Growth and solute pattern of Suaeda maritima and Suaeda asparagoides in an abandoned salt field

최성철,추연식,임성환,김상훈,최덕균,김종국 한국생태학회 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4

To investigate the environmental adaptation and ecophysiological characteristics of Suaeda maritima and S. asparagoides under saline conditions, plant growth and density were analyzed according to environmental changes of habitats. The total ion content of soil decreased with time, which was caused by the predominance of exchangeable Na+ and Cl- in the upper layers. The population of S. maritima was more densely distributed in the region with higher ion contents of Cl-, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ than the population of S. asparagoides. Both species were showed a decreased population density according to increases in plant growth. Under the conditions of a salt field, S. maritima and S. asparagoides contained high inorganic ions to maintain low water potential, but low water soluble carbohydrate contents. In the case of free amino acid, S. maritima showed an especially high proline content, and contained rather large amounts of free amino acids, whereas S. asparagoides did not. Both species showed high inorganic ion contents in the leaves, which might be a mechanism of avoiding the ionic toxicity by diluting the accumulated ionic concentration with a high ratio of water content to dry weight. This result suggests that S. maritima seems to adapt to saline conditions by accumulating proline in addition to inorganic ions. S. asparagoides seems to adapt by osmoregulation processes, using inorganic ions rather than free amino acids.

Growth and solute pattern of Suaeda maritima and Suaeda asparagoides in an abandoned salt field

Choi, Sung-Chul,Lim, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Sang-Hun,Choi, Deok-Gyun,Kim, Jong-Guk,Choo, Yeon-Sik The Ecological Society of Korea 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4

To investigate the environmental adaptation and ecophysiological characteristics of Suaeda maritima and S. asparagoides under saline conditions, plant growth and density were analyzed according to environmental changes of habitats. The total ion content of soil decreased with time, which was caused by the predominance of exchangeable $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ in the upper layers. The population of S. maritima was more densely distributed in the region with higher ion contents of $Cl^-$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$ and $Na^+$ than the population of S. asparagoides. Both species were showed a decreased population density according to increases in plant growth. Under the conditions of a salt field, S. maritima and S. asparagoides contained high inorganic ions to maintain low water potential, but low water soluble carbohydrate contents. In the case of free amino acid, S. maritima showed an especially high proline content, and contained rather large amounts of free amino acids, whereas S. asparagoides did not. Both species showed high inorganic ion contents in the leaves, which might be a mechanism of avoiding the ionic toxicity by diluting the accumulated ionic concentration with a high ratio of water content to dry weight. This result suggests that S. maritima seems to adapt to saline conditions by accumulating proline in addition to inorganic ions. S. asparagoides seems to adapt by osmoregulation processes, using inorganic ions rather than free amino acids.

<i>In vitro</i> skin permeation and cellular protective effects of flavonoids isolated from <i>Suaeda asparagoides</i> extracts

Park, Soo Nam,Kim, Sun Young,Lim, Gyu Nam,Jo, Na Rae,Lee, Min Hye Elsevier 2012 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.18 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The objective of this study was to compare astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) isolated from <I>Suaeda asparagoides</I> extract with kaempferol, an aglycone of astragalin showing the anti-oxidative activity, the cellular protective effect, and skin permeability. Kaempferol was superior to (+)-α-tocopherol and <SMALL>L</SMALL>-ascorbic acid known as strong antioxidants in the antioxidative activity by DPPH method and chemiluminescence assay. Astragalin and kaempferol exhibited more prominent cellular protective effect than the lipid peroxidation chain blocker, (+)-α-tocopherol. In this <I>in vitro</I> permeation experiment of astragalin and kaempferol through the ICR mouse skin, kaempferol permeated deeper into the skin than astragalin. These results indicate that kaempferol and astragalin can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to solar radiation, and protect cellular membranes against reactive oxygen species.</P>

나문재 가루를 첨가한 식빵의 품질특성에 관한 연구

홍금주(Geum-Ju Hong),김명희(Myung-Hee Kim) 한국식공간학회 2024 식공간연구 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구에서는 기능성을 함유하고 있는 나문재 가루를 식빵에 첨가하여 기능성식빵 개발의 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 나문재 가루의 첨가량을 달리한 식빵을 제조(0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%)하여 품질특성을 측정하였다. 나문재 가루에는 수분 5.34%, 회분 21.03%, 단백질 32.08%, 지방 5.12%였고, DPPH free radical 소거능은 90.24%로 나타났다. 나문재 가루의 명도 50.54, 적색도 -11.77, 황색도 26.17로 나타났고, 식빵의 수분함량은 나문재 가루 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으나 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이는 없었다. pH는 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, 식빵의 무게는 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였고, 부피와 비용적, 굽기손실율은 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 경도, 씹힘성은 나문재 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, 응집성은 나문재 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 탄력성은 첨가량에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었다. 관능특성은 1%, 2% 첨가군이 외관, 색, 향, 맛, 전반적인 기호도에서 높은 선호도를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 나문재 가루 첨가 빵 제조 시 나문재 가루 2%까지 첨가하였을 때 외관, 색, 향, 맛, 전반적인 기호도 등의 관능적 특성이 우수하였으며. 기능성이 향상된 식빵제조가 가능하였다. 이를 통하여 기능성 식빵 개발의 기초자료로써의 사용과 제과제빵산업에 응용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시할 것으로 기대한다. 또한, 나문재는 항산화성의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 건강증진에 도움이 될 수 있으며, 기능성 식빵의 제조에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있음을 시사하며, 나아가 다양한 식품 제품에 대한 새로운 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료됩니다. This study examined the quality characteristics of bread enriched with Suaeda asparagoides powder, including antioxidative activity, at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. Analysis of Suaeda asparagoides powder revealed a moisture content of 5.34%, ash content of 21.03%, protein content of 32.08%, fat content of 5.12%, and a DPPH-free radical scavenging ability of 90.24%. The moisture content of the bread decreased with an increase in Suaeda asparagoides powder, although the difference was not significant. Conversely, the pH of the bread increased with higher concentrations of Suaeda asparagoides powder. The addition of Suaeda asparagoides powder led to an increase in weight, while the volume, cost, and baking loss rate decreased with higher concentrations. Hardness increased with greater amounts of Suaeda asparagoides powder, whereas springiness remained unchanged between the control group and the group with added Suaeda asparagoides powder. Sensory evaluation revealed that bread with 2% Suaeda asparagoides powder received the highest scores for color, flavor, taste, and overall preference. These results suggest that 2% is the optimal concentration of Suaeda asparagoides powder for enhancing the sensory quality and functional benefits of the bread.

鹽生植物 나문재의 生育特性과 利用可能性

이봉호,문윤호,정병춘,김관수,류수노 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

기능성식품 원료, 채소, 식물성 소금 재료 및 제염식물 등으로 개발이 유망시되는 염생식물인 나문재의 육지부 재배 가능성을 조사하고, 내륙지방에서의 작물화 가능성을 검토코자 전남 서해안의 염전 부근에 자생하는 나문재의 종자와 식물체를 공시하여 내륙지방인 전남 무안군 소재의 『목포시험장』포장에서 시험하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 나문재는 식물체를 이식하여도 생육이 양호할 뿐만 아니라 2년 묵은 종 자에서도 발아가 잘되었으며 발아소요 기간은 9일 정도 였고, 나문재의 생육은 소금기가 부족한 내륙에서도 비교적 양호하였으며, 병충해나 기타 재해도 거의 없어 내륙에서의 재배화 가능성이 높은 것으로 인정되었다. 나. 나문재의 생육에 미치는 소금물의 공급 효과를 검토하기 위해 1주일 간격으로 바닷물 농도의 소금물을 공급한 결과, 초장은 소금물을 공급한 것이 공급하지 않은 것 보다 양호하였으나 줄기의 굵기와 분지발생 수 는 소금물 공급효과가 크지 않았다. 다. 나문재의 생체중과 건물중은 종자파종의 경우 7월 10일 현재 소금물 처리구는 각각 주당 33.75g, 2.62g인데 비해 무처리구는 각각 23.52g, 1.84g으로서 소금물 처리구가 무겁고, 생체중에 대한 건물중의 비율은 대체로 7.14∼11.58% 범위로서 수분함량은 92.86∼88.42%정도 되는 다육식물 이었다. 라. 결론적으로 나문재는 소금기가 많은 곳에서 잘 생육할 뿐만 아니라 소금 기가 적은 곳에서도 생육이 비교적 양호하며, 식물전체에 짠맛을 가지고 있으므로 식물성 소금, 기능성 식품, 채소, 그리고 간척지나 음식물쓰레기의 염분제거 식물로서의 이용 가능성 등에 대한 보다 면밀한 검토가 필요하다고 보여진다. The plant of halophyte, Suaeda asparagoides MIQ, which is mainly inhabit on tidal flat was investigated on their growth characteristics and cultural traits on inland condition, in order to get some informations on it's possible use for functional food, vegetables, medicinal herb, and salt removing plant from tideland, or food-waste. The plant, Suaeda asparagoides M_IQ., is well grown on inland condition. But the salt applicated plants were better than those of the non-treated plants in its vegetable growth. The plant height is about 78.5cm in salt application, compared to the 64.5cm in non-treated plot. But the stem diameter and the number of branches are not better in salt application compared to the non-treated ones. However, the fresh weight and dry weight of the plant in salt-application are better than those of the non-treated ones, which means the total biomass is more productive by the salt application. As a conclusion, the plant Suaeda asparagoides M_IQ, seems to be an available plant and need to more discussion for possible use mentioned in the above sectors, from the results of inland cultivation of which well grown and characteristics.

대식세포에서 나문재 분말을 함유한 된장의 항염증 효과

길나영,최보영,여수환,김소영,Gil, Na-Young,Choi, Bo-Young,Yeo, Soo-Hwan,Kim, So-Young 한국식품영양학회 2019 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

Suaeda asparagoides (Miq.) is a salt marsh plant, long been prescribed in traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension and liver toxification in Asian countries. The powder of S. asparagoides was added at the ratio of 0, 5, and 10%, respectively, of grain-type Meju to manufacture Doenjang in brine according to the salt concentration (8 and 12%). After 24 weeks of fermentation, the Doenjang samples were determined to have an anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Doenjang added S. asparagoides powder extracted using 80% EtOH, was performed to study the inhibition of pro-inflammatory factors such as NF-κB (nuclar factor κB), NO (nitric oxide), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-6 (interleukin-6), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that the Doenjang extracts reduced the production of NO, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS increased in the LPS-stimulated RAW cell without cytotoxicity. In the case of the NF-κB and TNF-α there was no significant difference between the control and samples. In conclusion, these results suggest that Doenjang added with the S. asparagoides powder acts as functional fermented food with anti-inflammation effect.

마우스 회장 운동에 대한 나문재 (Suaeda asparagoides M_IQ) 추출물의 효과

송재찬,박창희,김현탁,메하리 엔델,이만휘,박승춘,김길수,김태완,Song, Jae-Chan,Park, Chang-Hee,Kim, Hyun-Tak,Endale, Mehari,Rhee, Man-Hee,Park, Seung-Chun,Kim, Kil-Soo,Kim, Tae-Wan 대한수의학회 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.4

Suaeda (S.) asparagoides $M_{IQ}$, one of the halophyte groups, has been used as a folk remedy for digestive disturbances in Korea. However, its pharmacological activity on gastrointestinal motility has not been reported yet. In this study, the effects of this halophyte extracts with various solvent fractions (ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) on mice ileal spontaneous motility was examined. All solvent fractions at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ showed inhibitory actions on spontaneous motility of ileum with the potency order of water > 70% ethanol > hexane ${\gg}$ chloroform ${\geq}$ butanol ${\geq}$ ethyl acetate, respectively. In addition, the water fraction of extracts from S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ (WFSA) dose-dependently ($1-100{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited the amplitude of spontaneous phasic contraction and area under the contractile curve (AUC). The inhibitory effect of water fraction at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ was not affected by tetrodotoxin (TTX), $Na^+$ channel blocker ($1{\mu}M$), and $N^w$-nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ($100{\mu}M$). However, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, $10{\mu}M$), inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase, almost blocked the inhibitory effects of WFSA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) on the spontaneous phasic contraction of mouse ileum. But, CPA did not inhibit the lowering basal tone effects of WFSA. The result of this study showed that various extracts of S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ induce inhibitory effects on spontaneous contraction of mice ileal segments. More over, the polar solvent fractions were shown to be more potent than non-polar solvent fractions. The effects of S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ extracts are not mediated by nerve or nitric oxide. The inhibitory effects of WFSA at least partially mediated by sarcoplasmic reticulum $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase. However, further study is required to determine the exact pharmacological mechanisms of this halophyte on its gastrointestinal motility inhibitory effects.

Inhibitory effect of Suaeda asparagoides (Miq.) extract on the motility of rat gastric antrum is mediated by β-adrenoceptor

Mehari Endale,Jae Chan Song,Man Hee Rhee,Kwang-Hyeon Liu,Taek-Kyum Kim,Joong Goo Kwon,Kyung Sik Park,Ki-Myung Chung,Tae Wan Kim 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.4

Suaeda asparagoides (Miq.) has long been used as a Korean folk herbal medicine for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, reports on its pharmacological activity on gastrointestinal motility are scarce. The present study investigated the effects of Suaeda asparagoides water fraction of the extract (SAWF) on antral motility in vitro. Muscle strips from rat gastric antrum were set up in an organ bath in a circular orientation. SAWF (100 μg/mL) inhibited the spontaneous contraction of antral circular muscle strips. These inhibitory effects were not significantly affected by tetrodotoxin (1 μM), Nω-Nitro-Larginine methyl ester hydrochloride (100 μM), 1H-(1, 2, 4)oxadiazolo(4, 3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (10 μM), ryanodine (10 μM) and phentolamine (10 μM). SAWF-induced inhibition was mostly restored by cyclopiazonic acid (10 μM). Furthermore, the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol (10 μM), abolished SAWFinduced inhibition. These results suggest that SAWF may exert its activity on gastrointestinal smooth muscle via â-adrenergic receptors and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase.

In vitro skin permeation and cellular protective effects of flavonoids isolated from Suaeda asparagoides extracts

박수남,Sun Young Kim,Gyu Nam Lim,Na Rae Jo,Min Hye Lee 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.2

The objective of this study was to compare astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) isolated from Suaeda asparagoides extract with kaempferol, an aglycone of astragalin showing the anti-oxidative activity, the cellular protective effect, and skin permeability. Kaempferol was superior to (+)-a-tocopherol and Lascorbic acid known as strong antioxidants in the antioxidative activity by DPPH method and chemiluminescence assay. Astragalin and kaempferol exhibited more prominent cellular protective effect than the lipid peroxidation chain blocker, (+)-a-tocopherol. In this in vitro permeation experiment of astragalin and kaempferol through the ICR mouse skin, kaempferol permeated deeper into the skin than astragalin. These results indicate that kaempferol and astragalin can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to solar radiation, and protect cellular membranes against reactive oxygen species.

Laxative effects of Suaeda asparagoides (Miq.) aqueous extracts on normal and constipation-induced mice

김태완,페르빈 로케야,진윤석 한국실험동물학회 2016 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.2