금나노 물질이 북방산개구리에 미치는 영향

김은지,고원배,한얼,김호진,고정원,정훈 한국습지학회 2015 한국습지학회지 Vol.17 No.4

나노물질이 포함된 다양한 제품들이 증가하고 있으며, 나노물질의 수생태계 노출에 대해서는 불가피하다. 따라서 우리 는 금나노입자를 이용하여 국내 다양한 습지 환경에 널리 서식하는 북방산개구리에 대한 독성평가(부화율, 바디컨디 션, 행동학적민감도)를 해보았다. 행동학적 민감도는 포식자 회피반응 정도를 이용하여 Ethvision XT 9으로 측정하였 다. 금나노입자에 대한 부화율과 STL의 독성은 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 금나노입자에 노출된 올챙이들은 외부자극에 대한 행동학적 민감도가 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 실험대상 동물의 행동학적 특성을 이용한 새로운 독성평가 방식을 제시한다. As the number of applications containing nanomaterials increase, aquatic ecosystem exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is unavoidable. In this study, we carried out toxicity assessment to Au-nanoparticles(NPs) of Rana dybowskii eggs and tadpoles. Toxicity was recorded hatching rate, body condition(Snout-tail length, STL), and behavioral sensitivity. Behavioral sensitivity was analyzed to anti-predator behavior using Ethovision XT 9. Au-NPs did not show any toxicity of hatching rate and STL. But, Tadpoles exposed to Au-NPs decrease behavioral sensitivity of stimuli. This study has value of environmental toxicity evaluation because these results show the new way of toxicity assessment.

Biomimetic Swimming Mini-Robots Using Electro-Magnetic Actuation (EMA) System

Hyunchul Choi,Semi Jeong,Cheong Lee,Youngho Ko,Seong Young Ko,Jong-Oh Park,Sukho Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

For the actuation of mini-robots, electromagnetic based actuation (EMA) methods were proposed. EMA system has many advantages for the wireless actuation of mini-robots. This paper introduces our proposed biomimetic swimming mini-robots such as tadpole robot and jellyfish robot. The biomimetic swimming mini-robots could be driven by an external alternating magnet field using three pairs of Helmholtz coils. The swimming mini-robots consist of a buoyant robot body, permanent magnets, and fins. Especially, the tadpole mini-robot has a single fin which is directly linked to the permanent magnet and the jellyfish mini-robot has multiple fins which have a permanent magnet at the end of fin. The external alternating magnetic field from three pairs of Helmholtz coils could generate the propulsion and steering force of the tadpole mini-robot and the jellyfish mini-robot in 2- and 3-dimensional (-D) space. Firstly, we demonstrated the fabrications of the EMA coil system and the mini-robots. Secondly, we summarized the locomotive algorithms of the mini-robots using EMA. Thirdly, we setup the control system for the EMA driven mini-robots, which consists of EMA coils, dual cameras, controller, power amplifier, and conventional joystick. Through various experiments, we evaluated the locomotion algorithms the swimming mini-robots using EMA system. Finally, we demonstrated the performances of the swimming mini-robots in 2-D and 3-D space.

Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Tadpole H-Chain Ferritin in Escherichia coli

Chang, So-Ran,Kim, Young-Taek,Kim, Kyung-Suk Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1995 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.28 No.3

The tadpole H-ferritin produced in E. coli was purified and its molecular properties were investigated to obtain information about the contribution of the H-subunit in the reaction of iron core formation. All the expressed subunits were assembled into complete holoprotein in vitro, presumably 24-mer, and the protein was heat-stable. Electron microscopy revealed that the recombinant ferritin forms spherically and contains iron core. No difference was observed in the absorption spectrum of the expressed protein compared to that of the natural ferritin. The Ouchterlony double diffusion of the expressed protein showed that the H-chain ferritin shares an antigenic determinant with natural tadpole ferritin. Rabbit anti-horse spleen ferritin discriminated the H-ferritin from natural ferritin. The rate of ferritin formation by the recombinant H-chain apoferritin was determined to be higher than that shown by natural tadpole ferritin, which consists of H, M and L-subunits. This phenomenon may be caused by the absence of M and L-subunits in the recombinant H-chain apoferritin.

Morphological Characterization and Classification of Anuran Tadpoles in Korea

Park, Dae-Sik,Cheong, Seo-Kwan,Sung, Ha-Cheol The Ecological Society of Korea 2006 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.29 No.5

The tadpoles of 12 Korean anuran species, including Bombina orientalis, Bufo gargarizans, B. stejnegeri, Hyla japonica, Kaloula borealis, Rana dybowskii, R. huanrenensis, R. coreana, R. nigromaculata, R. chosenica, R. rugosa, and R. catesbeiana, were classified based on their morphological characteristics. We collected eggs or tadpoles of the 12 Korean anuran species from Gangwon, Incheon, Chungcheong, and Gyeonggi districts in 2005 and 2006 breeding seasons. When the tadpoles reached at $27{\sim}37$ Gosner's developmental stages, we described morphological characteristics of the tadpoles of each anuran species and measured their physical parameters such as total length, body length, and body mass. After that, we chose 12 morphological characteristics to identify each species and to use them as classification keys such as eye location, caudal musculature pattern, spiracle location, oral disc morphology, and labial tooth row formula. In this paper, we presented classification keys, morphological characteristics, and drawings for the tadpoles of 12 anuran species.

Wireless Biomimetic Swimming Mini-Robots Using Electro-Magnetic Actuation (EMA) System

Hyunchul Choi,Semi Jeong,Cheong Lee,Gwangjun Go,Kiduk Kwon,Seong Young Ko,Jong-Oh Park,Sukho Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

For the actuation of mini-robots, various types of electromagnetic based actuation (EMA) methods were proposed. Compared with conventional actuation system using electric motor, EMA system has many advantages for the wireless actuation of mini-robots. This paper introduces our proposed biomimetic swimming mini-robots such as tadpole robot and jellyfish robot. The developed biomimetic swimming mini-robots could be driven by an external alternating magnet field using three pairs of Helmholtz coils. The swimming mini-robots consist of a buoyant swimming mini-robot body, permanent magnets, and fins. Especially, the tadpole swimming mini-robot has a single fin which is directly linked to the permanent magnet and the jellyfish swimming mini-robot has multiple fins which have a permanent magnet at the end of fins. The external alternating magnetic field from three pairs of Helmholtz coils could generate the propulsion and steering force of the tadpole mini-robot and the jellyfish mini-robot in 2- and 3-dimensional (D) space.

참개구리(Rana nigromaculata) 유생기 상피 세포사의 미세구조

이혜원,문명진,Lee, Hye-Won,Moon, Myung-Jin 한국현미경학회 2010 Applied microscopy Vol.40 No.2

변태중인 참개구리(Rana nigromaculata) 유생의 상피에서 세포자멸사가 초래된 세포를 확인하고 이들의 핵과 세포질에서 나타나는 퇴행과정의 미세구조 변화를 TUNEL 염색법과 투과전자현미경 관찰을 통해 분석하였다. 꼬리의 퇴화가 진행되는 Shumway 발생단계 31기부터 33기까지의 유생 상피는 다층의 입방형세포로 이루어져 있었고, TUNEL 염색으로 관찰한 결과, 상피 전역에 걸쳐 광범위한 세포자멸사가 진행되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 자멸사에 의해 초래되는 상피세포의 초기 변형은 먼저 핵에서 관찰되었는데, 염색질이 응축되어 핵막 주변부로 편재되었고 핵의 분절과 세포질의 응축, 그리고 세포막의 변형이 뒤따르는 것으로 확인되었다. 이어서 세포질의 분절에 의해 자멸소체가 형성되었는데 막으로 둘러싸인 소체 내부에서는 비교적 잘 보존된 형태의 세포소기관들이 관찰되었다. 자멸사가 초래된 세포들은 상피내 대식세포(intraepithelial macrophage)로 추정되는 인접 세포들에 의해 탐식되어 잔여소체를 형성하였으며, 급속한 퇴화과정을 거쳐 층판구조를 지닌 소포의 형태로 변형된 후 세포질에서 소멸됨이 확인되었다. The fine structural characteristics of the apoptotic cells in the cutaneous epithelium of the anuran tadpole of the black-spotted frog, Rana nigromaculata was examined using the TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated d-Uridine triphosphate Nick End Labeling) staining technique and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) observations. The cutaneous epithelium of the tadpole was composed of stratified cuboidal cells and the apoptotic cell death was observed continuously during the tail degeneration stages from the Shumway stage number 31 to 33. The early apoptotic cells shown in the epithelium demonstrated condensation and margination of the chromatin material at the nuclear periphery, and nuclear breakdown and cytoplasmic condensation were followed. Subsequent cytoplasmic degeneration of the apoptotic cell were produced by membrane-bounded cell fragments with relatively well preserved organelles. Following the processes of autophagic degradation, the late apoptotic cells being phagocytosed by other surrounding cells. These nearby cells, presumptive intraepithelial macrophages, contain a variety of lysosomal residual bodies which fuses with other cell organelles or other cytoplasmatic material to form secondary lysosomes. They are soon transformed into lamellar shaped vesicles and finally disappeared during the process of degradation.

On the Shultz index of the subdivision graphs

P. S. Ranjini,V. Lokesha,M. A. Rajan,M. Phani Raju 장전수학회 2011 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.21 No.3

In this paper we concern with the Shultz index of the subdivision graph and calculated the explicit expressions for the Shultz index of the subdivision graph of the complete graph S_n, tadpole graph T_n,_k, the wheel graph W_(n+1), the helm graph H_(n+1) and the ladder graph L_n,

무미양서류 꼬리 퇴화과정중 피부 상피조직의 세포사에 관한 조직화학적 및 미세구조적 연구

이혜원,문명진,Lee, Hye-Won,Moon, Myung-Jin 한국현미경학회 2009 Applied microscopy Vol.39 No.2

참개구리(Rana nigromaculata) 꼬리 퇴화과정에 따른 피부 상피조직의 분화와 세포자멸사에 의해 초래된 상피의 미세구조적 변화를 TUNEL 조직화학적 염색 및 고배율의 투과전자현미경 관찰을 통해 확인하였다. 꼬리의 퇴화가 시작되는 Shumway 31단계의 올챙이 피부에 발달되어 있던 점액층은 발생 32 단계를 거쳐 사라지고 상피는 비후되어 꼬리의 퇴화가 완료되는 발생 33 단계에 도달하면 성체인 개구리의 다층상피로 전환되었다. TUNEL 염색결과, 꼬리 퇴화과정중 apoptosis 세포의 출현은 원위부(distal region)의 꼬리에서 시작되어 몸통 쪽의 근위부(proximal region)로 이행되었고, 동일 상피층에서는 내강부로부터 기저부로 전이되는 특성을 보였다. 투과 전자현미경 관찰 결과, 세포자멸사에 의한 초기의 변형은 인접세포와의 세포간극이 사라지고 밀착된 후, 핵의 모양이 불규칙해지고 염색질이 응축되었다. 이어서 세포질에 다수의 자유 리보솜이 나타나고, 핵의 분절이 일어난 후, apoptotic body가 출현하며, 이들은 최종적으로 라멜라 구조를 지닌 잔여소체(residual body)를 형성하였다 The programed cell death of the cutaneous epithelial tissue during tail regression stages in anuran tadpoles of the blackspotted frog, Rana nigromaculata were visualized by the histochemical and transmission electron microscopic techniques. Metamorphotic changes in the tail regression during the period of the Shumway stage number 31 to 33 are characterized by the disappearance of mucous layer and formation of compound epithelium through cutaneous thickening. Following the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated d-uridine triphosphate nick end labeling) staining technique, the apoptotic cells were detected at the distal region of the tail skin initially, but they can be seen at the proximal region according to their following development. It has been also revealed that the number of the TUNEL-positive cells gradually increased from apical to basal direction of the epithelial layers during the tail regressing stages. Following the TEM observation, the early apoptotic cells shown in the epithelium demonstrated condensation and margination of the chromatin material at the nuclear periphery. Another epithelial apoptotic cells were shown nuclear fragmentation, membrane blebbing and cytoplasmic condensation. Following the process of the apoptotic degradation, well preserved organelles and nuclear fragments can be identified in the cytoplasm of lysosome-rich cells, however they soon reduced to lysosomal residual bodies through the progressive degradation.

제주도에서 고도변화가 북방산개구리(Rana dybowskii)의 배발생과 초기 유생의 성장에 미치는 영향

구교성,한상현,오홍식 한국양서·파충류학회 2015 한국양서·파충류학회지 Vol.6 No.1

In order to reveal the effect of altitudinal change on Rana dybowskii, we examined the developmental stage of embryos using site-shifting eggs. The developing eggs were collected from two different localities of 269m and 1,114m from the sea level and shifted into three different altitudes (27, 308 and 1,098m). The preliminary results have shown that we have found the tadpoles rather than developing embryos within the egg-clutches in low altitude site (average 25m) but the early-stage embryos have been mostly found in high altitude site rather than tadpoles (average 1,101m). The results from site-shifting experiments we found that the eggs of 27m showed the fastest development procedure and earliest hatching time and those of 1,098m did the slowest development and the latest hatching time. The measurement results of the hatched tadpoles of 269m-eggs from three different altitudes showed that the highly significant differences in the least square means in snout-ventral length (SVL) (P < 0.001), although there is no difference in head width (HW) (P > 0.05). The tadpoles hatched were smaller in higher altitude site. On the other hand, the levels of SVL and HW in 1,114m-eggs were significantly greater in low altitude tadpoles than those from high altitude individuals (P < 0.001). Difference in temperature of air and water with change in altitude might be the influencing factor for embryonic development of R. dybowskii. In conclusion, this study suggested that monitoring of developmental procedure of amphibian plays an important role for understanding the climate change and global warming as they are one of the biological indicators.

Expression of a Carboxy-Terminal Deletion Mutant of Recombinant Tadpole H-Chain Ferritin in Escherichia coli

Lee, Mi-Young,Kim, Young-Taek,Kim, Kyung-Suk Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1996 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.29 No.5

In order to study the role of the protein shell in both iron uptake and iron core formation of ferritin, we constructed a deletion mutant of the ferritin gene and expressed the mutant gene in Escherichia coli, This mutant was obtained by introducing an amber mutation at position Pro-157 and a deletion of the 19 amino acid residues at the carboxy-terminus of the recombinant tadpole H-chain ferritin. The deleted amino acids correspond to E-helix forming the hydrophobic channel in the protein. E. coli harboring the plasmid pTHP157, which contains the deleted gene, was grown at $23^{\circ}C$ in the presence of 0.1 mM IPTG, and the induced protein appeared to be partly soluble. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the expressed mutant H-chains coassemble into holoprotein, suggesting that E-helix is not necessary for assembly of the subunits as reported for human H-chain ferritin. Its ability in iron core formation was proven in an Fe staining gel, the result disagreeing with the observation that the hydrophobic channel is necessary for iron core formation in human H-chain ferritin.