 ( Seong Jin Park ),류희용 ( Hui Yong Ryu ) 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The main purpose of this study is to search the water factor which influences to occurrence of the total coliforms. Occurrences rate of the total coliforms and the E. coli were 57.9%, 10.5% in 2007 and 47.4%, 23.7% in 2008 respectively. According to the result which examines the correlation analysis and a regression analysis, most the water factor which is effect was Na+(0.497, p<0.05) in appearance of the total coliforms and was Cl-(0.622, p<0.01) in appearance of the E. coli. The water factor that simultaneously influences to the total coliforms and the E. coli appearances was the Cl-. The predictable regression formula for appearance rate of the total coliforms was expressed as 0.462+0.028 [Na+]-0.644 [COD(Mn)]-8.889[PO4-P](R=0.930, R2=0.866, adjusted R2=0.839, p<0.05), and that of the E. coli was described as -0.012+0.004[Cl-](R=0.622, R2=0.387, adjusted R2=0.351, p<0.05).

Impact of Water Quality Parameters on the Disinfection of Total Coliform with Chlorine Dioxide

Lee Yoon-Jin Korean Society of Environmental Health 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.3

This study investigated the inactivation of the total coliform, an indicator organism in chlorine dioxide, in order to assess the optimal disinfection procedure for drinking water treatment and distribution systems. This research focus on a number of factors, including the dosage of disinfectant, contact time, pH, temperature and DOC. Water samples were taken from the outlet of a settling basin at a conventional surface water treatment system. As the pH increased in the range of pH 6-9, the bactericidal effects of disinfectants decreased. Changes in levels of pH did not significantly after the disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide for total coliform. With an increase in temperature, there was a subsequent increase in the bactericidal effects of disinfectants. Thus, it is evident that a decrease in temperature will higher the CT values required to inactivate coliform for during the winter. DOC addition can also reduce total coliform inactivation. DOC is the most significant variable in total coliform inactivation with chlorine dioxide.

왕궁 축산배수가 만경강유역에 미치는 영향 : 대장균을 중심으로

조웅현 ( Woong-hyun Cho ),송민희 ( Min-hee Song ) 한국환경기술학회 2008 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.9 No.3

왕궁 축산배수는 도수로를 통해 익산천과 만경강으로 흐르며 하천을 오염시키고 있는데 특히 축산배수에는 매우 많은 대장균이 함유되어 있음에도 여타의 오염물질에 대한 연구에 비해 이에 관한 연구는 지금까지 거의 이루어지지 않은 상태라 할수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 왕궁 축산배수가 하천으로 유출되기 직전에서부터 익산천과 만경강본류에 이르는 하천역을 대상으로 축산배수가 미치는 영향과 특성을 총대장균군과 분원성대장균군을 중심으로 구분하여 연구하였으며, 본 수역에서의 대장균군 분포와 주요 오염지표와의 상관관계를 도출하였다. 연구 결과 왕궁 축산배수의 영향을 받는 만경강 유역의 대장균 검사 결과 FC 양성반응 시료수는 TC의 94.8%를 보였다. TC와 FC의 검출 상관계수(r=0.850)는 높게 나타났다. 당해 채수시료의 COD제거에 따른 대장균군 저감율은 COD 18.5%제거에 TC는 21.2%, FC는 26.6%로 COD제거에 FC의 저감율이 5.4%정도 더크게 나타났다. 익산천이 만경강본류와 혼합되는 지점을 기준으로 혼합전후의 FC는 854(MPN/100ml) 및 3,155(MPN/100ml)을 나타냄으로서 익산천 합류로 인하여 FC가 3.7배나 증가한 것으로 나타났다. As Wanggung livestock wastewater flows in the Iksan stream, the Mankyung river has come under the influence of coliforms. But, in spite of containing an exceptionary large quantity of coliforms in the wastewater, the experimental studies on the coliforms distribution in the river basin are rarely performed up to now as compared with other water pollutants. This paper shows various characteristics about the coliforms(total coliforms, fecal coliforms) in the Mankyung river basin around the Iksan stream and the correlations of coliforms distributions with some major pollution indicators. The results are as follows; It appeared that the positive detection numbers of FC were 94% of TC on the Mankyung river basin around the Iksan stream. And, statistical analysis of sampling data showed that most significant correlation occurred between FC and TC(r=0.850). In comparison of COD removal rate with coliforms reduction, reduction ratio of FC were some 5.4% higher than that of TC of 21.2% when COD removal rate reached to 18.5% experimentally. FC in the Mankyung river measured to increase in 3.7times from 854(MPN/100ml) to 3,155(MPN/100ml) after confluence of the Iksan stream.

회전식 부착 바실러스를 이용한 하수고도처리 공정에서의 총대장균군 제거 특성

김응호 ( Eung Ho Kim ),조연제 ( Yeon Je Cho ),박성주 ( Seong Joo Park ),신광수 ( Kwang Soo Shin ),임수빈 ( Soo Bin Yim ),박현주 ( Hyun Ju Park ) 한국물환경학회 2005 한국물환경학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to examine the disinfection capability of a Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactor (RABC) system, in which the predominant species, Bacillus sp. was expected to have a removal or inactivation effect of total coliforms. In a settling test with mixtures of E. coli and Bacillus sp., a high removal of E. coli was observed at 20~40℃, while insignificant removal at 10℃. In a batch test, a 4.5% addition of Bacillus sp. to activated sludge considerably enhanced the removal effect of total coliforms, indicating Bacillus sp. played an important role in improving the settlability of the sludge and coliforms. In a pilot scale RABC system, the concentration of total colifroms reduced remarkably in the settling tank, suggesting that total coliforms in the RABC process were eliminated through coagulation and precipitation, probably due to extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of Bacillus sp. The fraction of Bacillus sp. in the total cell count in the RABC process was in the range of 4.5%~6.3%. The majority (75%) of the Bacillus sp. in the RABC process was Bacillus subtilis which is known to enhance coagulation and precipitation by producing EPS. Hence, an adoption of a RABC process might be able to eliminate the disinfection unit process from a wastewater treatment system.

포장두부의 가공공정에서 미생물 분석 및 안전성 평가

왕순남(Soun-Nam Wang),최성원(Sung-Won Choi),허남윤(Nam-Yoon Hur),백무열(Moo-Yeol Baik),이한승(Han-Seung Lee),김창남(Chang-Nam Kim) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 생산 후 3일 이내인 시판두부의 가공공장별, 두 부유형별 위생실태를 파악하여 두부에 대한 미생물 규격의 설정 가능성을 검토하며, 가공단계별 총생균수와 대장균군을 분석하여 오염 원인을 규명코자 실시되었다. 시판중인 두부의 위생성은 동일유형이더라도 가공공장마다 차이가 있었고 동일공장의 시료 간에도 차이를 보였다. 총생균수가 1.0×10? CFU/g 이상을 보인 일부 포장두부에서는 관능적 부패ㆍ변질 현상이 관찰되었다. 총 148개 두부시료 중 총생균수와 대장균군이 각각 1.0×10? CFU/g 이하와 음성에 적합한 시료는 단순포장두부가 32.0%와 12.0%, 포장가열두부가 86.9%와 83.7%인 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 가공공장에 따른 위생성 차이는 가열과 열처리사이의 공정인 응고, 압착, 성형, 1차냉각, 내포장공정에서 2차오염 정도의 차이에서 기인하는 것으로 생각되었다. 포장두부의 가공공정 중 미생물이 증가하여 각별한 관리가 요구되는 공정으로는 원료대두의 세척ㆍ침지와 마쇄, 응고 후 압착ㆍ성형, 1차냉각공정이었다. 따라서 보다 위생적인 두부를 가공하기 위해서는 이들 가공공정에서 사용되는 각종 설비나 작업도구, 성형포 및 작업자 등에 대한 세척 및 소독 강화가 절실하게 요구되었다. This study was conducted to investigate microbial distribution in the processing steps and to estimate quality index and shelf life of packaged Tofu (soybean curd). Sanitation and safety of Tofu were analysed in aspects of total viable counts (TVCs) and coliforms. Organoleptic deterioration was observed from some packaged Tofu when their TVCs were over 10? CFU/g. The controlled simply packaged Tofu and sterilized Tofu with TVCs of under 10? CFU/g were 32.0% and 86.9% of the total samples, respectively. Also, the controlled simply packaged Tofu and sterilized Tofu with negative coliforms were 12.0% and 83.7% of the total samples, respectively. TVCs and coliforms increased in some processing steps, which include washing and soaking of raw soybeans, and formation and 1st cooling of packaged Tofu. Increases of TVCs and coliforms in the washing and soaking step were due to contamination from the soaking tank and airborne bacteria, whereas increases of TVCs and coliforms in the grinding step were due to contaminations from the grinder, line and reserving tank. TVCs and coliforms increased in the formation and 1st cooling step of packaged Tofu due to contaminations from filter wools, trays, employee's hands, cooling water, formed products and filter wools.

금호강 유역의 대장균 부하지속곡선 개발 및 적용

정강영 ( Kang Young Jung ),임태효 ( Tae Hyo Im ),김경훈 ( Gyeong Hoon Kim ),이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),윤종수 ( Jong Su Yoon ),허성남 ( Seong Nam Heo ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Duration curves describe the percentage of time that a certain water quality (total/fecal coliform (=TC/FC)) or discharge is exceeded. The curves methodology are usually based on daily records and are useful in estimating how many days per year and event will be exceeded. The technique was further applied to estimated TC/FC loading to the Geumho River, using the daily mean flow rate and TC/FC concentration data during January, 2001 and December, 2011 for the Geumhogang6 (=Seongseo water level station) where an automated monitoring station is located in Gangchang-bridge. Low flow of the Seongseo (=11.1 cms) was equivalent to 75.3% on an exceedance probability scale. Load Duration curve for TC/FC loading at the Seongseo was constructed. Standard load duration curve was constructed with the water quality criteria for class III (TC/FC concentration=5000/1000 CFU/ 100 mL). By plotting TC/FC observed load duration curve with standard load duration curve, it could be revealed that water quality do not meet the desired water quality for 68.8/11.2% on an exceedance probability scale. IF linear correlation between flow rate and coliform concentration is assumed, it can be interpreted that water quality exceed desired criteria when daily average flow rate is over 11.9/109.9 cms.

오존을 이용한 하수2차 처리수의 처리 및 슬러지 감량화에 관한 연구

강용태,조용현,장성부,최선영 東亞大學校建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.1

Nowadays, most of water source is deteriorating due to depending on surface water more than 90%. New disinfection facilities are urgent because a provision of total coliforms was made newly and have gone into effect since in January 2003 for securing of water source. And waste sludge treatments is an outstanding environment question because of several reasons such as increases of waste sludge, high cost of waste sludge treatment and prohibition of sludge treatment method having been utilized. In this study, specific characteristics of ozone treatment for wastewater effluent and volume reduction of waste sludge were studied with pilot-plant. The results of the study are followed: A removal efficiencies of total-coliforms with ozone dose change of 1.6, 2.6, 3.5, 4.5gO3/m3Water were 73.7, 88.1, 95.6, 97.2% .respectively. And MLSS reduction rate of waste sludge with ozone dose change of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8gO3/gSS were 38.0, 50.0, 57.9, 62.0%.respectively. CODMn removal efficiency of that was 50.5, 65.0, 76.6, 82.1% respectively and SV30 reduced 92.6% even if ozone dose was 0.2gO3/gSS. Therefore, it is found that ozone treatment is very effective for sludge volume reduction and solidㆍliquid separation.

오존을 이용한 하수2차 처리수의 처리 및 슬러지 감량화에 관한 연구

강용태 ( Yong Tae Kang ),조용현 ( Yong Hyun Cho ),장성부 ( Sung Pu Chang ),최선영 ( Sun Young Choi ) 한국수처리학회 2004 한국수처리학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Nowadays, most of water source is deteriorating due to depending on surface water more than 90%. New disinfection facilities are urgent because a provision of total coliforms was made newly and have gone into effect since in January 2003 for securing of water source . And waste sludge treatment is an outstanding environment question because of several reasons such as increases of waste sludge, high cost of waste sludge treatment and prohibition of sludge treatment method having been utilized. In this study, specific characteristics of ozone treatment for wastewater effluent and volume reduction of waste sludge were studied with pilot-plant. The results of the study are followed ; A removal efficiencies of total-coliforms with ozone dose change of 1.6, 2.6, 3.5, 4.5gO₃/m³Water were 73.7, 88.1, 95.6, 97.2% ,respectively. And MLSS reduction rate of waste sludge with ozone dose change of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8gO₃/gSS were 38.0, 50.0, 57.9, 62.0% ,respectively. COD_(Mn) removal efficiency of that was 50.5 65.0, 76.6, 82.1% respectively and SV_(30) reduced 92.6% even if ozone dose was 0.2gO₃/gSS. Therefore, it is found that ozone treatment is very effective for sludge volume reduction and solid liquid separation.

2014-2016년 경남 용남·광도해역 해수 및 굴C(rassostrea gigas)의 세균학적 위생평가

윤현진,권지영,이가정,권순재,목종수,김풍호,정연중 한국수산과학회 2018 한국수산과학회지 Vol.51 No.5

This study evaluated the sanitary state of seawater and shellfish in Yongnam-Gwangdo area from January 2014 to December 2016. The sampling stations for sanitary survey in Yongnam-Gwangdo area were composed of 41 seawater stations and 5 oyster Crassostrea gigas stations. The samples were collected monthly at each station. Shellfish-borne disease is associated with bacteria and viruses in the presence of fecal coliforms. Bacteriological pollution levels of shellfish increase with seawater quality. Therefore, fecal coliforms are very important criteria for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. The geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile ranges of total and fecal coliforms for seawater were 1.8-11.7, 2.8-233.6, <1.8-6.7 and 1.8-100.2 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The range of E. coli levels for oysters was <20-1,300 MPN/100 g. Based on various standards, the sanitary condition in Yongnam- Gwangdo area was evaluated as follows: clean area (Korean criteria), conditionally approved area (US criteria) and class B (EU criteria).