Social Quality and the Social Harmony Campaign in Hong Kong

CHUI-MAN RUBY CHAU,WAI-KAM SAM YU 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2009 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.38 No.2

This paper is a response to the increasing internationalization of the concept of social quality. It is intended to examine whether research projects on social quality reduce or increase the ethnocentric bias in the study of social welfare. To fulfill this objective, it carries out two analytical tasks. The first is to discuss the views of Walker and Wong (2004) on the ethnocentric bias in the study of social welfare. Walker and Wong (2004) argue that overemphasizing the differences between how social welfare is organized and assessed in Western countries and that in non-Western countries causes the bias of excluding the latter in comparative analyses. Hence to deal with this bias, it is necessary to pay attention to the similarities between the social welfare development in western countries and that in nonwestern countries. Secondly, to provide evidence to Walker and Wong’s argument, this paper discusses the relevancy of the social harmony campaign in Hong Kong to research projects on social quality.

텍스트 네트워크 분석을 활용한 학교사회복지와 교육복지 연구동향 비교 분석

홍기혜,최민지 한국학교사회복지학회 2019 학교사회복지 Vol.0 No.46

This study set out to compare the trends of research papers on school social welfare and educational welfare, which had been recognized in the same vein in Korea, and to analyze the recent trends in these areas. Korean academic papers published from 1993 to 2018 were collected by using databases. A total of 562 academic papers were selected in the end, excluding papers that were not suitable for the research purpose or overlapped. The followings were the main findings applied to the text network analysis. First, there were 206 papers on school social welfare and 356 papers on educational welfare. Second, the most distinct differences in the two areas were ‘social workers’ intervention in families’ and ‘operations to guarantee learning rights for vulnerable groups’. Third, characteristics of school social welfare papers according to the times were ‘development and expansion of school social welfare’, ‘adaptation of students’ school life’, and ‘applying school social welfare to prevent and manage violences or conflicts in schools’, respectively. Also, characteristics of educational welfare papers according to the times were ‘construction of educational welfare programs’, ‘principles of educational welfare operations’, and ‘confirming the effectiveness and change after implementation and practice’, respectively. Lastly, the sub-topics of recent research trends were ‘effects of programs’, ‘educational welfare as a practice’, and ‘educational welfare as a policy’. Based on the above results, the current position of school social welfare research and educational welfare research was identified, and implications for the direction of future research were derived. 본 연구는 동일한 맥락으로 인식되어 오던 학교사회복지와 교육복지에 대해, 관련된 연구주제 논문의 경향을 비교 분석하고 최근의 연구동향을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석을 위해 데이터베이스를 이용하여 우리나라에서 학교사회복지가 처음 시행된 1993년부터 2018년까지 발행된 국내 학술논문을 수집하였다. 수집된 2,423편의 논문 중에서 연구목적에서 벗어나거나 중복된 논문들을 제외하고 최종적으로 총 562편의 학술논문을 선정하였다. 논문의 초록을 대상으로 하여 텍스트 네트워크 분석 방법을 적용한 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분석대상 학술논문에서 학교사회복지 관련 연구주제 논문은 206편이며, 교육복지 관련 연구주제 논문은 356편이었다. 교육복지투자우선지역지원사업(2003년)과 교육복지우선지원사업(2011년)의 실시를 기준으로 세 개의 시기별로 나누어 살펴본 출판 편수는 학교사회복지 관련 논문이 각각 48편, 93편, 65편이었고, 교육복지 관련 논문이 각각 8편, 125편, 223편이었다. 둘째, 학교사회복지 연구주제 논문과 교육복지 연구주제 논문은 중첩되는 영역과 고유한 영역이 나타났다. 가장 뚜렷한 경계가 나타나는 고유한 주제는 학교사회복지 영역의 ‘가족에 대한 사회복지사의 개입’과 교육복지 영역의 ‘취약 계층에 대한 학습권 보장을 위한 운영’이었다. 셋째, 학교사회복지 관련 논문의 시기별 특성은 1기에 ‘학교사회복지의 발전 및 확대’, 2기에 ‘학생의 학교생활에 대한 적응’, 그리고 3기에 ‘폭력과 갈등을 예방하고 관리하기 위한 학교사회복지의 적용’으로 나타났다. 교육복지 관련 논문의 시기별 특성은 각각 ‘교육복지사업의 구축’, ‘교육복지 운영의 원리’, 그리고 ‘수행과 실천에 따른 변화와 효과의 확인’으로 나타났다. 넷째, 최근 연구의 동향 파악을 위해 분석하여 도출된 하위주제 그룹은 ‘프로그램의 효과’, ‘실천으로서의 교육복지’, 그리고 ‘정책으로서의 교육복지’ 클러스터로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 학교사회복지 연구와 교육복지 연구의 현재 위치를 파악하고 미래 연구의 방향에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다.

청년주거 지원 조례 비교 연구

민기채(Kichae Min) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2023 생활과학연구논총 Vol.27 No.3

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to derive revision plans of the housing supporting ordinances for youths through comparison of local government ordinances in order to alleviate the serious housing problems. Methods: By analyzing data from the National Law Information Center's autonomous law system, 11 metropolitan and local governments' ordinances related to housing for youths were compared. As an analytical framework for comparison of ordinances, five factors( the rights(purpose and ideology of the ordinance, the accountability of the local government heads), the universalism of allocation, comprehensiveness of benefits, financial responsibility of local government heads, accountability and integration of the delivery system) in content system of social welfare ordinance were used. Results: Among the 11 local government ordinances, the Seoul ordinance was the most suitable for ideal content system of social welfare ordinance. The Seoul ordinance received high marks in terms of the rights, comprehensiveness of benefits, financial responsibility of local government heads, accountability and integration of the delivery system. But the legal binding force of the housing support ordinances for youths were very low compared to other social welfare ordinances. Conclusion/Implications: Change to a 'basic' ordinance focusing on 'youth', new regulations on civil rights, new establishment of accountability for heads of local governments as an independent clause, change of meeting minimum housing standards to mandatory regulations, expansion of benefit comprehensiveness, introduction of the excavation subject and network for youths living less than minimum housing standards, were proposed.

남북한 사회복지 체제 비교 연구: 거시-구조적 수준을 중심으로

이철수 ( Chul Soo Lee ) 북한연구학회 2009 북한연구학회보 Vol.13 No.1

This study aims at comparing social welfare systems(X) between South Korea and North Korea, an exploratory object, at macro-structural level and at finding the difference in social system traits. Especially, it is because an existing comparative study on social welfare between South Korea and North Korea is mainly `a comparative study centered on institutions` that this study attempts comparison between social welfare systems of North Korea and South Korea. The statement order for the discussion on social welfare systems between North Korea(A) and South Korea(B) is centered on four spectrums such as ① social welfare system(Y1), ② social welfare institutional(welfare) level(Y2), ③ social welfare development progress(Y3), and ④ social welfare institution and system development progress. The results are first as for social welfare systems, North Korea, typical socialist nation, has two-layer systems with strong national responsibility, but South Korea, capitalist country, has three-layer systems with moderate national responsibility where responsibilities of root, individual and family are emphasized. Second, as for (welfare) levels classified with social welfare institutions, North Korea `manages in consolidation` ① social patriots & veterans affairs, ② social insurance, ③ social welfare services, and ④ social assistance in order and South Korea manages separately ① social insurance, ② social patriots & veterans ③ social welfare services, and ④ social assistance in order. Third, as for social welfare development progress, North Korea showed somewhat universal tendency in ① social patriots & veterans affairs, ② social welfare services, and ③ social assistance, but showed ④ socialistic separatism, laying an emphasis on public officers and laborers, in only social insurance. South Korea has a tendency of evolution from selective type into universal type. Fourth, as for social welfare institution and system development progress, the inclusiveness of North Korean welfare beneficiary has a discriminative progress in social insurance. North Korea didn`t leave a trace of qualitative development in the level and kind of welfare beneficiary. In addition, as for redistribution and suitability, at glance, North Korea has an effectiveness in some areas due to distribution of national responsibility, but has the contrary results, too. That is, `formal equality and real equality are in existence together`. On the contrary, as for inclusiveness of social beneficiary, South Korea expands social insurance and social assistance from separatism to universalism. As for the level and kind of welfare beneficiary, South Korea attempts qualitative development on the basis of various allowance as well as expansion of social safety networks, As for redistribution, North Korea has an ineffectiveness in some areas due to moderate intervention of the nation and inequality of incomes, but accomplishes various types of redistribution for social assistance and social insurance.

한·중·일 장애인복지정책 비교연구

김정희 ( Kim Jung-hee ),김경란 ( Kim Kyoung-ran ),이율희 ( Lee Yull-hee ) 한국장애인개발원 2015 장애인복지연구 Vol.6 No.1

This primary purpose of this study is to analyse present conditions of each area of social welfare policies for persons with disabilities in three countries, Korea, China and Japan. Those countries are geographically adjacent to each other and both socially and culturally, they are considered to be very much alike. How this study looks into social welfare policies for persons with disabilities and recent changes in social welfares in East Asia could be a chance for the countries in East Asia to open a discussion over social welfare policies for persons with disabilities. In the light of that, the study has proceeded with its investigation and came up with implications related to the social welfare policies for persons with disabilities in Korea, China and Japan. The methodological strategy utilized in this study, called 'most similar systems' comparison design is fairly clear. In exercising these comparative logics, we have selected four comparative variables as income security, job security, medical rehabilitation security. In the light of income security, we have much in different of payment object qualification and finance, in terms of job security, there are some in common aspect of continuous development. In addition, in terms of medical rehabilitation security, three nations have steady policy of health for people with disabilities reflected their desire. The implications are provided as follows. First, the three countries need to secure and expand various acts to cope with all those different types of disability. Second, in 1981, UN declared the ‘Rights of Persons with Disabilities, International Year of Persons with Disabilities.’ Since then, the countries made a progress with their systems in relation to the rights of persons with disabilities. Third, it is the social integration and spread of co-existence philosophy. When the ultimate goal of a welfare state is believed to be going for goals of individuals in a stabilized society, improving quality of individual life, quality of the disabled’s life will be in a great correlation with quality of a society. Fourth, the three countries need to take demographic factors into consideration when they try to establish any new relevant policies. Korea, China and Japan are rapidly changing into an ageing society and because of that, they should pay attention more to changes in the population of persons with disabilities including a life cycle of those people when they design a relevant policy.

복지국가 발전 동인과 전망에 대한 비교사회정책적 재발견

강병로 ( Byeongro Kang ),권행운 ( Hang-woon Kwan ) 국제지역학회 2017 국제지역연구 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 복지국가의 발전 동인을 비교사회정책적 관점에서 재발견하여 한국에의 함의를 모색하기 위한 목적을 가지고 있다. 복지국가 발전은 여전히 진행 중이지만 신자유주의적 지구화에 의한 자본축적으로 인해 그 경로와 전망은 불안정하며 복지국가적 발전의 방식에 대한 비판적 검토가 필요하다. 구체적인 국가별 비교를 위해서 영국, 미국, 스칸디나비아(스웨덴, 노르웨이, 핀란드, 덴마크), 남아메리카(칠레, 브라질, 아르헨티나)를 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, 영국은 사회적 보호의 전통에 의한 늙고 전통적인 복지국가, 미국은 자유주의와 개인주의를 바탕으로 불안전한 잔여적 복지국가, 스칸디나비아는 사회적으로 합의된 복지국가, 남아메리카는 불안정한 체제와 취약한 복지국가의 특성을 보여주고 있다. 국가별 비교 분석 결과를 토대로, 한국에 함의로써 기본자산 보장, 공정한 사회에서의 정의와 자유, 국가의 역할 재정립, 자본축적의 통제와 관리, 사회적 권리향상을 위한 사회개혁 등 포괄적인 신복지기획을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to rediscover the development motives of welfare states from the viewpoint of comparative social policy and seek implications for Korea. The development of welfare states is still in progress, but the path and prospects are unstable due to capital accumulation by neoliberal globalization, and a critical review of the welfare state development approach is needed. For the comparison between specific countries, the U.K, the U.S, Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark), and South America (Chile, Brazil, and Argentina) were compared and analyzed. The analysis results showed that the U.K. is an old and traditional welfare state by the tradition of social protection, the U.S. is an insecure and residual welfare state based on liberalism and individualism, Scandinavia is a welfare state by societal corporatism and South America is characterized by an unstable regime and a vulnerable welfare state. Based on country-specific comparative analysis results, this study proposed a comprehensive new welfare plan such as guarantee of basic assets, justice and freedom in a fair society, reestablishment of the role of the state, control and management of capital accumulation, social reform to improve social rights as implications for Korea.

커뮤니티케어 추진기관으로서의 사회복지관 발전방향 모색 -일본 지역포괄지원센터와의 비교를 중심으로-

김희수 한국지역사회복지학회 2019 한국지역사회복지학 Vol.0 No.68

The purpose of this study is to find out the changes of the Social Welfare Center in response to community care through comparative analysis with the Social Welfare Center in Korea and the Community-Based Integrated Care Center in Japan. For this purpose, the analytical framework which Bartlett (1961) developed and used to analyze social welfare practices in various fields was used. The analysis shows that both facilities have a common ground in that they have a legal basis, are established by the public, receive financial support from the public, and are community-based. The most important differences between the two facilities are as follows. the Social Welfare Center is centered on social workers, and comprehensive services are provided from individual support to community support. But in the Community-Based Integrated Care Center, experts in three areas - care, health, and welfare - takes team approach. The development direction of Social Welfare Centers was discussed base on the results of this analysis. 본 연구는 우리나라 사회복지관과 일본 지역포괄지원센터와의 비교 분석을 통하여, 최근 급격한 복지환경의 변화, 특히 커뮤니티케어에 대응한 사회복지관의 발전 방향을 모색하고자 하는 목적으로 이루어졌다. 이를 위하여 Bartlett(1961)이 다양한 분야에서의 사회복지실천을 분석하기 위해 개발하여 사용한 분석틀을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 두 시설은 법적 근거를 가지고 있으며, 공공이 설립하고, 공공으로부터 재정지원을 받고 있고, 지역사회를 기반으로 한다는 점에서 공통점을 가진다. 두 시설의 가장 큰 차이점은 사회복지관의 경우 사회복지사를 중심으로, 개별지원에서부터 지역지원까지 종합적으로 서비스를 운영하고 있다면, 지역포괄지원센터는 개호지원전문원, 보건사, 사회복지사의 세 분야 전문가가 팀 접근을 하고 있다는 점이다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 사회복지관의 발전적 방향 모색에 대해 논의하였다.

시장개방에 따른 사회적 위험을 해결하기 위한 국가의 복지지출 구성과 경제적 성과

양종민(Jongmin Yang) 한국사회학회 2013 韓國社會學 Vol.47 No.1

2008년에 발생한 전 세계적인 금융위기 이후 소득 양극화, 고령화, 저출산과 같은 사회문제에 대응하는 정부의 역할에 대한 중요성이 커지고 있다. 신자유주의가 팽배했던 지난 30여년간 최소한의 역할만을 요구받았던 국가는 이제 시장의 불확실성과 새로운 사회적 위험에 대해 적극적인 정책적 대응을 실행할 것을 요청받고 있다. 최근 한국 사회에서 활발하게 진행되고 있는 FTA와 복지국가를 둘러싼 논쟁도 국가의 역할에 대한 재조명에서 비롯되었다. 따라서 이 연구는 시장개방에 따른 사회적 위험에 대응하여 복지국가들이 선택한 사회복지지출의 구성과 그 경제적 성과에 대해서 분석하고자 한다. 특히 사회투자형 복지지출이 경제성장과 소득불평등 완화에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 알아보려고 한다. 시장개방에 대응하여 복지국가가 선택한 복지지출의 구성이 1인당 GDP 성장률과 소득불평등에 미친 영향을 알아보기 위해 회귀분석을 실행한 결과 노령인구 현금지출과 보건서비스지출이 부정적인 영향을 미친 반면 사회서비스지출은 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 한편 모든 변수들이 소득불평등도를 낮추는 것으로 나타났지만 사회투자형 복지지출인 노동인구에 대한 현금지출과 사회서비스지출의 효과가 상대적으로 컸다. 이러한 분석결과는 FTA 확대와 같은 시장개방이 필연적인 한국의 경우 경제활동인구를 대상으로 한 사회복지지출의 집중적인 투자가 효과적일 수 있다는 점을 시사하고 있다. This study examines welfare states’ selection of social welfare expenditures and their economic performance in response to the social risk caused by market openness. Free trade agreement(FTA), one of the most controversial issues in Korea these days, might create new job opportunities and boost economic growth by broadening new markets, but it could also increase unemployment rate in uncompetitive industries and worsen income inequality. Dealing with outside risks, welfare states should spend social welfare expenditures efficiently and effectively. This study examines the economic outcome of welfare expenditure based on social investment state theory by categorizing social welfare expenditure specifically: cash expenditure is divided into old age-related cash and working age-related cash and service expenditure is divided into health and social service. The outcome of regression analysis reveals that whereas old age-related cash expenditure and health service cause a negative effect on GDP per capita growth rate, social service expenditure causes a positive effect. Concerning income inequality, although all variables have a positive effect on alleviating income inequality, the effect of the social investment expenditures ―working age-related cash and social service―is higher than that of old age-related expenditures. Therefore, in response to increasing FTA, Korea should focus on working age-related welfare expenditures to solve the social problems caused by market openness effectively and then make a positive feedback between market openness and welfare policy.

경계선지능 학생 지원 교육청 조례 비교 연구

민기채 한국장애인개발원 2023 장애인복지연구 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to derive a plan to revise the Office of Education’ support ordinances for students with borderline intellectual functioning through a comparative study. The subject of analysis is the Office of Education's support ordinances to students with borderline intellectual functioning, and data was collected from the National Law Information Center's autonomous law system. Using the comparative analysis framework of content system of social welfare ordinance, the ordinances of 10 offices of education of city/do were compared using the content analysis method. As a result of the analysis, based on the content system of the social welfare ordinance, the Busan Office of Education ordinance, which has the strongest legal binding force, has the most ideal contents of the ordinance. In the problems of ordinances, first, the definitions in the ordinance are different for each ordinances. Second although the superintendent of education’s overall accountability is high, financial responsibility, which is the driving force for actual project execution, is very low. Third, there are almost no provisions for administrative and financial support for support centers and partner organizations. Fourth, regulations related to training professional personnel, designating and operating specialized support centers and cooperative organizations, and strengthening teacher expertise are very weak. In the direction of revising the ordinance, strengthening the uniformity and universality of the coverage by revising the definition of terms and preparing separate provisions for the scope of allocation, establishing a new provision for ‘rights of students with borderline intellectual functioning' based on the Student Human Rights Ordinance, and expanding support projects based on the step-by-step process of support, specifying mandatory regulations on the financial responsibility of superintendents based on the 「Elementary and Secondary Education Act」, establishing new committee regulations, enacting establishment/operation/function regulations for support centers for each basic self-governing unit, establishing new regulations on cooperative organizations, etc. Strengthening regulations for training professional manpower were proposed. The 7 10 offices of education of city/do that do not have the ordinances need to quickly enact related ordinances based on stakeholder participation.

Towards a modern social (welfare) formation?

Sven E. O. Hort 한국사회학회 2015 韓國社會學 Vol.49 No.6

It is often argued that European welfare states and Asian developmental states are the most successful state forms in recent history. The first is a late 19th century European invention although it has over the 20th century spread to other parts of the world, not least East Asia and more recently throughout South and Southeast Asia where the heuristic Nordic welfare model has thrived. However, in the last two or three decades the idea of the egalitarian and democratic welfare state has been foreign to the dominant mode of global thinking about the organisation of society and state. The global consensus approach has regarded state intervention in the market economy – growth-supporting measures (even planning), heavy taxes, generous welfare benefits, increased public responsibility including anti-corruptive measures – as fundamentally flawed and against the long-term viability of a free and open society. This is also where the most recent globalisation theories have met the most prevalent theories in comparative welfare state research without taking into account other types of secular and non-secular thoughts. In this article the societal experience of late modernity – or the epoch of the Spectacle – in the Far North of Europe is explored in the context of welfare state building and re-building; at the end the appeal of this model in Korea is briefly examined.