ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FOR A SERIES-PARALLEL PHEV CITY BUS

Yuanchun Cai,Minggao Ouyang,Fuyuan Yang 한국자동차공학회 2017 International journal of automotive technology Vol.18 No.3

Series-parallel PHEV city buses combine the advantages of series and parallel configurations and have been used in China. However, the design and energy management of series-parallel PHEV city buses based on Chinese driving conditions still need to be investigated. In this paper, an equivalent consumption minimization strategy is provided to optimize energy management for series-parallel PHEV city buses, and the process of the equivalent consumption minimization strategy for series-parallel is presented in this paper. Compared with the validated rule-based energy control strategy, ECMS shows a fuel economy improvement of 8.2 % in the CBCD (Chinese Bus Driving Cycle). Based on the optimal energy management, a design for a generator motor in the series-parallel configuration has been processed. The fuel consumption has been shown to decrease, with an increase in generator power, because the system with the higher generator power can work at a higher efficiency in the series mode and operate the engine in the high efficiency area in the parallel mode. Besides, in terms of costof- ownership for a PHEV bus for lifetime of 8 years, although the high generator power will lead to high purchase cost for series-parallel PHEV bus, a series-parallel PHEV city bus with a generator of 100 kW maximum power will still show small advantage in cost-of-ownership, based on current motor price and natural gas price.

직․병렬스위치와 직․병렬비대칭 적층형 스위치 성능비교에 관한 연구

노희정,최학윤 대한전자공학회 2023 전자공학회논문지 Vol.60 No.10

본 논문에서는 1GHz ~ 6GHz 대역내에서 동작하는 두 가지 종류의 스위치를 설계하여 성능을 분석․연구하였다. 직․병렬비대칭 적층형 스위치는 직․병렬 스위치의 입력 송신단에만 2개의 FET를 스택 구조로 추가 연결하여 비대칭 구조가 되도록 스위치를 설계하여 특성을 비교하였다. 직․병렬비대칭 적층형 스위치의 경우 송신 경로의 특성은 1GHz∼6GHz 대역에서 1.5dB 이하의 삽입손실과 25dB이상의 격리도를 얻었고, 송신단 전력측에서도 1~3dB 정도 감소가 있었으며 직․병렬SPDT스위치는 송신경로에서는 1dB 이하의 삽입손실과 30dB 이상의 격리도, 0.24dB의 전력이 감소되어 전체적인 성능면에서 직․병렬스위치가 우수한 것으로 연구되었다. In this paper, two types of switches operating in the 1GHz ~ 6GHz band were designed and their performance was analyzed and studied. The characteristics of the series․parallel asymmetric stacked switch were designed to have an asymmetric structure by additionally connecting two FETs in a stack structure only to the input-transmit terminal of the series․parallel switch. In the case of the series․parallel asymmetric stacked switch, the characteristics of the transmission path obtained an insertion loss of less than 1.5dB and an isolation degree of more than 25dB in the 1GHz∼6GHz band, and there was a decrease of about 1 to 3dB in the power side of the transmitting end, and the series-parallel switch had a 1dB reduction in the transmission path It has been studied that the series․parallel switch is excellent in terms of overall performance with less than 30dB of insertion loss, 30dB or more of isolation, and 0.24dB of power reduction.

경산 임당지역 고분 주‧부곽 유구 형태에 대하여

최봉인 한국고대사탐구학회 2016 한국고대사탐구 Vol.22 No.-

The large-sized and the mid & small sized tombs is in Imdang tombs, Gyeongsan, it is divided two types which is an adjoining grave hole and separate grave hole. A separate grave hole have type of series connection and type of parallel connection, it discusses with time and social change by type of series connection and type of parallel connection. The type of series connection on the large-sized tombs made on from the 3rd quarter of the 4th century to the 1st quarter of the 6th century AD, the type of parallel connection built on the 1st quarter of the 6th century AD. The type of series-parallel connection of the Large-sized grave didn't construct on the 2rd quarter of the 6th century AD. The type of series connection on the mid & small sized made on from the 2nd quarter of the 5th century to the 1st quarter of the 6th century AD, the type of parallel connection was built from the 4th quarter of the 5th century to the 3rd quarter of the 6th century AD. The type of parallel connection became popular at the 1st quarter 6 century AD. It induced type of parallel connection of the mid & small sized by Gyeongju(Silla). The type of parallel connection was more increased the mid & small sized than the large-sized tombs. It guesses to immigrated group with used the type of parallel connection of the mid & small sized and disappeared the large-sized grave. The type of parallel connection of the mid & small sized graves were introduced in Imdang area, it's to disappeared the large-sized grave's group by social change. It seems to influenced by the operation of social system under control of Gyeongju(Silla). 경산 임당지역 고분은 대형묘와 중‧소형묘가 있으며, 동혈묘광과 이혈묘광에는 주곽과 부곽으로 구분되는 것이 있다. 이 글은 이혈묘광의 묘 배치형태에 따라 직렬형과 병렬형으로 나누고, 이 두 가지 형의 변화를 시기별로 알아보아 이를 통해 사회상을 살펴보았다. 대형묘는 4세기 3/4분기부터 6세기 1/4분기까지 직렬형이 관찰되며, 6세기 1/4분기에 병렬형이 축조되었다. 6세기 2/4분기부터는 대형묘가 조성되지 않았다. 중‧소형묘는 5세기 2/4분기부터 6세기 1/4분기까지 직렬형이 조성되며, 5세기 4/4분기부터 6세기 3/4분기까지 병렬형이 만들어진다. 6세기 1/4분기부터 병렬형이 대부분을 차지하게 된다. 경주의 영향에 따라 도입된 병렬형은 중‧소형묘에서 먼저 차용하였고, 대형묘에서 병렬형이 들어오는 시기에 중‧소형묘에는 병령형이 급증한다. 이는 중‧소형묘의 병렬형을 사용한 집단이 유입된 것으로 추정되며, 대형묘가 소멸하는 것으로 짐작된다. 중‧소형묘의 병렬형 도입은 임당지역에 사회적 위상 변화로 대형묘 집단을 사라지게 하는 계기가 되었으며, 이는 신라의 영향 아래 있는 것으로 보인다.

Quasi Z-Source based Full Bridge Isolated DC/DC Topology as A Basic Module for DC-Series PV Converter Connected to HVDC Grid

Xinke Huang,Huan Wang,Yibo Wang,Honghua Xu 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

DC series-parallel photovoltaic (PV) plants have many advantages. As the most important equipment in the system, DC-Series DC/DC converter has some special technical requirements compared to other applications, especially, the wide input and output voltage regulation range requirement presents a unique challenge to the DC/DC converter design. The paper proposes a Quasi Z-Source based Full Bridge Isolated DC/DC Converter (QZS-FBIC) as a basic module, which cascaded through input parallel and output series (IPOS) to improve power capacity and output voltage adjustment range, so as to meet with the needs of the DC series-parallel PV generation system. The proposed converter can operate both in boost and buck mode. Besides some normal operating modules, several redundant modules are added, and all of these modules putting in and cutting out control to enlarge the range of the output voltage of the converter. A 20kV/500kW DC/DC converter model and 60kV/1.5MW system model are built in Matlab / Simulink to test the proposed topology and control strategies.

대등(對等)고장률을 활용한 직 · 병렬구조 시스템의 신뢰도할당 구도

조경환 한국신뢰성학회 2016 한국신뢰성학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

The purpose of this paper is to present a modified reliability allocation scheme of a series-parallel system based on that of a series system. Equivalent failure rate is derived as mean failure rate as failure rate of a redundant system is time-varying. We can get constant failure rate that produces the same value of reliability as that of redundant system when time interval is fixed. It means that reliability can be converted to constant failure rate by means of equivalent failure rate. Target failure rate is used in general instead of target reliability via equivalent failure rate. Target failure rate of a series-parallel system can be allocated into those of subsystems including both series and parallel subsystems. Mathematical equations are suggested to figure out target failure rates of parallel subsystems when a target reliability of a series-parallel system is given.

제한된 그래프를 위한 노드개선에 관한 연구

백두원 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

We condsider trees, series-parallel digraphs, and general series-parallel digraphs that have vertex weithts adn delays. The length/delay of a path is the sm of the delays on the path. We show that minimal weight vertex subsets X such that the length of the longest path is bounded by a given value when all vervices in X are upgraded to have delay 0 can be found in pseudo polynomial time. In case all delats are unit or all weights are unit, our algorithms have a quadratic complexity. For the case of trees with unit weights and unit delays, we develop a linear time algorithm.

전지의 연결방법에 따른 전지의 내부저항과 부하저항의 상대적 크기와 전류의 관계에 대한 이론적 접근

현동걸 한국물리학회 2010 새물리 Vol.60 No.10

The theoretical approach used in this study led to the conclusion that the relation of the relative magnitude of a load resistance to the internal resistance of a battery can determine the characteristics of the currents in electric circuits with a series and a parallel combination of batteries. Particularly, the currents for a parallel combination of batteries are found to be much larger than those for a series combination in the resistance region where the load resistance is less than the internal resistance of the battery. In the same region of resistance, the currents in a series combination do not increase in spite of adding batteries. Of partcular note is the fact that this region has been ignored so far. 전지의 직렬연결과 병렬연결 전기회로에서 전지의 내부저항과 부하저항의상대적인 크기에 의하여 이들의 전류 특성이 결정됨을 이론적인 접근을통하여 보였다. 특히 부하저항의 크기가 전지의 내부저항보다 작은영역에서 전지의 병렬연결에 의하여 전지의 직렬연결로서는 얻을 수 없는큰 전류를 얻을 수 있다는 것과 직렬로 연결하는 전지의 수가 증가함에도전류가 커지지 않는 현상에 대한 원인을 밝혔다. 그런데 부하저항의크기가 전지의 내부저항보다 작은 영역은 지금까지 간과해 왔던영역이다.

Joint reliability importance of series-parallel systems

Dewan, I.,Jain, K. The Korean Reliability Society 2011 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.12 No.2

A series-parallel system with independent but non-identical components is considered. The expressions have been derived for the joint reliability importance (JRI) of m (${\geq}2$) components, chosen from a series-parallel system. JRIs of components of two different series-parallel systems are studied analytically and graphically.

Control the Magnetic Resonance Circuit Both Series-Series and Series-Parallel Compensation for Wireless Inductive Power Transfer System

MD Faisal Ahmed,Moh. Khalid Hasan,Md. Shahjalal,Yeong Min Jang 한국통신학회 2019 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

Matroid base polytopes for series-parallel extensions

김상욱 호남수학회 2016 호남수학학술지 Vol.38 No.2

In this article, we study the matroid base polytope for a matroid obtained from another matroid by a series or parallel extension of an element. We express this polytope as a wedge of a polytope. In particular, we provide the facial structure of the matroid base polytope corresponding to a series-parallel matroid.