골프스윙시 체중이동 곡선 유형에 대한 연구

백송원(Baek Song-Won),김창욱(Kim Chang-Wook) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

This research introduced that It can recognize the weight shift type while golf swing and It can understand a special quality of golf swing. When they back swing, right and left weight variation which was showing that the beginning of take away they moved too much weight and the weight variation was reduced at the top of back swing. These cases are from right side movement of swing axis, lower body , and head sway. These effects bring about that they could not make a nomal orbit by the reverse pivot when they down swing. While down swing, It is the best way that they have to move a left foot quickly by lead of lower body. The beginners and plump people could not turn their left foot because the pelvis has slowed. As a special they moved with left foot at the beginning of down swing and they moved weight on the right foot at the impact and then it moved on left foot at follow through. These actual states are from the most young player and a long - ball hitter. It isn't from women's players. Generally, they put their weight in front when they swing. The most people moved the body in front about the weight distribution at backswing top. After follow through, they leap up the upper body behind the left foot quickly so many times.

골프 스택&틸트 스윙과 모던 스윙의 비교

김용운,손지훈 한국골프학회 2015 골프연구 Vol.9 No.3

최근 새로운 스윙이론으로 체중이동(weight shift)을 최소화한 스택&틸트(stack & tilt) 스윙이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 기존의 모던 스윙과 비교를 통해 스택&틸트 스윙의 기술적 특성을 탐색하는 데 있다. 모던 스윙 골퍼 5명과 스택&틸트 스윙 골퍼 2명을 대상으로 5번 아이언 샷의 운동학적(kinematic), 운동역학적(kinetic) 요인 을 비교, 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 주요 국면별 소요시간과 상·하체의 코일링 정도를 나타내는 X-factor에서는 스 택&틸트 스윙과 모던 스윙간의 의미 있는 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 어드레스와 임팩트 순간에 몸통(trunk)의 측 면 굴곡(lateral flexion)은 모던 스윙에 비해 스택&틸트 스윙에서 크게 나타났다. 특히 좌우 지면반력(GRF), 신체 중심(COG), 압력중심(COP) 등으로 분석한 체중이동 요인에서 스택&틸트 스윙은 모던 스윙에 비해 다운스윙 구간 (phase) 전체에서 왼발에 싣는 체중의 비율을 높게 유지하며 보다 긴 범위에 걸쳐 체중을 이동시키는, 수평운동 (horizontal movement)이 보다 강화된 특성을 보였다. 결국 스택&틸트 스윙이 체중이동 측면에서 기존 스윙과 차 별화된 특성을 보였으며, 스택&틸트 스윙 이론에서 주장하는 체중이동의 최소화와는 상반된 결과가 나타났다. Recently golfers are interested in the stack and tilt swing, in which golfers are instructed to minimize their weight shifting in their golf swings. With this trend, the purpose of this study was to compare the stack and tilt swing and conventional modern golf swing in terms of kinematic and kinetic factors. For the purpose, five golfers with conventional golf swing and two golfers with the stack and tilt golf swing were selected, and swing time, X-factor, lateral flexion of trunk, GRF, COG, and center of pressure were measured. Results showed that golfers with the stack and tilt swing showed significantly bigger lateral flexion of trunk and longer horizontal movement, compared to modern swing golfers. However, no significant differences were observed in swing time and X-factor. Findings indicated that although the stack and tilt swing emphasizes minimized weight shifting, stack and tilt swing golfers did make weight shifting as much as what modern swing golfers would make. However, golfers with the stack and tilt swing showed distinctive characteristics of weight shifting patterns.

클럽 샤프트의 절단부위에 따른 샤프트 강도 및 스윙웨이터의 변화

김종환(Kim, Jung-Hwan),김정태(Kim, Jung-Tae) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.5

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of shaft strength based on the trimmed part(tip, butt) when cutting 0.5 inches of various types of iron shafts for accurate golf club fitting to accurately understand the changes of swing weight and change of strength of iron shafts pursuant to the increase of head weight, due to the head weight which increases by 7 g for each increase in the number of iron clubs, in order to suggest objective data for the manufacturing, repairing, and fitting of golf clubs. The conclusions are as follows. First, even when cutting steel shafts and graphite shafts, which have mechanical properties, in regular intervals, the margin of increase in strength did not appear to be consistent due to the difference in proportion per part and shaft joint, and only a slight increase appeared in the strength change when only cutting the butt end, due to the weight increase of the weight kit pertaining to the iron head. Second, when measuring strength by cutting the tip part of the shafts in 0.5 inches, an average increase of 3-3.5 CPM was exhibited even in the condition where the weight kit was assembled. Therefore, in practice, the strength difference for each number of the completely manufactured iron clubs will have to be produced so that it may increase consistently by an average of 3-3.5 CPM. Third, there was no difference in the amount of change in strength per weight and per quality of material by consistently cutting the shafts, whereas the amount of change in strength based on weight and quality of material did not show any increase or decrease except the change in strength appeared only based on length change. In addition, as a result of confirming the amount of change in swing weight by cutting a constant amount per weight and per quality of material of the shafts, there was no difference appeared in swing weight per trimmed part, however, regarding the change pursuant to shaft weight whereas the amount of change appeared to increase as the shaft was lighter in weight. Thus, for iron clubs using a light shaft, the head weight may have to be lighter compared to iron clubs having the same number but using a heavier shaft.

케틀벨 스윙 시 무게와 구간별 동작에 따른 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육 활성도 비교

이정노,신윤아 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.5

이 연구는 케틀벨 스윙 시 각 구간별 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도 차이를 알아보고, 케틀벨 스윙 시 구간별 무게에 따른 근활성도에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구대상은 케틀벨 지도자 자격을 소지한 숙련자 13명으로 선정하였다. 측정자의 우세측큰볼기근, 허리부 척주세움근, 배바깥빗근, 배곧은근에 전극을 부착하여 몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도를 측정하였다. 케틀벨 스윙은 ‘스윙 전 구간, 가속 구간, 스윙 구간, 스윙 마지막 구간, 복귀 구간’ 5구간으로 구분하여 근육의 활성도를 측정하였다. 본 연구에서몸통 및 엉덩이 근육의 활성도를 케틀벨 스윙의 각 구간과 무게에 따라서 근육 별로 분석한 결과, 배곧은근과 배바깥빗근 및 큰볼기근의 활성도는 구간별 차이가 나타났으며, 스윙 마지막 구간이 다른 모든 구간보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 척주세움근의 활성도는구간별 차이가 나타났으며, 가속 구간과 스윙 구간이 스윙 전 구간과 스윙 마지막 구간, 복귀 구간보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 따라서, 케틀벨 스윙의 구간에 따른 활성도 차이는 스윙 초기에서 중간단계인 스윙 전, 가속 및 스윙 구간에서는 척주 정렬의 안정화 유지를 위해 척주세움근이 가장 높게 나타났고, 스윙 중간단계 이후에는 엉덩관절의 폄으로 인한 큰볼기근의 활성도가 점점 높아졌으며, 스윙의 마지막 부분에서는 큰볼기근의 가장 높은 활성도를 나타냈으며 몸통의 정렬 유지와 안정화를 위한 강한 복부의 수축으로인해 배곧은근과 배바깥빗근의 활성도가 함께 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 복귀 구간인 다운-스윙에서는 큰볼기근의 활성도가 다른 근육들에 비하여 높은 상태를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 케틀벨 스윙 운동 시 이러한 근활성도의 동원과 역할을 인지하면서 스윙 동작을 연습하도록 지도하는 것이 부정확한 스윙 동작을 예방하여 부상의 위험을 줄이고, 정확하고 효과적인 스윙 방법을 숙달하는데 있어서 더 효율적일 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to find out the difference in activity of trunk and hip muscles according to phase during kettlebell swing, and to find out whether there was a difference in muscle activity according to the weight during kettlebell swing. The subjects of the study were selected as 13 skilled persons with kettlebell instructor qualifications. The activities of trunk and hip muscles were measured by attaching electrodes to the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle, the lumbar erector spinae (ES) muscle, the external oblique (EO) muscle, and the rectus abdominis (RA) muscle on the dominant side of the participates. Muscle Activity was measured kettlebell swing is divided into 5 phases: pre-swing phase, acceleration phase, swing phase, terminal swing phase, and return phase. In this study, as a result of analyzing the activity of the trunk and hip muscles according to weight and phases during the kettlebell swing, the activities of the RA, EO, and GM muscle showed a difference according to phase, and the last phase of the swing showed significantly higher than all phases. There was a difference in the activity of the ES muscle according to phase, and the acceleration and swing phases were significantly higher than the pre-swing, the last of swing, and the return phases. Therefore, the activity difference according to the kettlebell swing phase was the highest in the ES muscle for stabilizing the alignment of the spine in the pre-swing, acceleration and swing phases, which are the initial to intermediate stages of the swing. After the mid-swing phase, the activity of the GM muscle gradually increased due to the extension of the hip joint. At the end of the swing, the GM muscle showed the highest activity, and the activities of the RA and EO muscles increased together due to strong abdominal contraction to maintain alignment and stabilization of the trunk. In the down-swing, which is the return section, the activity of the GM muscle remained higher than that of other muscles. Taken together, it is suggested that teaching to recognize the mobilization and role of these muscle activities during kettlebell swing exercise during practice swing movements will be more effective in preventing inaccurate swing movements, reducing the risk of injury, and mastering accurate and effective swing methods.

족압 측정장비를 이용한 기능성 골프이너웨어와 스윙보조도구 착용 시 족압의 비교 분석

신창훈,오주환,권대규 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

For the comparative analysis of foot pressure when wearing functional golf inner wear and swing aids, the following conclusions were obtained as a result of measuring pedar-X system with 12 beginner golfers. In comparison of the weight shift foot pressure in the address section, the left and right foot pressure distributions were similar for each tool, with none (8.7%), arm band (7%), air band (19.1%), and wearing (6.5%). In the back swing section, none (54%), arm band (54.6)%, air band (59.3%), and wearing (65.4%) showed the most movement of weight with the right foot when wearing functional inner wear. In the back swing top section, the changes in the strength of the left and right feet tended to predominantly shift the weight toward the right foot when wearing, arm band (34.6%) and wearing (41.6%). In the downswing section, none (35.6%), arm band (9.2%), air band (28.9%), and wearing (9.4%) showed the most efficient weight transfer when wearing. In the impact section, 62.9% when wearing, more weight movement occurred than none (12.4%), arm band (4.7%), and air band (26.7%). In the follow-throw section, the weight movement width of the left foot was the largest with 59.4% when wearing while compared to none (31.7%), arm band (52%), and air band (45%). In conclusion, it is judged that the kinematic functional inner wear, which can efficiently move weight through arm-to-body coordination among golf swing aids, will help beginner golfers to practice swing.

가중치 추출 기법의 비교: AHP, JA, Swing기법을 중심으로

김윤주 ( Yoon Ju Kim ),심준섭 ( Jun Seop Shim ) 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2007 국가정책연구 Vol.21 No.1

기존의 정책분야와 관련한 의사결정 연구는 집단을 분석단위로 하여 종합적인 가중치를 추출하는데 초점이 맞추어졌으며, 매우 한정된 가중치 추출 기법만이 사용 되었다. 본 연구의 궁극적인 목적은 의사결정 분석기법들 간의 가중치 추출방법의 차이를 고찰하는 것이다. 본 연구를 위해 다양한 가중치 추출기법들 중 폭넓게 사용되고 있으며, 효용을 인정받고 있는 AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process)와 JA(Judgement Analysis), Swing(Swing weight method)기법을 논의 및 비교 하였다. 본 연구에서는 각 기법들의 이론적 측면과 방법적 측면, 적용의 측면에서 접근하였다. 연구의 결과로 각 기법들 간의 차이가 존재함을 확인하였다. 따라서 향후의 연구에서는 적용 목적, 대상, 또는 방법 등을 고려하여 상황에 가장 적합한 가중치 추출 기법이 선택되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 앞으로의 가중치 추출 기법의 비교 연구와 개인을 분석 단위로 하는 가중치 추출 기법의 적용연구를 제시하는데 의의를 갖는다. It has long been discussed how to make a rational decision with uncertainty and various information. This study aims to compare methods of decision making process focusing on the weight elicitation. To accomplish the research goal, we compared three methods: Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP), Judgment Analysis(JA), and Swing weigh method(SW). Those methods have been widely used and showed their practical applicability. This paper starts with a comparison of theoretical facets of each methodology. It also considers both methodological standpoint and practical application of each method. From this study, these three methods show somehowdifferences which stem from theoretical and technological diversity of the weight elicitation. Therefore, this study concludes that every weight extracting methods should be accurately used with moreconsideration about subject, object, and method of study.

The Effect of the Modified Bent Arm Torando Exercises to Weight Movement and Muscle Activity when Doing Drive Swing Motion from the Top to Impact Section

배상규,윤수빈,김종원,이종경,박지원 대한물리치료학회 2022 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the modified bent arm tornado exercise on weight shift movement and muscle activity of the impact section in the top of the drive swing. Methods: Twenty subjects were divided professional golfer group and amateur golf group. Subjects were required to complete following modified bent arm tornado exercise. The activity and weight shift of the gluteus group and lower extremity muscles between the two groups were measured and the Wilcoxon rank test was analyzed. Results: The distribution of weight shift in the professional golfer group was higher than that of the amateur golfer group (p<0.05). During the golf downswing of the professional golfer group, muscle activation of the lower extremities was higher than that of the amateur golfer group (p<0.05). The distribution of weight shift after exercise by the amateur golfer group was higher than before (p<0.05). Conclusion: We could confirm was increased significantly of muscle activity and weight shift by applying modified bent arm tornado exercise through this study. This result suggests that exercise is needed to improve weight shift.

KPGA 선수들의 드라이버 및 아이언 스윙 시 체중비중과 변동성 분석

조준행,고영철 한국골프학회 2019 골프연구 Vol.13 No.2

[목적] 본 연구는 드라이버와 7번 아이언 스윙 시 좌우 체중비중과 변동성에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 살펴보는데 목 적이 있다. [방법] KPGA 프로선수 9명이 드라이버 샷과 7번 아이언 샷을 각각 3회를 실시하였으며, 8대의 적외선 카메라와 2대의 지면반력기를 통해 각 스윙 시 개인별, 클럽 간 좌측 하지의 체중 비중 및 변동성을 평가하였다. [결과] 임팩트 시점에서 모든 선수가 두 클럽 모두 좌측 하지에 체중비중이 높았으며, 7번 아이언 스윙 시 좌측 하 지의 체중 비중이 유의하게 높았고(p<.01, d=1.089), 변동성은 드라이버 스윙 시 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다(p<.05, d=-.924). [결론] 이러한 결과는 성공적인 골프 스윙에서 필요로 하는 비거리 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있지만, 드라이버 임팩트 시 증가된 변동성은 일관성 있는 스윙에는 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of weight distribution and variability on left lower limb during driver and 7 iron swing. [Method] 9 professional golfers(KPGA) conducted 3 times each of driver shot and 7 iron shot. Eight infrared cameras and two force platforms assessed weight distribution and variability at the address, top of backswing, and impact. [Result] At the impact, all the athletes had a high weight in the left lower limb of both clubs and a significant weight gain in the left lower limb in the 7th iron swing (p<.01, d=1.089) (p<.05, d=-.924), and variability was significantly greater in the driver swing (p<.05, d=-.924). [Conclusion] These results may have a positive impact on the increase in distance required for a successful golf swing, however increased variability in driver impact may have a negative impact on the consistent swing.

연안정비사업 선정의 타당성 평가체계와 개선방향

장정인(Jeong In Chang),윤성순(Sung soon Yoon) 한국연안방재학회 2017 한국연안방재학회지 Vol.4 No.4

In this study, we dealt with the process of establishing more objective and scientific evaluation system to select coastal maintenance projects. The maintenance project evaluation system consists of an indicator evaluation, an on-site evaluation, and an expert evaluation. In order to maximize the merits of the individual evaluation stage and to supplement the limitations, a three-step evaluation system was adopted. In order to integrate the evaluation scores for each evaluation stage, the multi - attribute utility theory, which is one of the multi-criteria decision methodologies, was applied to derive the evaluation weights. In addition, this study examined the public interest and the need for policy through the survey of public awareness. In the case of policy makers, experts judged that business is important in terms of urgency, fitness for particular purpose, and appropriateness of project contents. However, citizens who are beneficiaries of the project judged that the appropriateness of project contents is most important. In addition, we reviewed the recent progress of the post - management system after the coastal maintenance project and discussed the issues to be considered when establishing the coastal maintenance plan. In the long term, it is necessary to link up post - management system with evaluation systems when establishing the next maintenance project.

선자세에서 가벼운 무게로 팔 흔들기가 선행적 자세조절과 자세안정성에 미치는 영향

남혜선 ( Hye-sun Nam ),김중휘 ( Joong-hwi Kim ) 대한신경치료학회 2017 신경치료 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose The Aim of this study was to investigate the activation time of trunk muscles and characteristics of the movement of center of pressure (COP) during arm swing with a light weight in standing. Methods Thirty health subjects (14 males, 16 females) participated in this study. Arm swing was performed for 10 trials without and with a weight at 1.2Hz frequency toward anterior and posterior direction. Electromyography (EMG) was used to determine muscle activation time and Biorescue was used to measure characteristics of the movement of COP. Surface bipolar electrodes were applied over the right anterior deltoid, the right latissimus dorsi, both rectus abdominis, both internal oblique, and both erector spinae. The data were analyzed by repeated one_way ANOVA and Duncan`s post hoc. Results The results were as follows: There were significant differences with muscle activation time in all muscles except the ipsilateral internal oblique between conditions of arm swing without and with a weight (p<0.01). There were significant differences with characteristics of the COP (sway area, length, and speed) between conditions of arm swing without and with a weight (p<0.01). Conclusion The arm swing with a light weight evokes the more rapid EMG activity of ipsilateral trunk muscles and the increasing movement of COP. The findings highlight the importance of investigating the role of the light weight during arm swing in anticipatory postural adjustment and posture stability in maintaining control of vertical posture.