청소년들의 성폭력 개념, 인식 및 대처방법에 대한 지식연구

변미옥 ( Mi-ok Byun ),홍해숙 ( Hae-sook Hong ) 경북대학교 간호과학연구소 2009 경북간호과학지 Vol.13 No.2

To identify the notion, recognition and coping method of sexual assault of adolescents, this study conducted a survey on 1,022 students in 7 districts of T city, from Nov 10 to Dec 12, 2008. For the data analysis, SPSS 14.0 program was used. The study found followings: The notion, recognition and coping method of sexual assault showed a statistically significant difference for grades of respondents. High school students marked the lowest scores in the recognition and coping method of sexual assault. The items that garnered the lowest scores are: in the notion of sexual assault, 'sexual assault occurs by sexual discrimination,' in the recognition of sexual assault, 'Persons who are talking a lot about sex are a person who sexually assaults someone.' and in the coping method of sexual assault, 'after being sexually assaulted, should take a bath and change clothes. The study found that women got higher scores in notion, recognition and coping method than male respondents. Respondents who have both parents and whose parents have higher education showed higher scores in coping method of sexual assault. Also, respondents who contact they mainly saw obscene materials through computer and they were exposed to those materials through computer or TV at home or internet cafe got higher scores in the notion and coping method of sexual assault. There is a static correlation among the notion, recognition and coping method of sexual assault. Those findings suggests that more studies should be ducted on improving knowledge on sexual assault for high school students, propagating the knowledge of obtaining forensic proofs and revealing the relationship between parent factor and knowledge of sexual assault by exposure to obscene materials while students should be provided with sexual assault prevention programs that will be developed based on such more studies. And the study recommends that for making the education for preventing sexual violence effective in reality more follow-up programs are developed and their execution is ensured.

강제추행죄 성립 범위의 적정한 한계

박정난 한국경찰법학회 2023 경찰법연구 Vol.21 No.1

The crime of rape does not require further interpretation on action of rape as sexual intercourse itself is the action of rape. However, indecent assault requires further interpretation on what the ‘indecent assault’ is as types of indecent assault is various. The Supreme Court interprets the crime of indecent assault as ‘an action that objectively causes sexual shame or disgust in the general public and violates victim’s sexual freedom’, which is too comprehensive and polysemantic for normal people who have common sense of law to decide whether the indecent assault is established or not. Moreover, vast discretion of interpretation of the Judge has the problem that inconsistent and unfair judgements can be made toward similar cases. Therefore, in this paper, after critically reviewing the corpus delicti of indecent assault, based on this, the appropriate limitations on the scope of the establishment of indecent assault were examined while considering some types that establishment of indecent assault can be discussed. Since most indecent assault is in the form of so-called indecent assault in blitz, and as physical contact that lacks consent itself is ‘indecent’ assault, current legislations and precedents which require another action to establish indecent assault need to be reconsidered. Anglo-American, and even German provisions do not require further actions to establish the crime as long as nonconsent is proved. Furthermore, what the indecent assault protects is freedom not to engage in unwanted sexual acts, in other words, freedom not to let others use oneself for sexual acts. Others using oneself for sexual acts is available when there is physical contact at least. Thus, it is reasonable to admit the crime of indecent assault only when there is physical contact, and it is stipulated that the crime of indecent assault is established only by physical contact in Anglo-American legislations, and German provisions. In the context following the above paragraph, it is difficult to say that forcing someone to see his genitals and masturbation acts in a closed space without physical contact constitutes the crime of indecent assault. Even if there is no explicit assault or threat, if the victim cannot easily escape as the space is closed, actor can be punished as the crime of compulsion by admitting the broad concept of assault. Furthermore legislation to punish people who harass others by exposing genitals, which is so called the crime of exposure, can be made just as Germany and the U.K. do. Ejaculating or throwing sperm toward other’s body or clothing should be punished as the crime of indecent assault as it is sexual contact. However, urinating or throwing urine toward other’s body or clothing should be punished as a crime of assault or destruction as the victim would feel not sexual humiliation but ‘dirtiness.’ In the case of putting semen on a thing of others, it is hard to be regarded as a crime of indecent assault as there is no ‘physical contact’, but an enactment of legislation to punish the action as a part of sexual offense needs to be considered as the action is a sort of ‘sexual harassment’ toward specific person unlike the normal crime of destruction. On the other hand, if the Defendant forced the Victim to sexually touch his or her body, the Victim’s hand and foot are only tools for contact and can be identified with the Defendant’s own contact, so an indirect principal offender of indecent assault is established. It can be also applied for the case that the Defendant compelled the Victim to harass a third party, thus the Defendant will be punished as an indirect principal offender of indecent assault. In addition, there are various kinds of sexual behaviors which cause victim sexual humiliation or disgust, which are so-called sexual harassment. These behaviors should be punished as the crime of compulsion or obscene performance as long as the actions are not the sort of phys...

스포츠 성폭력의 실태, 규제와 대책

윤상민 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2011 스포츠와 법 Vol.14 No.1

The discussion of the issue of sexual assault in sports actively began since the sexual harassment incident by the Woori Bank professional women's basketball team coach that occurred in 2007. The sexual assault in sports became a social issue through this incident. A research was conducted by the National Human Rights Commission of Korea after the incident on athletes, revealing a shocking result that 63.8% of the research participants experienced sexual assault. In spite of this, the reality is that the present condition of sexual assault in sports cannot be accurately identified due to the closed-off nature in the field of sports. In addition, there have not been any special countermeasures devised against sexual assault in sports. However, there is a limitation in the prevention of sexual assault and any reoccurrences simply through legislative countermeasure due to the special nature of the field of sports. The countermeasure also needs to be devised based on accurate understanding of the special nature of the field of sports. In this regard, the cause and present condition of sexual assault in sports will be examined in this thesis centering on the existing study results as well as the present legal sanctions against sexual assault to present presentive measures against sexual assault considering the special nature of the field of sports. 우리 사회에서 스포츠 성폭력이 본격적으로 논의되기 시작한 것은 2007년 발생한 우리은행 여자프로농구팀 감독의 여성선수 성추행 사건과 2008년 초 KBS 시사기획 <쌈>의 ‘2008 스포츠와 성폭력에 대한 인권보고서’ 보도가 있고 난 후이다. 이후 국가인권위원회가 이화여대 산학협력단에 의뢰하여 운동선수를 대상으로 조사한 결과에 의하면, 전체 조사대상자의 63.8%가 성폭력 피해를 겪은 것으로 나타나 충격을 주었다. 이러한 현실에도 불구하고 스포츠계의 폐쇄성으로 인해 성폭력 실태를 정확하게 파악할 수 없는 게 현실이며, 이렇다 할 대책이 마련되어 있지 못한 것 또한 현실이다. 스포츠 성폭력은 스포츠계의 조직 특성상 매우 은밀하게 발생하는 경우가 많으며, 그 대상도 지도자와 제자(학생)간, 선후배간, 동료간 등 복잡한 구조 속에서 발생한다. 이는 스포츠계의 불평등한 권력구조, 위계적인 폭력문화와 구조적으로 연관이 있다. 이러한 스포츠계의 구조를 이해하는 측면에서 성폭력에 대한 대책도 수립되어야 한다. 먼저 성폭력을 예방하기 위해서는 이에 대한 예방교육이 철저하게 이루어져야 하며, 이 교육은 운동선수, 지도자 모두를 대상으로 이루어져야 한다. 이를 통해 운동선수나 지도자의 성인지 능력을 향상시켜야 한다. 정책당국의 경우에도 현실적이고 효과적인 예방정책을 수립하고 일관되게 이를 집행하는 것이 필요하다. 어떤 사건이 발생할 때만 임시방편으로 대책을 수립하고 시간이 지나면 흐지부지해지는 정책당국의 자세에 변화가 있어야 한다. 또한 성폭력이 발생하였을 경우 법이 허용하는 범위 내에서 가해자에 대한 신속하고 엄격한 처벌이 이루어져야 한다. 이를 통해 일반예방적 효과를 거둘 필요도 있다. 성폭력의 경우 피해자가 겪는 피해를 빨리 회복시키는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 그러기 위해서는 스포츠 성폭력 피해가 발생하였을 경우 이에 대해 신속하고 적절하게 대응할 수 있는 전문적인 상담·치료 시설이 필요하다. 이러한 시설들은 스포츠 성폭력을 이해하고 이 이해의 바탕 속에서 보호와 지원이 이루어 질 수 있는 전문적인 단체이어야 하며, 이 단체의 운영은 피해자의 접근성과 신분보장을 위해 민간전문단체가 운영하여야 한다. 스포츠 성폭력 대책에 있어서 무엇보다도 중요한 것은 스포츠계의 폐쇄성이 타파되어야 한다는 점이다. 이를 통해 사회의 시선이 항상 스포츠 성폭력을 감시하도록 하는 체계가 확립되어야 한다.

학령전기 유아성폭력: 성폭력 전문의료기관에서의 경험

김광준 ( Gwang Jun Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.1

Objective: Life cycles and social environments are different among sexual assault victims according to ages, a study of sexual assault should be individualized by specific age groups. The aim of this study was to make basic data for proper management or prevention of infant sexual assaults by evaluating experiences at sexual assault clinic. Methods: Two hundreds and ten sexual assault victims referred to specialized sexual assault clinic in teaching hospital. There were 25 infant victims aged 2 to 6 years, then retrospective chart reviews were done. Collecting evidences and managements processes were carried out by the female obstetric doctors who were specially trained to manage sexual assault patients. Analysis was done to determine the frequency, location and severity of genital and non genital physical trauma and the site and time of the assault, the nature of the physical contacts, use of weapons were recorded. Results: Infant sexual assaults occupies 11.9% of all sexual assault cases. Those occurred frequently between 14:00 to 18:00 (44%). Play-grounds or rooftop of apartments were the most frequent place (52%) for assault. Genital fondling with finger was the most frequent type of assaults. Vaginal intercourses tried in 6 cases (24%). No severe genital or body wounds observed. Specific psychologic treatments were needed in 6 infants (24%). Conclusion: Infant sexual assaults were different from other age groups of victims in place, type, time, assailant characteristics.

성폭력범죄의 행위유형에 대한 비판적 형법도그마틱

김성돈(Kim, Seong-Don) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2011 성균관법학 Vol.23 No.2

Criminal law regulates sexual assault by two representative type of crime, which are ‘rape’ and ‘sexual abuse’. Excluding violence and threatening, the type of act that is common in both kind of sexual assault, rape is considered as an adultery and the latter goes under abuse. In this case, adultery is understood as sexual intercourse between male and female. Therefore, if there were no genital interaction, then it must be subsumed as an sexual abuse and it is penalized at a substantially lower sentence. However, it is questionable whether such reaction of present criminal law appropriate to recent conditions of sexual assault. When the Phenomenon of today’s sexual assault is looked at, it can be seen that sexual assault is frequently occurred as anal intercourse and oral intercourse etc. especially on vulnerable victims such as Children and adolescents. This is a completely different scenario than past phenomenons of sexual assault. Therefore, this essay has focused anal intercourse or oral intercourse and have examined following points in order to provide assessment of criminal law. First, the problems of attitude of present criminal law has been looked at. Secondly, issues associated with attempts to include anal intercourse or oral intercourse into criminal law has been scrutinized. Lastly, it has been studied whether it is reasonable to constitutionalize anal intercourse or oral intercourse into system of sexual assault while considering how to classify anal intercourse or oral intercourse into criminal law in order to be realistic and to effectively protect the right of sexual self-determination. These following statements are the concluded solutions. It is necessary to assort type of sexual assault into three categories in order to pursue accuracy and legal stability by maintaining traditional definition of adultery as well as to take violent anal intercourse or oral intercourse into greater consideration than sexual abuse. Secondly, rape should be restricted to adultery caused by violence or threat, akin to present rape. Furthermore, psudo sexual intercourse is to be broken down into two categories of anal intercourse or oral intercourse and the others in order to keep Schuldprinzip bzw. Bestimmtheitgrudsatz. Thirdly, sexual abuse should allow all the other type of acts that do not go under rape or any of the two psudo sexual intercourse categories.

범죄의 두려움에 드리워진 성폭력의 그림자

박철현(Park Chul Hyun) 한국피해자학회 2014 被害者學硏究 Vol.22 No.2

This study analyzes the effects of sexual-assaults victimization on the fear of sexual assaults and the effects of the fear of sexual-assaults victimization on the fear of the other crimes. The former is about a controversial issue whether the fear of crime is 'rational fear' that due to a real victimization, or not 'the general feeling of malaise' that is due to a personal vulnerability or helplessness. The latter is about a test on "the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis"(Ferraro, 1996) that the victimization of sexual assaults have the strongest effect on the fear of the other crimes victimizations, because the victimization of sexual assaults has a 'master status' of various personal crime victimizations. Analysis on the data acquired by face-to-face interviews on college students( N=1,004) shows that, first, not only the direct victimization of sexual assault increase the fear of sexual assault, but also some variables like sex or age have a strong effect on the fear of crime. This can be interpreted that the fear of crime is due to a malaise. This results support partially all both perspectives. Second, the fear of sexual assault was the more important factor which has a strong effect on the fear of the other crimes. The shadow of sexual assault made college students feel the more fear about the other crimes. In addition, when the fear of sexual assault was controled, the effects of sex on the fear of crime was statistically not significant or very weak. This result supports Warr(1984; 1985)'s proposition and also very strongly support Ferraro(1996)'s the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis.

가정폭력 경험이 남자 청소년의 성폭력 가해행위에 미치는 영향

김재엽(Jae Yop Kim),이효정(Hyo Jeong Lee),송아영(A Young Song) 연세대학교 사회복지연구소 2007 한국사회복지조사연구 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구에서는 남자 청소년을 대상으로 가정폭력 경험이 성폭력 가해행위에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 폭력허용도의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 서울 및 경기 지역을 4대 권역으로 나누어 모두 24개의 학교를 임의로 선정하여 중학교 3학년과 고등학교 1,2학년 남학생을 상대로 조사한 결과, 조사대상자 581명 중 182명인 31.3%가 지난 1년 동안 성폭력 가해행위의 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 성폭력 가해행위는 크게 언어적 성폭력과 신체적 성폭력으로 나뉘는데, 전자의 경우 30.2%, 후자의 경우 11.3%의 학생들이 경험을 한 것으로 조사되었다. 다음으로 가정폭력 경험의 실태를 조사한 결과 부의 자녀폭력을 경험한 학생들이 48.4%로 가장 많았으며, 본 연구의 분석집단의 부의 모 폭력을 목격한 학생들은 42.3%로 이 역시 높은 수치임을 알 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 가정폭력 경험이 남자 청소년의 성폭력 가해행위에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 가정폭력 경험이 성폭력 가해에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 통제된 변인 중에서는 인터넷 음란물 이용정도가 높을수록 성폭력 가해를 할 가능성이 높다는 것이 통계적으로 검증되었다. 또한 가정폭력 경험이 폭력허용도에, 폭력허용도가 성폭력 가해행위에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 가정폭력 경험이 높을수록 폭력허용도가 높았으며, 폭력허용도가 높을수록 성폭력 가해행위를 할 가능성이 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로 가정폭력 경험이 성폭력 가해행위에 미치는 영향에서 폭력허용도의 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 Aroian 검증을 실시해본 결과, 폭력허용도의 매개효과는 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 남자 청소년들이 성폭력 가해자가 되는 것을 방지하기 위한 가족적ㆍ개인적 차원의 개입의 합의를 논의하였다. This Research examined the influences of the experiences of family violence on the male adolescent’s sexual assault and explored whether the acceptability of violence has mediating effect or not. Out of total 581 boys in the research group, 31.3% done sexual assault in the previous year. In this research, sexual assault divided by two groups, the verbal sexual assault and the physical sexual assault. According to the research, 30.2% of boys done verbal sexual assault and 11.3% of boys done physical sexual assault. And 42.3% of boys have experienced the violence from father to mother. The experience of family violence was proven to be significantly influential to male adolescent’s sexual assault. And the acceptability of violence was proven to be influential the relationship between the influences of the experiences of family violence and the male adolescent’s sexual assault. Thus the acceptability of violence does a role as the part mediating effect between the influences of the experiences of family violence and the male adolescent’s sexual assault. Based on thee findings, the research discussion extended to the implication of an intervention that reduces the experiences of family violence and lowers the acceptability of violence to prevent male adolescent’s sexual assault.

A Comparative Analysis of Four Countries:The Challenges to Effective Prevention and Response to Prison Sexual Assault

박현나,이세례 아시아교정포럼 2022 교정담론 Vol.16 No.3

Rape and other forms of sexual violence against prisoners are recognized as forms of torture that are prohibited by international conventions. Despite this, prisoners are at heightened risk of sexual assault by other inmates or corrections officials across the globe. The current study conducts a comparative analysis on the data collection practices and the relevant laws and policies on prison sexual assault across four countries including South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Results indicate that currently, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia collect data and publish official statistics on the prevalence and occurrences of prison sexual assault. In addition, only the United States has a mandate such as the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 legislation, which requires all confinement facilities to implement specialized laws and legal standards stipulating practical strategies for effective prevention, detection, and response to prison sexual violence. The findings suggest that the Ministry of Justice and the Korea Correctional Service should make efforts to collect, record, and publish more reliable official data on all forms of sexual abuse, sexual harassment, and sexual assault occurred within correctional facilities. Moreover, the governments of South Korea, the United Kingdom, and Australia should consider legislating specialized laws and policies to effectively prevent and respond to sexual violence within correctional facilities. To support rape victims and ensure their recovery, specialized responses such as medical and legal services should be implemented. Furthermore, it is critical to establish legal standards and administrative policies of staff training and education aimed at increasing the accountability of corrections officials.

체육지도자에 의한 학교 내 성폭력에 관한 형사적 책임

강구민 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2018 스포츠와 법 Vol.21 No.2

최근 각계각층에서 성폭력 피해에 대한 폭로가 이어지면서 대한민국 사회의 성폭력 실태가 다시 도마에 올랐다. 국내의 성폭력에 대한 폭로 현상인 미투운동(#Me too)은 미국 영화계에서 시작되어 국내의 한 여성 검사가 검찰 내 상사로부터 성추행을 당했다는 폭로로 이어지면서 사회의 전반적인 문제로 번지게 되었다. 국내의 미투현상은 비단 법조계뿐만 아니라 정치계, 학계, 연예계, 종교계를 가리지 않고 모든 영역에서 발생하고 있다는 점에서 그동안 우리 사회가 여성을 동등한 인격체로 대우하지 않았던 문화로 인하여 이번에 미투운동으로 발전하였다고 본다. 여타 조직보다 남성중심적이고 보수적인 문화가 짙은 스포츠계는 과연 미투현상으로부터 자유로울 수 있을까 하는 의문이 든다. 스포츠계의 특성으로 상명하복의 위계적인 문화, 외부와 단절된 합숙훈련 및 전진훈련, 감독 및 코치의 절대적 권한 등을 거론하곤 한다. 이러한 스포츠계의 특성은 성추행 및 성폭력 범죄가 발생하기에 매우 좋은 여건이며, 범죄가 발생하더라도 처벌하기 매우 어려운 환경을 제공한다. 특히 어린 나이부터 선수를 시작하여 대학 초년생에 이르기까지의 학생선수들은 미성년자로서 스포츠 지도자로부터 보호를 받아야함에도 불구하고 스포츠 성폭력의 피해자가 된다. 스포츠 성폭력에 대한 문제의 심각성은 오늘날의 문제가 아니라는 것은 주지의 사실임에도 불구하고, 이러한 사실이 수면위로 떠오르지 못하는 것은 스포츠계의 특성에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 만 19세 미만인 학생선수에 대한 스포츠 성폭력 현상을 점검하고자 한다. 기존 선행연구들을 통하여 스포츠계에서 발생하는 성폭력 문제의 근본적인 원인으로 스포츠 지도자와 여성 선수 간의 권력관계, 외부와 단절된 폐쇄적인 합숙훈련, 훈련지도에 의한 잦은 신체적 접촉 등을 제시하고, 효과적인 대책 방안으로 스포츠 성폭력에 대한 체계적인 교육, 피해 학생선수의 성폭력 상담을 전문적으로 해줄 수 있는 성폭력 상담소 설치와 스포츠 성폭력에 대한 관리・감독이 가능한 기관의 설치, 여성 지도자에 의한 스포츠 현장 지도, 합숙훈련방식의 개선, 스포츠 법 교육 등을 제시하였다. 또한 성범죄를 범한 지도자에 대한 형사제재로서 지도자의 신상정보를 공개하는 제도, 전자발찌를 이용한 감시 제도, 성범죄의 상습성이 있는 자에 대한 성충동 억제 약물치료 제도, 관련 기관 및 시설의 취업 제한 제도 등을 소개하였다. As Korean society is undergoing extensive disclosure of sexual harassment experience under the influence of the Me Too campaign, this research aims at inspecting sexual violence in Korean sports community. The wide spread of this movement should not be considered as a simple gender conflict. Rather, it should be seen as an action of a female prosecutor triggered the intense movement to overthrow culture where sexual inequality prevails. This view spontaneously leads to a question of whether Korean sports society is free from this social movement. An atmosphere, which puts emphasis on hierarchical relationship and camp training, physical contacts for coaching, and an erroneous gender consciousness have provided a condition in which sexual assault is inevitable. In order to examine the sexual violence within the sports community, this research focused on existing articles and data. Delving into prior studies, this research reviews the causes and countermeasures of sexual violence in sports. Due to distinct features of sports society, special consideration must be taken in order to discover causes of sexual assault and propose effective countermeasures. As a result, systematic education of sexual violence and sports law, a method to improve camp training, and establishing counseling and supervisory office are suggested in order to prevent sexual harassment. The majority of the studies approach prevention and management of sexual violence in sports only through policies. Therefore, the necessity of criminal penalties, which are more effective, has been raised in this study. This research comprehensively inspects the precedent leading studies. Then, it discusses sexual assault education and criminal sanction as central measures to prevent and manage sexual violence in sports community. The importance of sexual violence education has been demonstrated in a number of prior studies. I would like to propose criminal sanctions of sexual assault. Presenting criminal policies for sex offenders such as the Disclosure System, the Electronic Tagging System, and the Chemical Castration System, Restriction on Employment System I reviewed whether these are effective for sexual predators in sports as well.

성폭력 피해자에 대한 분석: 충남 원스톱지원센터 내원자를 중심으로

김수곤 ( Su Kon Kim ),박예규 ( Ye Kyu Park ),강윤단 ( Yun Dan Kang ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.55 No.10

Objective The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of female victims of sexual assault. Methods The subjects were 207 female patients who visited Chungcheongnam-do One-stop Service Center as victims of sexual assault from January 13th, 2010 to January 12th, 2012. The medical records of victims of sexual assault were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of 207 sexual assault victims, 48.3% were under 19 years of age. Summer was relatively vulnerable season for sexual assaults, vulnerable time was between 14 to 18 o`clock for victims younger than 13 years and between 22 to 2 o`clock for victims older than 13 years. Most frequent place was hotel for victims older than 13 years and was victim`s house victims younger than 13 years. 50.7% of assailants were strangers to the victims. The detection rate of sperm was 22.4% and the follow up rate was 30.7%. 27.5% of victims were injured and 2% of victims were pregnant. Conclusion There were several differences between sexual assaults committed by strangers and those committed by acquaintances. Sexual assaults committed by acquaintances lasted for a longer period of time than those committed by strangers. All victims of sexual assault need some sort of urgent intervention. This study provides more accurate information about epidemiology of sexual assaults.