Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Lumbar Lordotic Angle and Low Back Pain in University Students

Heayoung Ga,Mina Gim 국제물리치료연구학회 2019 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.10 No.3

Background: Lumbar lordosis is a result of muscle shortening and may cause low back pain. Objective: To examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching on lumbar lordosis and low back pain in university students. Stretching is an intervention that can be applied to shortened muscles; however, very few studies have compared the effects of static and dynamic stretching on lumbar lordosis and low back pain. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single-blind) Methods: The 12 selected subjects were randomly assigned static stretching and dynamic stretching groups each containing six students. The subjects in each group performed their respective stretching programs for 17 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Lumbar lordotic angle, low back pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Intragroup comparisons showed significant reductions in lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain in the static stretching group while the dynamic stretching group showed significant decreases in lumbar lordotic angle, low back pain, and ODI. The intergroup comparisons showed significantly greater differences between pre- and post-intervention in lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain in the dynamic stretching group compared to those in the static stretching group while ODI did not show any intergroup difference. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that, while both static and dynamic stretching helped to reduce the lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain, dynamic stretching was more effective in alleviating lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain compared to static stretching.

Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Lumbar Lordotic Angle and Low Back Pain in University Students

Ga, Heayoung,Gim, Mina International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2019 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.10 No.3

Background: Lumbar lordosis is a result of muscle shortening and may cause low back pain. Objective: To examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching on lumbar lordosis and low back pain in university students. Stretching is an intervention that can be applied to shortened muscles; however, very few studies have compared the effects of static and dynamic stretching on lumbar lordosis and low back pain. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single-blind) Methods: The 12 selected subjects were randomly assigned static stretching and dynamic stretching groups each containing six students. The subjects in each group performed their respective stretching programs for 17 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Lumbar lordotic angle, low back pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Intragroup comparisons showed significant reductions in lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain in the static stretching group while the dynamic stretching group showed significant decreases in lumbar lordotic angle, low back pain, and ODI. The intergroup comparisons showed significantly greater differences between pre- and post-intervention in lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain in the dynamic stretching group compared to those in the static stretching group while ODI did not show any intergroup difference. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that, while both static and dynamic stretching helped to reduce the lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain, dynamic stretching was more effective in alleviating lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain compared to static stretching.

Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Lumbar Lordotic Angle and Low Back Pain in University Students

가혜영,김민아 국제물리치료연구학회 2019 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.10 No.3

Background: Lumbar lordosis is a result of muscle shortening and may cause low back pain. Objective: To examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching on lumbar lordosis and low back pain in university students. Stretching is an intervention that can be applied to shortened muscles; however, very few studies have compared the effects of static and dynamic stretching on lumbar lordosis and low back pain. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single-blind) Methods: The 12 selected subjects were randomly assigned static stretching and dynamic stretching groups each containing six students. The subjects in each group performed their respective stretching programs for 17 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Lumbar lordotic angle, low back pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Intragroup comparisons showed significant reductions in lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain in the static stretching group while the dynamic stretching group showed significant decreases in lumbar lordotic angle, low back pain, and ODI. The intergroup comparisons showed significantly greater differences between pre- and post-intervention in lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain in the dynamic stretching group compared to those in the static stretching group while ODI did not show any intergroup difference. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that, while both static and dynamic stretching helped to reduce the lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain, dynamic stretching was more effective in alleviating lumbar lordotic angle and low back pain compared to static stretching.

다양한 강도에서 수행된 고유감각신경근육촉진 스트레칭과 정적 스트레칭이 뒤넙다리근의 유연성에 미치는 효과

임우택(Woo-taek Lim) 한국전문물리치료학회 2020 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Background: To prevent or reduce the risk of strain injury, various approaches, including stretching techniques are currently being used. The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and static stretching on flexibility has been demonstrated; however, it is not clear which one is superior. Objects: This study aimed to evaluate the differences between the effects of PNF and static stretching performed at various intensities on muscle flexibility. Methods: The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the hamstrings using the PNF stretching technique was performed in the P100 group, while 70% of the MVIC was performed in the P70 group. The MVIC value obtained during the PNF stretching in both groups was used as a reference for setting the intensity of static stretching. Static stretching was performed at 130% (S130), 100% (S100), and 70% of the MVIC (S70). The active knee extension (AKE) values, defined as the knee flexion angle were measured before stretching (baseline), immediately after stretching (post), and at 3 minutes, 6 minutes, and 15 minutes. Results: PNF stretching produce a greater improvement in flexibility compared with static stretching. Specifically, the ΔAKE was significantly higher in the S100 and S70 groups than in the P100 group at Post. In the comparison of ΔAKE over time in each group, the ΔAKE at Post showed a significant decrease compared to the value at Baseline in the S130 group; however, no significant difference was observed at 6 minutes while a significant increase was noted at 15 minutes. Conclusion: This study found that PNF stretching is more effective than static stretching with respect to increasing and maintaining the flexibility of muscles. In addition, the increase in flexibility at maximal intensity was similar to that observed at submaximal intensity during both PNF and static stretching.

탄성 스트레칭이 유연성과 등속성 근기능에 미치는 영향

조중연 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.52

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of tastic, ballistic and no stretching on peak torque(PT), acceleration(AT) and deceleration time(DT), total work(TW), average power(AP) and flexibility of hamstring muscles during isokinetic contractions at three different conditions in one week interval for three weeks. The 16 university students in male( 8) & female( 8)(19.73 ± 0.37 years, 55.75 ± 1.16 kg, 160.37 ±1.54 cm) performed isokinetic leg extension & flexion maximal ovluntary contractions at 60˚/sec & 180˚/sec using biodex system. In the peak torque, ballistic stretching was increased rather than static stretching and non-conducting stretching, but there was no statistically significant difference in static stretching and nonconducting stretching. Acceleration time was not significantly different among the groups. The deceleration time was significantly increased in static stretching. In tota wl ork power, ballistic and non-conducting stretching were significantly higher than static stretching. There wa ssignificantly difference in the order of ballisti c stretching, non-conducting stretching and static stretching in average power. These results suggested that the ballistic stretching exercise would be beneficial rather than static stretching in the warming up step if safely applied for the enhancement of athletic performance.

탄성 스트레칭이 유연성과 등속성 근기능에 미치는 영향

조준명(Jun Myeong Cho) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.52

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of static, ballistic and no stretching on peak torque(PT), acceleration(AT) and deceleration time(DT), total work(TW), average power(AP) and flexibility of hamstring muscles during isokinetic contractions at three different conditions in one week interval for three weeks. The 16 university students in male( 8) & female( 8)(19.37 ± 0.37 years, 55.75 ± 1.16 kg, 160.37 ± 1.54 cm) performed isokinetic leg extension & flexion maximal voluntary contractions at 60˚/sec & 180˚/sec using biodex system. In the peak torque, ballistic stretching was increased rather than static stretching and non-conducting stretching, but there was no statistically significant difference in static stretching and non-conducting stretching. Acceleration time was not significantly different among the groups. The deceleration time was significantly increased in static stretching. In total work power, ballistic and non-conducting stretch-ing were significantly higher than static stretching. There was significantly difference in the order of ballistic stretching, non-conducting stretching and static stretching in average power. These results suggested that the ballistic stretching exercise would be beneficial rather than static stretching in the warming up step if safely ap-plied for the enhancement of athletic performance.

The Acute Effects of Short Static-Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance

Eonho Kim,Chang Young Kim,Yong Dae Choi,Poram Choi,Yongin Cho 한국코칭능력개발원 2017 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study was to clarify the acute effects of short static-stretching (10 seconds and 30 seconds) on vertical jump performance. Twenty-six healthy college students (10 males and 16 females) participated in this study. Each subject measured his/her pre-stretching vertical jump height using Vertec and performed 10- or 30-second staticstretching on the four lower-body muscle groups (hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, quadriceps), which are involved in executing a vertical jump. Post-stretching vertical jump height was measured after the static-stretching. No significant differences between the two groups were found in the three variables (pre-stretching jump height, post-stretching jump height, difference in jump height) (p = .478). The mean pre-stretching jump height and the mean post-stretching jump height for both groups were 258.98 ± 26.59 and 258.59 ± 26.59. There was no significant difference in jump height between the pre- and post-stretching (p = .387). These results suggest that static-stretching for 30 seconds or less does not negatively affect vertical jump performance and static-stretching can be used prior to athletic competition as long as the duration of static-stretching is kept under 30 seconds per each muscle group.

Effect of Static Stretching and Myofascial Release Techniques on Kinematic Factors of Lower Extremity Joints during Squat

( Seung-ki An ),( Moon-seok Kwon ),( Jae-woo Lee ),( Young-tae Lim ) 한국운동역학회 2024 한국운동역학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in kinematic factors according to stretching treatment, myofascial release treatment, and static stretching treatment conditions during squat. Method: Twelve males with resistance training experience participated in this study. Participants performed squats without treatment (Pre-Test), and performed squats after treatment with the myofascial release technique (MRT) and static stretching (SS) on different days (post-test). Squat movements were captured using eight motion capture cameras (sampling rate: 250 Hz), and the peak joint angles of the ankle, knee, hip, and pelvis were calculated for each direction. One-way repeated ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analyses using SPSS 27 (IBM Corp. Armonk NY, USA) were used to compare the peak joint angle of the lower extremity joints and pelvis among the normal condition (squat without treatment), MRT condition (squat after MRT treatment) and SS condition (squat after static stretching). The statistical significance level was set at .05. Results: It was observed that the maximum ankle joint flexion angle during squats was statistically reduced under conditions of myofascial release and static stretching (p<.05), in comparison to the scenario where no stretching was performed. Furthermore, static stretching was found to enhance the maximum hip flexion angle during squat (p<.05), whereas the myofascial release stretching technique resulted in the minimal posterior pelvic tilt angle (p<.05). Conclusion: Employing myofascial release stretching as a preparatory exercise proved to be more efficacious in maintaining body stability throughout the execution of high-intensity squat movements by effectively managing the posterior tilt of the pelvis, as opposed to foregoing stretching or engaging in static stretching.

발육,발달학 : 노인의 어깨질환 예방을 위한 스트레칭 비교

박혜상(HyeSangPark),박태섭(TaeSeopPark) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.1

This study was performed to figure out the variation of the range of motion on the shoulder joint in elders by stretching techniques. So it is possible to find out the effectiveness of three stretching methods on shoulder joints of elder peoples. The subjects of the study were 36 elders including 9 for static-active group, 7 for light-resistance group, 9 for PNF group, and 11 for control group, respectively.To estimate each joint angle the Dualer Plus Inclinometer was used with the subjects in supine position. This procedure is 4×7 factorial designed with repeated measured on the last factor. For comparison among groups Two-Way ANOVA with repeated measured on the last factor was used and Scheffe’s test was used for the post-hoc test.The result of the test revealed that the effect of the stretching, which includes ROM(range of motion) for flexion and extension, were statistically significant(p<.05) on shoulder. In flexion on shoulder joint there was significant difference(p<.05) between control group and PNF group. In extension on shoulder joint all of the each pair of groups showed significant difference(p<.05).As a conclusion, the PNF stretching has the biggest effect of the stretching on the each joint, The Static-Active stretching has the next, and Light-Resistance stretching has the least effect among the three stretching methods.Especially, the PNF stretching has a great effect on ROM of flexion and extension of shoulder joint and this effectiveness is found out after 3 weeks.

부하를 이용한 정적 스트레칭이 넙다리뒤근육의 유연성에 미치는 영향

김아람(Kim, Ah-Ram),권정현(Kwon, Jung-Hyun),이호성(Lee, Ho-Seong) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

The purpose of this study were to investigate the effect of static stretching loading on hamstring flexibility in healthy individuals. Twelve healthy individuals were randomly assigned to static stretching loading group (SLG, n=6) and static stretching group (SSG, n=6). Static stretching was performed dead lift with (1RM 10%; SLG) and without (SSG) load intensity (30 seconds x 4 sets, rest for 15 seconds between each set) for 10 days. Passive knee extension test (PKE), straight leg raising test (SLR) and toe touching test (TTT) were measured before, and every day (post 1 d ~ 10 d) for ten days. PKE was significantly increased from post 4 d to 10 d (p〈.05) in SLG and post 8 d to 10 d (p〈.05) in SSG compared with before stretching. SLR was significantly increased from post 1 d to 10 d (p〈.05) in SLG and post 6 d to 10 d (p〈.05) in SSG compared with before stretching. TTT was significantly increased from post 1 d to 10 d (p〈.05) in SLG and post 6 d to 10 d (p〈.05) in SSG compared with before stretching. These results confirmed that static stretching using loading improves hamstring flexibility.