Urban geology of Tabriz City: Environmental and geological constraints

Azarafza, Mohammad,Ghazifard, Akbar Techno-Press 2016 Advances in environmental research Vol.5 No.2

Urban geology is the study of urban geologic environments to provide a scientific basis for rational land use planning and urban development and provides information on geologic environments as a basis for city planners. Based on AEG recommendations, urban geological studies covered the urbanism and historical backgrounds, geological setting, engineering geological constraints and environmental assessments of understudied cities. The aim of this study is to provide a good view of urban geology of Tabriz city the capital of East Azerbaijan province in Iran. The topics of discussions about Tabriz city urban geology are included geologic (geomorphology, geology, climatology and hydrogeology), engineering geological (earthquake, landslide and geotechnical hazards investigations) and environmental characteristics (air, soil and water hazards assessment).The results of the urban geologic studies indicated that Tabriz city in terms of engineering geological and environmental constraints is at high risk potential and in terms of seismic activity and landslide instability is highly potential. In terms of air, soil and water pollution there are many important environmental concern in this city.

Tabriz on the Silk Roads: Thirteenth-Century Eurasian Cultural Connections

Prazniak, Roxann The Asian Association of World Historians 2013 The Asian review of world histories Vol.1 No.2

Tabriz under Mongol Ilkhanate rule commanded a global reach in the thirteenth-century Afro-Eurasian world. Tabriz functioned during this period not only as a commercial emporium and diplomatic center but as a seat of innovative artistic and intellectual activity. Consideration of Tabriz as a world historical city offers insight into the economic and social dynamics that shaped a critical passage in Eurasia's history including regions of the Mediterranean and East Asian zones.

The Role of Culture and Economy in Development of Urban Tourism : Case Study-City of Tabriz

Hassan Esmaeilzadeh,Zahra Afzali Goruh,Jaber Roy De,l,Amir Kashani Asl,Vahid Salahi Sarikhan Biglou 한국문화관광학회 2022 문화관광연구 Vol.24 No.1

Nowadays urban tourism as a clean industry, is considered as one of the significant & effective factors in the economic, social & cultural developments of the cities, that its progress requires the creation & reinforcement of proper cultural & constructive infrastructures, under the integrated urban management. Dynamism & attractiveness of urban Spaces, especially in cities with ancient civilization depend on different factors that the most important one of them is found in the richness of indigenous culture & leading industry with thriving economy & these spaces as the center of tourism, create many opportunities for tourists. In this Study, with respect to the importance of the matter, it has been tried to survey the role of urban culture & economy in attracting tourists with a descriptive -analytic approach in a scientific environment. In this regard, after reviewing the related concepts & comments, it has been investigated on these issues, that the result of the study show that the tourism environment of Tabriz has been affected by the cultural & economic environments and approximately covers whole the city. There is also a strong relationship among visitors, the culture of Islamic-Iranian Society and urban dynamic economy. At the end of the study some general recommendations has been offered in line with the promotion of this relation & development of Tourism in infrastructures.

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses and Obtaining Uniform Hazard Spectra of Tabriz, Iran

H. R. Razeghi,G. Ghodrati Amiri,S. A. Razavian Amrei,M. A. Rahimi 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.20 No.5

In this study Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis is carried out for Tabriz region and results are presented by spectral isoacceleration maps and Uniform Hazard Spectra (UHS) for two levels of hazard. To achieve this goal, at first a catalog of all the historical and instrumentally recorded earthquakes covering timeline from 858 up to 2010, in a radius of 200 km around Tabriz city, has been gathered and processed for elimination of the aftershocks and foreshocks from main occurrences list and then seismicity parameters have been obtained by Kijko (2000) method. The seismic sources of the considered region have been studied and modeled. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is implemented for 22*17 grid points over Tabriz region and it’s vicinity using SEISRISK III (1987) software by employing four attenuation relationships and two relationships between earthquake maximum magnitude and fault rupture length. The Results are combined using logic tree method and shown by spectral acceleration maps and Uniform Hazard Spectra with 2 and 10% probability of exceedence (PE) in 50 years for two types of soil.

Relationships of Fear of Breast Cancer and Fatalism with Screening Behavior in Women Referred to Health Centers of Tabriz in Iran

Ghahramanian, Akram,Rahmani, Azad,Aghazadeh, Ahmad Mirza,Mehr, Lida Emami Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.9

Background: Fear and fatalism have been proposed as factors affecting breast cancer screening, but the evidence is not strong. This study aimed to determine relationships of fear and fatalism with breast cancer screening behavior among Tabriz women in Iran. Materials and Methods: In a cross- sectional study, 370 women referred to 12 health centers in Tabriz were selected with two-stage cluster sampling and data regarding breast cancer screening, fatalism and fear of breast cancer were collected respectively with a checklist for screening performance, Champions Fear and Pow Fatalism Questionnaires. Data were analyzed by logistic regression with SPSS software version 16. Results: Only 43% and 23% of participants had undergone breast self- examination and clinical breast examination. Among women older than 40 years, 38.2% had mammography history and only 2.7% of them had done it annually. Although fatalism and fear had a stimulating effects on breast cancer screening performance th relationships were not significant (P>0.05). There was a negative significant correlation between fear and fatalism (r= -0.24, p=0.000). On logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.037, p<0.01) and income status (OR= 0.411, p<0.05) significantly explained BSE and age (OR=1.051, p<0.01) and body mass index (OR= 0.879, p<0.01) explained CBE. Also BMI (OR= 0.074, p<0.05) and income status (OR=0.155, p<0.01) was significantly effective for mammography following. Conclusions: Breast cancer screening behavior is inappropriate and affected by family livelihood status and lifestyle leads to weight gain, so that for promoting of screening behaviors, economic support to families, lifestyle modification and public education are suggested.

Consolidation deformation of Baghmisheh marls of Tabriz, Iran

Jalali-Milani, Shahrokh,Asghari-Kaljahi, Ebrahim,Barzegari, Ghodrat,Hajialilue-Bonab, Masoud Techno-Press 2017 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.12 No.4

Vast parts of the east of Tabriz city have been covered by Baghmisheh formation marls. These marls can be classified into three types based on their color as identified in yellow, green, and gray marls. Many high-rise buildings and other projects were founded and now is constructing on these marls. Baghmisheh formation marls are classified as stiff soil to very weak rock, therefore they undergo considerable consolidation settlement under foundation loads. This study presents the physical properties and consolidation behavior of these marls. According to the XRD tests, major clay minerals of marls are Illite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite and Chloride. Uniaxial compressive strength are 100-250, 300-480 and 500-560 kPa for yellow, green and gray marls, respectively. Consolidation and creep behavior of Baghmisheh marls investigated by using of one dimensional consolidation apparatus under stress level up to 5 MPa. The results indicate that yellow marls have high compressibility, settlement and deformation modules. Green marls have an intermediate compressibility and settlement and while gray marls have low compressibility and settlement and from the foundation point of view have high stability. According to the creep test results, all types of marls have not been entered to progressive creep phase up to pressure 5 MPa.

13-14세기 몽골 일칸국의 페르시아어 복음서 역본들의 역사성과 유사성

곽문석 (재)천주교수원교구 수원교회사연구소 2017 교회사학 Vol.0 No.14

This essay explains the relationship between Persian Diatessaron and Persian Four Gospels translated in the 13th-14th century. First, the historical background of the two versions is the same. For this purpose, the preface and colophon of the two documents were analyzed, and their contents were compared with the historical records of the Mongol empire period recorded in Syriac. They include works of BarHebraeus, Yahballaha III and Rabban Sauma. This confirms that the two documents were made by Christians from Tabriz in the Ilkhanate in the 13th-14th century. Next, the terminology used in the two versions is the same, and they share sentences with the same vocabulary and structure. For the proof, terms such as "disciple", "salvation" and "synagogue" and phrases shared by the two documents are presented. This confirms that both documents have the same Persian Bible translation tradition. As a result, these two documents will be a very important primary source for the study of the forgotten history of Persian Christianity in the Ilkhanate Furthermore, it will be the cornerstone of the study of Christian history and biblical tradition in the Mongol empire. 이 논문은 《페르시아어 디아테사론》과 《페르시아어 사복음서》의 관계를 해명하는 글이다. 먼저, 두 역본 간의 역사적 배경이 동일하다는 사실이다. 이를 증명하기 위해서 두 문헌의 서문과 간기(刊記)를 분석하였고, 그 내용을 시리아어로 기록된 몽골 제국 시기의 역사적 기록물들과 비교하였다. 그들은 바르헤브라이우스(BarHebraeus)의 역사서와 야흐발라하 3세(Yahballaha III)와 랍반 사우마(Rabban Sauma)의 순례기 등이다. 이를 통해서 두 문헌이 13-14세기 일칸국(Ilkhanate)의 타브리즈(Tabriz) 출신의 기독교인들에 의해 만들어졌다는 사실을 확인했다. 다음으로, 두 역본에서 사용하고 있는 전문 용어가 같으며, 어휘와 구조가 같은 문장들을 공유하고 있다는 것이다. 증명을 위해, 두 문헌이 공유하고 있는 “제자”, “구원”, “회당” 등의 전문 용어들과 문장들을 제시하였다. 이는 두 문헌이 같은 페르시아어 성경 번역 전통을 가지고 있다는 사실을 확인시켜주고 있다. 결과적으로 이 두 문헌은 잊혀졌던 일칸국의 페르시아 기독교 역사 연구를 위한 매우 중요한 일차 자료가 될 것이다. 더 나아가 몽골 기독교 역사와 성경 전통 연구를 위한 초석이 될 것이다.

Survival Analysis of Breast Cancer Patients in Northwest Iran

Ziaei, Jamal Eivazi,Sanaat, Zohreh,Asvadi, Iraj,Dastgiri, Saeed,Pourzand, Ali,Vaez, Jalil Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among Iranian women; however limited studies have been conducted to address survival rates. Objective: The objective was to examine survival rates in Tabriz (Northwest of Iran) and comparing with those of data reported from other cities and countries. Methods: Survival rates were calculated for one, three, five, seven and ten years for 271 breast cancer patients referred to one university clinic during 1997-2008. Results: Survival analysis demonstrated a lower survival rate compared to western countries. Conclusions: Survival rates for our patients are similar/better than other cities in Iran, but lower than certain European countries and the US. Further studies with a higher number of patients are now required.

THE SILK TRADE FROM ILKHANIDS TO AQQOYUNLU

MUSTAFAYEV, SHAHIN Academia Via Serica 2016 Acta Via Serica Vol.1 No.1

The initial phase of the Mongol invasion resulted in the establishment of relative political stability in the vast expanses of Eurasia, which came under the control of a single political entity - the Mongol realm. This contributed to a fairly rapid restoration of the commercial links and trade routes between the East and the West. During this period, Chinese silk again became available in large quantities in the Western markets. At the same time, the beginning of silk production and manufacturing of silk fabrics in Italy and the fashion flash for these goods in Western countries affected trade between Europe and the Muslim world. The centers of silk production in the Ilkhanid Empire were some provinces of Azerbaijan and Persia, where from it was exported in large numbers along the trade routes of Anatolia and Syria to the Mediterranean ports and further to the west. There are numerous testimonies of European travelers, and Muslim authors related the international silk trade in 13th-15th centuries, ie in the era from the Mongol Ilkhanid Empire till the reign of the Turkman Aqqoyunlu dynasty. One of the most informative documentary sources on this issue are the legislative codes (kanuname) of sultan Uzun Hasan from the Aqqoyunlu dynasty regarding the eastern provinces of the Asia Minor. This article presents and analyzes the information from these documents concerning the whole range of goods related to silk and silk fabrics trade in the period under the consideration.