포환던지기 오브라이언식 투법 동작의 운동학적 분석

문송희,김진현 대한운동사협회 2011 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.13 No.1

[INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to determine the effective form of O'Brien style in shot put. [METHOD] The form was analyzed through 3 phases of the O’Brien style: reverse, gliding, and Putting. The subjects consisted of national representive athlete (n=1) and high school athlete(n=3). The experimental method of O'Brien style of Shot-putting Motion was cinematography(3D) and analyzed with Kwon3D motion analysis system. SPSS12.0 Statistics Program was used to carry out the independent t-test, and the significance level was set at p<.05. [RESULT] The duration of each phase was in order of gliding> Putting> reverse. In the gliding phase, the elite shot-putter performed an acting force as long as possible to maximize force and stride length. Analysis of horizontal velocity showed that the elite shot-putter was slower in the gliding phase and faster in the Putting phase than the high school shot-putters. With respect to vertical velocity, the elite shot-putter was slower than the high school shot-putters during the reverse and gliding phases. As a result of both horizontal and vertical kinematics, the elite shot-putter’s COG was lower in the reverse and gliding phase but higher in the Putting phase when compared to the high school shot-putters. Analysis of the angular kinematic variable of the limbs showed statistically significant differences. In the gliding phase, the elite shot-putter maintained a smaller angle in R-hip, R-knee and R-ankle. Analysis throughout all three phases of O’Brien style showed that the elite shot-putter used a great range of motion(ROM) in R-elbow and R-shoulder. Analysis of the angular kinematic variable of the trunk showed statistically significant difference. When measuring the tilted angle of the trunk in the coronal plane, amateur shot-putters used a greater ROM throughout the 3 phases of O’Brien style. [CONCLUSION] The effective form in shot put of O’Brien style will be desirable that stride length must be maintained 1:2 ratio in right and left leg during gliding phase, COG height be maintained lower height, be gradually increase knee angle and be faster extension of upper arm with forwarding the trunk. [서론] 본 연구는 우수선수와 일반선수의 포환던지기 오브라이언식 투법 동작의 운동학적 변인을 분석함으로서 선수들에게 적합한 글라이드 거리를 유도하고 이 최적거리를 사용함으로서 경기력을 향상시키는데 있다. [방법] 국가대표 경력이 있는 우수선수 1명과 고교 재학중인 2년 이상의 포환던지기 경력이 있는 일반선수 3명을 대상자로 선정하여 각 국면별 소요시간, 신체중심위치·속도, 상지분절과 하지분절의 각운동 변인, 동체의 전후경각을 분석하였다. [결과 ] 소요시간은 Gliding〉Putting〉Reverse 순으로 나타났으며, 신체중심위치 수직변화는 우수선수가 일반선수 보다 신체중심을 낮게 유지하다가 Putting 국면에서는 신체중심을 더 높게 하는 것으로 나타났고, 수평속도변화는 Gliding 국면에서 우수선수가 일반선수보다 느리게 나타났지만 이 후 Putting 국면에서는 더 빠르게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 우수선수가 일반선수에 비해 투사 시 더욱 크게 신전시키는 것으로 나타났고 하지관절 각도변화는 우수선수가 일반선수에 비해 작은 각을 유지하는 것으로 나타났으며, 동체의 전후경각은 우수선수에 비해 일반선수가 동체에서의 굴곡이 더 두드러지는 것으로 나타났다. [결론] Gliding 국면에서 보폭의 길이는 1:2 비율인 오른발은 짧게 왼발은 길게 하며, 신체중심위치는 처음에 더 낮게 유지하고 하지관절의 각은 작게 유지하다가 점차 높게 유지하여 Putting국면으로 전환할 때 상지관절을 빠르게 신전시켜 동체를 전방으로 밀어내야 할 것으로 사료된다.

투포환 지도자의 기술지도와 훈련방법 분석

강아름 ( Kang A-reum ) 한국스포츠코칭학회 2017 한국스포츠코칭학회지 Vol.2 No.1

This study aimed at analyzing the shot put technique teaching and training methods of shot put player turned coaches. To this end, a qualitative study was carried out involving three shot put player turned coaches teaching shot put in the field. First, as for shot putters' techniques, glide through quickness and center movement which connects it are most important, and shot putters should basically understand how to push a tool. Shot put coaches who have not majored in shot put should teach movements by stage from the method to catch a shot to the method to push a shot. Second, under the influence of shot put coaches, shot putters acquire one technique, rotation style technique or straight line style technique. Although there are players suitable for rotation style technique, they are practicing straight line style technique because coaches' lack of information.

Influence of Maximal Strength on Bench Press and Trunk Rotation in Adapted Shot-put: A Pilot Investigation

Denise Soares,Joana Lourenço,Ana Filipa Silva,Fábio Flôres 한국운동생리학회 2023 운동과학 Vol.32 No.2

PURPOSE: Shot-put is a complex ballistic movement that involves segments’ translational and rotational motions. Its goal is to release the shot at maximum forward velocity (strength) at an angle of approximately 40º (rotation). Considering the adapted shot-put, those two components could be more limited in action. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the correlations among the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in the bench press (BP1RM) and trunk rotation (TR1RM) and the throwing distance of the adapted shotput and body composition (Fat mass and Fat-free mass [FFM]), and the throwing distance of the adapted shot-put (TD) and 1RM results. METHODS: Eighteen non-professional athletes were evaluated, and their anthropometric data were obtained (bio-impedance measurements). Afterward, the participants performed the BP1RM and TR1RM exercises. Finally, they performed the adapted shot-put in similar conditions as the official competitions, where three trials of ASP were performed, and the best of these trials were assessed. RESULTS: The results showed a significant relationship between the throwing distance and 1RM results for both exercises (BP1RM (p=0.040) and TR1RM (p=0.002)) and with the amount of FFM (p=0.045). Concerning FFM relationships, the results showed a positive relationship with both 1RM exercises (BP1RM (p=0.034) and TR1RM (p=0.003)). The Fat Mass results demonstrated an inverse correlation only with BP1RM (p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that physical preparation, including BP1RM and TR1RM exercises, are fundamental to improving adapted shot-put performance. This showed preliminary indicators of which variables may influence the adapted shot-put that might help coaches and athletes to improve their performance. Nevertheless, those results should be carefully considered since the movement evaluated was very complex, especially when performed by participants unfamiliar with them, and because the same analysis included both sexes.

여자골퍼의 어프로치 거리에 따른 퍼팅자세의 운동학적 비교분석

현승현(Hyun, Seung-Hyun),고명식(Ko, Myungl-Sikg),류재청(Ryew, Che-Cheon) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

This study was to analyse the effective putting skills and get the data about kinematic variables needed for golfers by comparing the putting shots of each 3 meters and 15 meters, which both successful and failed putting shots to the pin in putting green respectively. The results of the above were as follows; he elapsed time of 15 meters putting showed longer than those of 3 meters on average. During golf putting motions, the left fright laterally of trunk position changes of 15 meters putting are larger than those of 3 meters putting on average during both downswing and follow-through phases. Vertical body displacements in 15 meters putting are also larger than those of 3 meters putting. The putter head speeds of 15 meters putting are faster than those of 3 meters during back-swing. And also during downswing and follow through phases, the speeds of 15 meters putting are faster than those of 3 meters. in the case of left elbow did not show significant difference statistically from address to impact phases. But left elbow was more flexed in 15 meters putting in follow through phases. And left shoulder are more extended in 15 meters putting than those of 3 meter putting. The changes of left and right hip joint angles are not different statistically between two putting motions. But in impact motions of 15 meters putting downswing phases, right joint was more spreaded. And left hip joint was more bended in 15 meters putting.

한국 남자 포환던지기선수에 대한 운동학적 분석

오정환(Cheong Hwan Oh),신의수(Eui Su Shin),정익수(Ik Su Jeong),이진(Jin Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2012 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.49

This research aims to kinematically analyze the movements of Korean male shot-putters who participated in IAAF World Championships Daegu 2011. To accomplish this purpose, this research analyzed seven factors executive time of delivery phase, center of mass (COM) displacement, center of mass (COM) velocity, release angle, release height, release velocity and shot trajectories of ball. This research drew the following conclusions. First, for executive time of delivery phase, P2 (Phase 2) was long. So, horizontal rapid acceleration should be obtained by shortening the executive time of glide phase. This will exercise a positive influence on a throwing distance. Second, vertical displacement of center of mass is the process of momentum transfer from proximal muscle to distal muscle in shot-putting. During the process, in E3 (Event 3) energetic knee extension is done to transfer effective and explosive powers. A shot-putter should do the following sequential movements by using elasticity of waist twisting: moving the upper body forward and stretching one arm. Third, COM velocity according to executive time of delivery phase falls in the landing moment of back feet (i.e. E3 (Event 3)) and the release moment (i.e. E5 (Event 5)). A shot-putter needs an active play in that the passive play of the shot-putter who considers the foul of release moment acts as a factor of reducing COM velocity and that the reduction of speed interrupts momentum transfer. Fourth, contrary to world-class/international shot-putters, Korean players showed greater differences of release velocity compared to release angle and release height. To overcome this, they should increase COM velocity in E3 and E5 more. Active and dynamic movements are prerequisite for an increase in the speed. Finally, shot trajectories of ball showing its movements and re lease direction tend to fly to the right when a shot-putter releases the ball. The tendency is caused by the wrong rotation of the body, that is, the improper momentum transfer in the skill types for glide of release methods of straight line. This results in a loss of throwing distance. To make up for the weak point, a shot-putter should correct his body rotation. This can be expected to contribute to a rise in release velocity acting as an important factor of throwing distance.

여자 포환던지기 선수의 연령 그룹에 따른 투사기록과 운동학적 변인과의 관계

김호묵(Ho Mook Kim),우상연(Sang Yeon Woo) 한국여성체육학회 2013 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study was to present guidelines that will help to develop putting skill by analyzing shot put technique in elementary, middle, and high school female shot-putting players. To accomplish this study, we filmed shot-putting motion by using four cameras in the 41st National Junior Sports Festival and the 93rd National Sports Festival. The results were as follows: 1) the records of the elementary school group were not significantly correlated with any kinematic variables, 2) the records of the middle school group were significantly correlated with the length of glide and the angular velocity of trunk, and 3) the records of the high school group were correlated significantly with the horizontal velocity of put.

엘리트 고교 남녀 투포환/투창 선수들의 기초 및 전문체력 비교 분석

여효성,손희정 한국스포츠학회 2021 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.19 No.2

이 연구는 성장기에 있는 엘리트 고등부 남녀 투척 선수들의 운동수행력에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 체격 및 체력 요인 들을 성별에 따라 종목별(투포환/투창)로 비교 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구의 목적을 위해 엘리트 고등부 남녀 투포 환 선수(n=12)와 투창 선수(n=12)를 대상으로 선수들의 신체조성, 기초체력 요인(근력, 근파워, 근지구력, 유연성, 순발력), 등속성 하지 근력 및 근파워, 무산소성 파워 그리고 협응성을 평가하였다. 연구결과, 남자 투포환 선수는 신장, 체중, 체질량지수가 투창 선수에 비해 높았으며, 여자 투포환 선수는 체중, 체질량지수 및 체지방률이 투창 선수에 비해 높았다. 기초체력의 경우, 남자 선수는 윗몸일으키기, 서전트점프, 체후굴에서 두 종목간 차이를 보였으며, 여자 선수는 제자리멀리뛰기, 서전트점프 및 동적협응성에서 종목 간 차이를 보였다. 그 외 악력, 배근력, 체전굴에서는 남녀 모두 두 종목 간 차이가 없었다. 등속성 검사에서 체중에 표준화된 등속성 근력은 남녀 투척 선수의 좌·우측 하지 신전근과 굴곡근 에서 전반적으로 투창 종목이 높은 기록을 보이며 차이를 나타냈다. 남녀 투척 선수 모두에서 무산소성 파워 능력과 협응성 에서는 종목 간 유의미한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 고등부 엘리트 투척 종목에서 투포환과 투창 종목 간에는 신체조 성, 일부 기초체력 요인, 등속성 근력 및 근파워와 같은 요인들이 서로 차이를 보일 뿐만 아니라 남녀 간의 차이도 일부 존재하는 것으로 보여진다. 이 연구의 결과는 육상 투척 종목 분야 선수들과 관련 지도자들에게 경기력 향상을 도모하기 위한 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study was conducted to compare and analyze physique and physical fitness factors that can affect athletic performance of elite high school male and female throwing (shot put/javelin) athletes in the growing season by gender. For the purpose of this study, elite high school male and female shot put athletes (n=12) and javelin athletes (n=12) were participated. We evaluated athletes' body composition, basic physical fitness factors (muscle strength, muscle power, muscular endurance, flexibility, agility), isometric strength and power of lower extremities, anaerobic power and coordination. Male shot put athletes had higher height, weight, and BMI than javelin athletes, and female shot put athletes had higher body weight, BMI and body fat percentage than javelin athletes. In basic physical fitness, there were differences in sit up, vertical jump, and back stretch of male athletes and differences in sit up, horizontal jump, vertical jump and dynamic coordination of female athletes between shot put and javelin. Isokinetic muscle strength standardized to body weight showed a difference with the overall record high in javelin events in left and right leg extensors and flexors of male and female throwing athletes. In both male and female throwing athletes, there was no significant difference between the events in anaerobic power ability and coordination. Therefore, in elite throwing event of high school, factors such as body composition, some basic physical fitness factors, isokinetic muscle strength and muscle power show differences between shot put and javelin sports, as well as some differences between male and female. The results of this study can be used as basic data for improving athletic performance for athletes and coaches in throwing sport field.

고등부 남자 포환던지기 선수의 시기 별 글라이드 유형과 딜리버리 국면의 운동학적 분석 -고등부 이형근 선수를 중심으로-

김태삼 ( Tae Sam Kim ),류지선 ( Ji Seon Ryu ) 한국운동역학회 2012 한국운동역학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide information about kinematic variables of the gliding and delivery motion of Hyung-Keun Lee, a high school shot putter who was ranked 1st at the 2011 National Sports Festivals. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 4 video cameras at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz was conducted during shot-putting events at the 2011 National Sports Festivals. During the gliding and delivery phase of the player the results showed following characteristics; 1) The gliding technique types of the player appeared to be the short-long technique as the gliding and stance length ratio were 42.3±3.87 % and 57.7±3.87 %, respectively, In addition, the trajectory of shots during the gliding and delivery phase showed different trajectory patterns with "S-shaped" type of elite players due to the deviation from a central axis of the APSS (athletic-plus shot system). 2) The horizontal velocity of COG made from gliding should maintain the velocity during transition and release phase, but the player showed a small momentum for a gradual decrease of velocity, 3) Therefore, the player requires to adjust an appropriate ratio between gliding and stance length with a strong muscle power at the trunk, throwing arm, and the lower extremity during gliding and delivery phase.

2011 대구세계육상선수권대회 남자 포환던지기 결선경기의 운동학적 분석

오정환 ( Cheong Hwan Oh ),신의수 ( Eui Su Shin ),최수남 ( Su Nam Choi ),정익수 ( Ik Su Jeong ),배재희 ( Jae Hee Bae ),이정태 ( Jeong Tea Lee ),박승범 ( Seung Bum Park ) 한국운동역학회 2011 한국운동역학회지 Vol.21 No.5

This study had two purposes. The first was to analyze the period of the final record set by the male shot-putters in the IAAF World Championships, Daegu 2011 from the point of view of kinematics. The other was to identify an efficient movement for shot putting based on the analysis. The research used the eight finalists of in the championship as subjects. We analyzed the seven most important kinematic factors in shot putting based on the type of technique: the execution time of the delivery phase, release velocity, release angle, release, center of mass (COM) velocity, and shot trajectories, The analytical results showed the following average figures for the record 12 meters: execution time of the delivery phase: (0.19 s), release height: (2.06 m), release angle: (34.68°), release velocity: (13.25 m/s), angular velocity of shoulder: (922.38°/s), and angular velocity of pelvis: (479.50°/s). Further, the results showed that the highest COM velocity was 2.25 m/s and the shot trajectories were close to a straight line in the release phase.

남자 포환던지기 시 성공과 실패에 따른 운동학적 차이 -국가대표 황인성 선수를 중심으로-

류지선 ( Ji Seon Ryu ),박재명 ( Jae Myoung Park ),김태삼 ( Tae Sam Kim ) 한국운동역학회 2011 한국운동역학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical characteristics of glide and delivery motion of In-Sung Hwang, player who is a member of the national team among the finalists in the men`s shot put at the 2010 National Sports Festivals. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 3 video cameras at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz was performed for this study. During the glide and delivery phase the results showed following characteristics; 1) The glide type was suitable for the short-long technique, but the trajectory of shot at the glide and delivery phase showed a different trajectory pattern with "S-shaped" type of elite players due to many deviating from central axis of the APSS(athletic-plus shot system). 2) Left knee was more flexed during failed trials compared to successful trials but COG was higher. Therefore, the player showed less stability of COG as he may not get enough breaking force at the left foot. 3) Furthermore, it would be required to have strong muscle power at the trunk, throwing arm, and the lower extremity in order to achieve maintain a low projection angle of the release.