미더덕 껍질 추출물을 함유한 곤약의 제조 및 품질 분석

김시경(Si-Kyung Kim),김승완(Seung-Wan Kim),노수진(Su-Jin Noh),김연주(Yeon-Joo Kim),강지희(Ji-Hee Kang),이승철(Seung-Cheol Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.3

수산물 가공 부산물로 여겨지는 미더덕 껍질을 소재로 한 식품을 개발하기 위하여 건조한 미더덕 껍질에 물을 가하여 끓인 추출물을 얻은 후, 이를 이용하여 미더덕 껍질 추출물 함유 곤약을 제조하였다. 미더덕 껍질 추출물은 농도가 증가할수록 ABTS 라디칼 소거능이 증가한 것으로 보아 항산화능을 보유하고 있었다. 미더덕 껍질 추출물 함유 곤약의 색도는 미더덕 껍질 추출물의 함량이 증가할수록 L값은 감소하지만 a값과 b값은 증가하였고, 갈색도도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 미더덕 껍질 추출물의 함량이 증가할수록 곤약의 강도와 경도가 증가하였으며, 절곡검사 결과 모든 곤약에서 유연성과 탄력성이 우수하였다. 관능검사 결과, 맛과 향은 농도가 높아질수록 미더덕 특유의 맛과 향이 높게 나타났으며, 질감과 촉촉한 정도는 대조군을 포함한 모든 곤약에서 유의차를 보이지 않았고, 전체적인 선호도는 25% 농도의 미더덕 껍질 추출물을 함유한 곤약에서 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과는 적절한 농도의 미더덕 껍질 추출물을 이용하면 기존의 곤약과 비교하여 영양적, 물성적, 관능적으로 소비자들에게 긍정적인 반응을 보일 수 있는 제품이 제조될 수 있음을 시사한다. Styela (S.) clava (Korean name: miduduk) tunic is produced as a by-product after processing of S. clava. For utilizing this tunic, a konjac containing the tunic extracts was prepared and the qualities evaluated for their color, textural properties, and sensory attributes. The tunic extract was prepared by boiling tunic with water, followed by filtration through filter paper. Significant 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity was found in the tunic extract. Increasing the concentration of tunic extract in the konjac tended to decrease lightness (L) and increase the redness (a) and the yellowness (b) of the konjac. The strength and hardness of the konjac increased with increasing concentrations of the tunic extract. All test samples with a 3 mm thickness had good flexibility and did not break even after 4 times folds. In sensory evaluations, the konjac containing 25% S. clava tunic extracts acquired a relatively higher score. The results suggest that S. clava tunic can be applied to konjac products to improve their quality and functionality.

미더덕 껍질 분말을 함유한 어묵의 제조 및 품질 분석

최소연(So-Yeon Choi),최은영(Eun-Yeong Choi),이경은(Kyung-Eun Lee),송애선(Ae-Sun Song),박소현(So-Hyeon Park),이승철(Seung-Cheol Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.11

대부분 폐기되고 있는 미더덕 껍질을 활용한 고품질 어묵의 개발을 위하여 미더덕 껍질을 분말로 만들어서 이를 각각 0, 1, 2, 5%씩 첨가한 튀김어묵을 제조하였다. 미더덕 껍질분말의 함유량이 증가할수록 어묵 내부의 색도의 L값과 b값은 감소하는 경향, a값은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 어묵표면의 L값, a값, b값은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 물성검사 결과에서는 함유량이 증가할수록 강도와 경도는 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 유연성을 나타내는 절곡 검사에서는 대조군을 포함한 모든 첨가 군에서 AA가 나와 유연성과 탄력성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사의 결과로는 미더덕 껍질분말을 1% 첨가한 어묵의 경우에서 냄새, 색깔, 맛, 전반적인 수용도면에서 대조군과 비교하여 높은 수치를 나타내었으며, 분말 함유량이 그 이상으로 증가할수록 관능수치가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 미더덕 껍질 분말을 1% 정도 어묵에 첨가하면 영양적, 물성적, 관능적으로 소비자들에게 호감을 얻을 수 있는 고품질의 어묵이 제조될 수 있음을 시사한다. Styela clava (Korean name: miduduk) tunic was produced as a byproduct after processing of S. clava. To utilize S. clava tunic, fish paste containing tunic powder was prepared, and quality characteristics were evaluated for color, textural properties, and sensory attributes. Increasing the amount of S. clava tunic in fish paste tended to decrease lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values of the surface part of fish paste. Strength and hardness of fish paste increased with increasing amount of tunic. All test samples with 3 mm thickness showed good flexibility and did not break even after folding in half four times. For overall acceptance in the sensory evaluation, fish paste containing 1% S. clava tunic acquired a relatively higher score. These results suggest that S. clava tunic can be applied to fish paste products to improve quality and functionality.

Effects of different cellulose membranes regenerated from <i>Styela clava</i> tunics on wound healing

Song, Sung Hwa,Seong, Keum Yong,Kim, Ji Eun,Go, Jun,Koh, Eun Kyoung,Sung, Ji Eun,Son, Hong Joo,Jung, Young Jin,Kim, Hye Sung,Hong, Jin Tae,Hwang, Dae Youn UNKNOWN 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.39 No.5

<P>The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of three different cellulose membranes (CMs) manufactured from <I>Styela clava</I> tunics (SCTs) on the healing of cutaneous wounds. We examined the physical properties and therapeutic effects of three CMs regenerated from SCTs (referred to as SCT- CMs), including normal CM (SCT-CM), freeze-dried SCT-CM (FSCT-CM) and sodium alginate-supplemented SCT-CM (ASCT-CM) on skin regeneration and angiogenesis using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. FSCT-CM exhibited an outstanding interlayered structure, a high tensile strength (1.64 MPa), low elongation (28.59%) and a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) compared with the other SCT-CMs, although the fluid uptake rate was maintained at a medium level. In the SD rats with surgically wounded skin, the wound area and score of wound edge were lower in the FSCT-CM-treated group than in the gauze (GZ)-treated group on days 3–6 and 12–14. In addition, a significant attenuation in the histopathological changes was observed in the FSCT-CM-treated group. Furthermore, the expression level of collagen-1 and the signaling pathway of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were significantly stimulated by the topical application of FSCT-CM. However, no signs of toxicity were detected in the livers or kidneys of the three SCT-CM-treated groups. Overall, our data indicate that the FSCT-CM may accelerate the process of wound healing in the surgically wounded skin of SD rats through the regulation of angiogenesis and connective tissue formation without inducing any specific toxicity.</P>

Protective Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Styela Clava Tunic Against Apoptosis of HepG2 Cells Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

Eun Kyoung Koh(고은경),Young Ju Lee(이영주),Ji Eun Kim(김지은),Moon Hwa Kwak(곽문화),Jun Go(고준),Hong Joo Son(손홍주),Hee Seob Lee(이희섭),Young Jin Jung(정영진),Dae Youn Hwang(황대연) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

미더덕껍질(Styela clava tunic, SCT)은 항염증 복합체, 창상필름, 골재생 유도 등을 포함한 다양한 의학적인 치료영역에 이용 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미더덕껍질 열수추출물(aqueous extract of Styela clava tunic, AE-SCT)의 H₂O₂에 의해 유발된 세포사멸의 보호 효과를 알아보기 위하여 세포 활성도의 변화에 관련된 요인을 측정하였다. 그 결과, AE-SCT는 3.3 mg/g의 플라보노이드와 32.3 mg/g의 페놀화합물을 포함하고 있었으며, HepG2 세포주에 독성을 유발하지 않았다. 또한, H₂O₂ 처리 후 AE-SCT를 처리하는 실험에서 AE-SCT는 H2O2에 의해 유발된 세포사멸을 개선하는 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나, H₂O₂ 처리전에 AE-SCT를 사전 처리하는 예방효과 실험에서, 세포생존율은 H₂O₂만 처리한 그룹에 비하여 AE-SCT를 처리한 그룹에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 특히 AE-SCT를 50 μg/ml 처리한 농도에서 가장 높았다. 또한, FACS분석과 DAPI 염색에서도 사멸 세포의 수는 H₂O₂만 처리한 그룹에 비하여 AE-SCT를 처리한 그룹에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 더불어, H₂O₂의 처리에 의해 유도된 Bax/Bcl-2 발현비율은 AE-SCT처리에 의해 농도의존적으로 감소되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 AE-SCT가 H₂O₂에 의해 유발된 세포사멸을 예방하는 우수한 효과를 가지고 있음을 제시하고 있어 향후 다양한 항산화 제품 개발을 위한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Styela Clava tunic (SCT) has found some applications in many areas of medical treatment including as an anti-inflammatory compound, a wound healing film, in guided bone regeneration, and as a food additive. The protective effect of SCT aqueous extract (AE-SCT) on cell death induced by H₂O₂ treatment was investigated by measuring the changes in cell viability in HepG2 cells after AE-SCT treatment. High concentrations of antioxidant compounds including flavonoids (3.3 mg/g) and phenolics (32.3 mg/g) were detected in AE-SCT but no significant cytotoxicity was observed in HepG2 cells treated with AE-SCT. The viability of HepG2 cells was also not changed by treatment with different concentrations of AE-SCT after H₂O₂ treatment. However, cell viability was significantly increased in cells treated with three different concentrations of AE-SCT before H₂O₂ treatment. The greatest increase in cell viability was observed in the group treated with 50 μg/ml AE-SCT, when compared with vehicle-treated group. FACS and DAPI staining analysis indicated that the decrease in number of dead cells was dependent on the concentration of AE-SCT. Alterations in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio after H₂O₂ treatment were significantly restored by treatment with different concentrations of AE-SCT. These results indicate that AE-SCT, which contains high levels of antioxidants, may protect cells against death induced by H₂O₂ treatment.

미더덕껍질을 이용한 셀룰로오스 필름의 제조 및 특성

정영진 한국수산과학회 2008 한국수산과학회지 Vol.41 No.4

The tunic of Styela clava (SCT) consists of a proteoglycan network. Regenerated cellulose films were prepared by solution casting and coagulation of SCT in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)/H₂O (87/13 wt%). The crystalline structure of powdered SCT was primarily that of cellulose I. The crystalline structure of SCT films exhibited a cellulose II structure, similar to that of viscose rayon. Physical characterization of SCT films and fibers revealed an intrinsic viscosity (η) of 6.35dL/g, average molecular weight (Mw) of 423,000g/M, and fiber density of 1.50g/cm3 with a moisture regain and water absorption of 10.20% and 365%, respectively. The results were similar to those of cellulose films regenerated from wood pulp. Films prepared with 6 wt% SCT exhibited strong tensile strength, high water absorption, and a greater degree of elongation. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of film cross-sections showed a layered, sponge-like structure.

Toxicity of antioxidative extract collected from Styela clava tunics in ICR mice

고은경,성지은,김지은,고준,송성화,이현아,손홍주,정영진,임용,황대연 한국실험동물학회 2015 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.31 No.3

Some polymers and bioactive compounds derived from Styela clava tunic (SCT) have been reported as traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, oxidative stress and surgical wounds although there is little scientific evidence of their liver and kidney toxicity. To investigate the toxicity of ethanol extracts of SCT (EtSCT) in the liver and kidney of ICR mice, alterations in related markers including body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology were analyzed following oral administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day of EtSCT for 14 days. EtSCT showed a high level of free radical scavenging activity for DPPH (93.1%) and NO (16.2%) as well as the presence of 14.8 mg/ mL of flavonoids and 36.2 mg/mL of phenolics, while EtSCT treated groups did not show any significant alterations in the body and organ weight, clinical phenotypes, urine parameters or mice mortality when compared with the vehicle treated group. In addition, constant levels of serum biochemical markers including alanine phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (CRE) were maintained. Moreover, no specific histopathological features induced by most toxic compounds were observed in liver and kidney sections stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Therefore, the present results indicate that EtSCT with strong antioxidant activity cannot induce any specific toxicity in liver and kidney organs of ICR at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight/day.

Antibacterial Sulfated Alkene from a Tunicate, Styela clava

So-Mi Yun,Jun-Ho Jang,Ji-Eun Ryu,최병대,이종수 한국생약학회 2007 Natural Product Sciences Vol.13 No.2

analog of antibacterial sulfated alkene against Bacillus subtilis was isolated from a species oftunicate (Mideoduck), Styela clava, cultured at Jindong Bay, Korea. The structure was determined as 4,8-dimethyl-3-nonenyl sulfate by MS and spectral analysis such as UV, IR and NMR. KeywordsStyela clava, tunicate, 4,8-dimethyl-3-nonenyl sulfate, antibacterial activity

미더덕 껍질로부터 제조한 재생 셀룰로오스성 생체재료의 제법과 성질

정영진,황대연,박수민,김홍성,조현,안병재,김한도 한국생체재료학회 2008 생체재료학회지 Vol.12 No.2

New chemical cellulose powder (94% α-cellulose content) was made from Styela Clava Tunics (SCT, Midduck) which were purified in the following order: hydrochloride, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide treatment and mechanical grinding. SCT cellulose films were prepared from the SCT solution in which N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(NMMO)/ water (87/13 wt%) was used as a solvent by casting it on a glass plate. The structure and properties of new chemical cellulose films were compared with those of Wood Pulp Cellulose(WPC) films in terms of IR-spetra, X-ray, and tensile strength. The 6 wt% cellulose contents were adequate for strong and thin films because NMMO/H₂O completely dissolved SCT at 110-120℃. SCT film exhibited 3.6 times higher water adsorption capacity than WPC film. To examine the applicability of SCT film as a wound healing product, a histological study was carried out, in which we observed changes in the tissues of rats for two weeks after implantation. As a result, no signs of flare, dropsy and inflammation were detected.

미더덕껍질 혼합 하이드로콜로이드막의 물성분석 및 랫드의 피부창상 치료효능에 관한 연구

곽문화,고준,김지은,이영주,이승현,손홍주,이희섭,정영진,황대연 한국생체재료학회 2013 생체재료학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydrocolloid membrane containing Styela clava tunic (HCM-SCT) on acute wound of skin. To achieve this, HCM-SCT was developed using the mixture dispersed SCT powder in hydrocolloid (HC), and an alteration on the histology and physiology of wound skin were observed in SD rats after the treatment of HCM-SCT for 11 days. Absorptiveness of HCM-SCT was rapidly increased by 430% at day 1 and then their level was maintained for a period of 4 days, while the surface roughness was higher in HCM-SCT than that of HCM.In animals study, SD rats treated with HCM-SCT did not induce any specific toxicity on the body weight, and the physical function of liver and kidney. The diameter of wound area was shorter in HCM-SCT treated group than these in Gauze (GZ) or HCM treated group. Especially, the group treated with HCM-SCT showed a significantly faster re-epithelization and decrease of epidermis thickness than those treated with HCM alone although a large amount of HC was remained in dermis region of both rats. Furthermore, the level of collagen and tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were greatly increased in HCM-SCT treated group, while the level of angiogenesis-related proteins were significantly recovered to normal level in the same group. Therefore, these results indicate that HCM-SCT having high absorptiveness and tensile strength could accelerate the repair process of acute wound in SD rats through the stimulation of re-epithelization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis.

Novel wound dressing based on cellulose membranes originated from Styela clava tunics accelerated the healing process of surgical wound in the skin of SD rats

Sung Hwa Song,Ji Eun Kim,Moon Hwa Kwak,Jun Go,Eun Kyoung Ko,Ji Eun Seong,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2014 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8