Estimation of Oil Yield of Perilla by Seed Characteristics and Crude Fat Content

오은영,이명희,김정인,김승업Sungup Kim,배석복,하태종 한국작물학회 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.2

Perilla (Perilla frutescens var.frutescens) is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae family, mainly grown for obtaining oil by press extraction after roasting the seeds. Oil yield is one of its important traits, but evaluating this yield is time-consuming, requires many seeds, and is hard to adjust to pedigrees in a breeding field. The objective of this study was to develop a method for selecting high-oil-yield lines in a breeding population without oil extraction. Twenty-three perilla cultivars were used for evaluating the oil yield and seed traits such as seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion and crude fat. After evaluation of the seed traits of 23 perilla cultivars, the ranges of oil yields, seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion, 100-seed weight, and crude fat were 24.68-38.75%, 157-1166 gf, 24-399 ㎛, 15.4-41.5%, 2.79-6.69 g, and 33.0-47.8%, respectively. In an analysis of correlation coefficients, the oil yield negatively correlated with seed length, seed width, the proportion of seed coat, seed hardness, and 1000-seed weight, but positively correlated with crude fat content. It was observed that as the seed coat proportion increased, the seed coat thickness, hardness, and 1000-seed weight also increased. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to find major variables affecting the oil yield. Among the variables, traits crude fat content and seed coat proportion were assumed to be indirect parameters for estimating the potential oil yield, with respect to a significant positive correlation with the observed oil yield (R2 = 0.791). Using these two parameters, an equation was derived to predict the oil yield. The results of this study show that various seed traits in 23 perilla cultivars positively or negatively correlated with the oil yield. In particular, crude fat and the seed coat proportion can be used for predicting the oil yield with the newly developed equation, and this approach will improve the efficiency of selecting prominent lines for the oil yield.

Estimation of Oil Yield of Perilla by Seed Characteristics and Crude Fat Content

Oh, Eunyoung,Lee, Myoung Hee,Kim, Jung In,Kim, Sungup,Pae, Suk-Bok,Ha, Tae Joung The Korean Society of Crop Science 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.2

Perilla (Perilla frutescens var.frutescens) is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae family, mainly grown for obtaining oil by press extraction after roasting the seeds. Oil yield is one of its important traits, but evaluating this yield is time-consuming, requires many seeds, and is hard to adjust to pedigrees in a breeding field. The objective of this study was to develop a method for selecting high-oil-yield lines in a breeding population without oil extraction. Twenty-three perilla cultivars were used for evaluating the oil yield and seed traits such as seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion and crude fat. After evaluation of the seed traits of 23 perilla cultivars, the ranges of oil yields, seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion, 100-seed weight, and crude fat were 24.68-38.75%, 157-1166 gf, $24-399{\mu}m$, 15.4-41.5%, 2.79-6.69 g, and 33.0-47.8%, respectively. In an analysis of correlation coefficients, the oil yield negatively correlated with seed length, seed width, the proportion of seed coat, seed hardness, and 1000-seed weight, but positively correlated with crude fat content. It was observed that as the seed coat proportion increased, the seed coat thickness, hardness, and 1000-seed weight also increased. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to find major variables affecting the oil yield. Among the variables, traits crude fat content and seed coat proportion were assumed to be indirect parameters for estimating the potential oil yield, with respect to a significant positive correlation with the observed oil yield ($R^2=0.791$). Using these two parameters, an equation was derived to predict the oil yield. The results of this study show that various seed traits in 23 perilla cultivars positively or negatively correlated with the oil yield. In particular, crude fat and the seed coat proportion can be used for predicting the oil yield with the newly developed equation, and this approach will improve the efficiency of selecting prominent lines for the oil yield.

Phenotypic Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)

( Olawale Mashood Aliyu ),( Bukola Oluwaseun Makinde ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.2

Poor seed yield remains a great challenge for cowpea production in sub-Sahara Africa and continuous evaluation of available genetic resource to develop high and stable yielding varieties is the panacea to this regional food security conundrum. In this study, 21 cowpea breeding lines were evaluated for phenotypic analysis of seed yield components for two years in a randomized complete block design of 3 replications. All the yield components exhibited significant genotypic variation, while flowering, pod maturity and seed yield traits recorded significant variation for years and its interactions. These cowpeas, which are predominantly early-medium maturing biotypes, exhibited relative phenotypic stability for the yield components across years (seasons) except seed yield, being a final product of complex physiological process. Relationships between flowering/pod maturity and seed size were positive and significant. By contrast, pods/plant, seeds/plant and total seed yield recorded negative correlations with pod maturity. However, seeds/plant and pods/plant are the most contributory components to seed-yield with correlation coefficients of r=0.95, 0.89, respectively. Although seed size had negative correlation with seeds/pod, but strong linkage between seed number (seeds/pod, seeds/plant) and seed yield; and additive gene nature of seed size, suggest a weak size-number trade-off in cowpea. Genetic variance components indicates high genetic contributions over non-genetic to plant phenotypic variability with high heritability values (0.75-0.91). Six cowpea lines (IT10K-837-1, IT07K-299-6, IT10K-815-5, IT10K-817-7, IT08K-150-24, and IT11K-61-82) with multiple quality yield traits could be selected for immediate farmers use and future genetic improvement.

Variance components, correlation and path analyses in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)

Aliyu Olawale Mashood,Tiamiyu Adeyemi Odunola,Usman Muinat,Abdulkareem Yusuf Folorunsho 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.2

Cowpea as a low-input crop has a potential to signifcantly ameliorate poor nutrition and food insecurity in sub-Sahara Africa if problem of poor seed yield is addressed. Adequate information on the relationship between yield components and seed yield is, however, crucial for the development of better quality varieties to improve farmers’ feld yield. To this end, twelve cowpea accessions of diferent seed sizes and mixed pedigrees were evaluated for two years in feld trials of three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design. Data collected on plant vigour indices, yield components and seed yield were analyzed for variance components, Pearson correlation coefcient and structural equation modeling for path analysis. The accessions exhibited signifcant variation for all yield components including seed yield. In addition, the variance estimates indicated that substantial variations recorded were mostly genetic with high heritability values. Earliness in fowering and pod maturity recorded highly signifcant correlations and direct efect with yield components and seed yield. Positive correlation between precocity and high yield could be exploited in the development of improved varieties with early maturity for the savannah ecology with a characteristic short wet season. Importantly, all seed yield components are signifcantly correlated with each other and to total seed yield. Pods per plant, however, recorded highest coefcient values (r=0.85; P<0.001; 1.38**) for both Pearson correlation and path analysis, respectively, suggesting its importance as a yield component with highest direct efect on seed yield and should be a core selection index in cowpea breeding. The efect of size-number trade-of accounts for the counter-balance of direct efects of seeds per pod/plant (number) and seed weight (size) in cowpea and should be determined on genotype and/or seed size basis during selection. Plant vigour characters had no direct contribution to seed yield.

Effects of Seeding Date and Rate on Growth and Yield of Barley Cultivar 'Duwonchapssalbori' in Southern Region

Chun, Jong-Un,Park, Hae-Sik,Nam, Jung-Hyun The Korean Society of Crop Science 2000 한국작물학회지 Vol.45 No.1

In order to develop an appropriate cultural practice for a newly bred 2-rowed, waxy, naked barley cultivar 'Duwonchapssalbori' in the southern region, 2 varieties, 3 seeding dates, 4 seeding rates were designed with 2 replications. The heading and maturity dates of 'Duwonchapssalbori' were' earlier than 'Saessalbori by 2-5 and 4 days, respectively. Culm length of 'Duwonchapssalbori' was 60 to 66cm with lodging resistance. Grain yields of both varieties were 4.28-4.33 ton/ha in the plot of Oct. 20 seeding, 4.11-4.18 ton in the plot of Oct. 28 seeding, and 3.7-13.89 ton/ha in the Nov. 5 seeding. Grain yield with different seeding rates highly significantly fitted with secondary polynomial equations in the plots of Oct. 20 and Oct. 28 seedings ($R^2$=0.84-0.85), showing the greatest yield with seeding rate of 140kg per ha. However, the grain yield with various seeding rates in the plot of Nov. 5 seeding showed simple linear regression ($R^2$=0.71), showing the seeding rate over 160kg in the case of later seeding to be optimal. Number of spikes per $m^2$ significantly contributed to grain yield, and fitted to simple linear regression ($R^2$=0.881-0.891), suggesting that plenty of early stands should be established at early seedling stage for high grain yield. Young spikes of 'Duwonchapssalbori' in the plot of Oct. 20 seeding elongated with linear increments since Feb. 10 (6.7mm), and showed rapid increment since March 7 (15.1mm). However, elongation of young spikes of 'Saessalbori' began from March 15 with slow increments. From these studies, the optimum seeding date and seeding rate in 'Duwonchapssalbori' were Oct. 20-28 and 140kg per ha for high grain yield in the southern regions.

Seed Yields of Soybean (Glycine max. L.) Grown at Drained-paddy Fields as Affected by Different Tillage Practices

Han-Yong Kim(김한용),Woo-Jung Choi(최우정) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11

In soybean production systems under drained-paddy fields, flooding and excessive soil moisture events have often negative effects on seed yields. We hypothesized tillage practices (i.e., rotary tillage only and rotary combined with deep tillage) would exhibit differences in seed yield of soybean grown under drained-paddy fields through altering rhizosphere environment. Our results showed that the seed yields of soybean (cv. Daewon) can be susceptible to the tillage practices, exhibiting a greater seed yield in rotary tillage only than in rotary combined with deep tillage (Fig. 1). A greater soil bulk density was likely caused by rotary combined with deep tillage, possibly leading to a greater potential of the water retentions and softening soil hardness. Consequently, this is prone to cause an excessive soil water and a lodging in particular when the monsoon season is considerably prolonged as observed in 2020, resulting in reduction of the seed yields. In addition, seeding time had a great potential to alter seed yields of soybean grown as double-cropping after barely (Fig. 2). Substantial declines in seed yields with seeding delays were observed, bar the case of crops seeded on June 15 and exposed to flooding at sensitive crop stage (R2-R3). These findings provide empirical support for the soybean production under drained-paddy field that tillage practices as well as seeding time could be one of important options to ensure a satisfying seed yields. 〈수식 본문참조〉

파종시기 및 파종량이 총체보리의 생육특성 및 수량에 미치는 영향

김원호(Kim. W. H),서성(S. Seo),신재순(J. S. Shin),임영철(Y. C. Lim),김기용(K. Y. Kim),김찬호(C. H. Kim) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.3

This study was carried out to find out the effect of seed date and rate on the agronomic c㏊racteristics and yield of forage barley in paddy field of Suwon, from 2001 to 2003. The main plots were consisted of different seeding dates such as 5th and 20th October and 5th November. The subplots were consisted of different seeding rates of barley such as 160, 190 and 220 ㎏/㏊. Plant height was increased at the early seeding. Dry matter(DM) percentage of barley was decreased as the seeding date was delayed. Dry matter percentages of 5th and 20th October and 5th November were 47.4, 41.5 and 34.5%, respectively. Fresh matter yield of barley decreased from 30,092 to 16,018 ㎏/㏊ as the seeding date was delayed. And fresh matter yield of barley was significantly increased with the increase in the seeding rate. Dry matter yield of barley decreased from 14,230 to 5,521 ㎏/㏊ as the seeding date was delayed. And dry matter yield of barley was significantly increased with increase in the seeding rate(p〈0.05). The results obtained from this study indicate t㏊t both the seeding date of 20th October and seeding rate of 220 ㎏/㏊ would be recommendable for forage yield of barley in paddy field.

파종량과 비료 시용이 봄 재배용 카멜리나 종자 생산량에 미치는 영향

박민우,최충원,오명근,이상협 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.1

바이오 디젤용 원료작물인 카멜리나를 중국 지역에서 대량 상용재배 하기 위해서 길림성 연길 지역에서 재식 밀도,비료 시비, 파종 시기 등이 종자 생산량에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 재식 밀도와 증수량의 상관 관계를 알아보기 위해서 단위면적당 다른 두 가지의 파종량을 적용했다. 0.1 ha당 카멜리나 종자 0.23 ㎏을 파종한 시험구가 0.56 ㎏을 파종한 시험구보다 60.6 g이 증대되는 결과를 보였다. 또한 비료 시비량과 증수량의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해서 0.1ha당질소 1.97 ㎏과 인 12.3 ㎏을 시용한 시험구, 질소 2.8 ㎏과 인 17.5 ㎏을 시용한 시험구, 그리고 무시비구를 이용해서 증수량을 분석한 결과 재배지역에 따라 상이한 결과를보였다. 다른 실험 결과와 비교하면 상당히 낮은 시비량에도 증수량이 포화되는 결과를 보이는 것으로 봐서 시험구포장 자체가 상당한 양의 비료 성분을 포함하는 것으로 추정되며 통상적인 농경지 재배에서는 추가적인 시비 효과가크지 않을 것으로 여겨진다. 파종 시기에 따른 종자수확량은 동일한 생육 기간을 거치더라도 5월 4일에 파종을 한 후수확을 하는 것이 5월 29일 파종한 것보다 높은 생산량을보였다. 이 결과는 빠른 파종 시기가 종자 생산량에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미하므로 최대한 파종 시기를앞당기는 것이 종자의 생산량을 늘리는데 도움이 될 것이라고 판단 된다. The objective of this study was comparisonof seed yields according to different seeding rates, seedingtime and application of chemical fertilizations in Yanji regionof China. The experiment was conducted on commercial farmlandat Yanji region in 2013. All the experimental fields weredesigned following randomized block design with 3 replicates. The plant spacing was applied as 65?1 cm distance. To checkthe effect of seeding rate, two different seeding rate, 0.2 kg/0.1haand 0.5 kg/0.1ha were applied. The higher seed yield wasobserved in low seeding rate (0.2 kg/0.1ha). The applicationof fertilizer (mixture of N and P) showed different resultsfollowing different experimental fields. However, there werelittle positive effects following fertilizer application into commercialfarmland. When we compare seed yields between twodifferent seeding dates, 4th May and 29th May, the earlierseeding date (4th May) showed higher seed yields. In consideringthese results, low seeding rate and early seeding time isimportant for getting high camelina seed yields. Keywords : Camelina Sativa, Yield components, Seed production,Biodiesel

Influence of Moisture Content and Seed Dimensions on Mechanical Oil Expression from African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) Seed

( Aremu ),( Ademola K. ),( Ogunlade ),( Clement A. ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.3

New low-cost oilseeds are needed to meet an ever-increasing demand for oil for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. African oil bean seed is a tropical crop that is underutilized and has high oil yields, but there have been no studies conducted on its mechanical oil expression up to now. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of moisture content and seed dimensions on mechanical oil expression from the seeds. Methods: Fresh oil bean seeds were procured, de-hulled, and cleaned. Initial seed moisture content, obtained in accordance with the ASAE standard, was 12% dry basis (db). The seeds were further conditioned by dehydration and rehydration prior to oil expression to obtain four other moisture levels of 8, 10, 14, and 16% db. The major diameter of the seeds was measured using digital vernier calipers, and the seeds were classified into size dimensions (< 40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, and > 55 mm). The oil yield and expression efficiency were obtained in accordance with standard evaluation methods. Results: The highest oil yield and expression efficiency (47.74% and 78.96%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 8% db and seed dimensions of < 40 mm, while the lowest oil yield and expression efficiency (41.35% and 68.28%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 14% db and seed dimensions between 51-55 mm. A mathematical model was developed to predict oil yield for known moisture content and seed dimensions, with a coefficient of determination R² of 95% and the confidence level of the predictive model of 84.17%. The probability of prediction F ratio showed that moisture content influence was more significant than seed dimensions. Conclusions: The higher the moisture content and larger the seed dimensions, the lower the oil yield from African oil bean seeds.

Effects of Rhizobium Inoculant, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Molybdenum on Nodulation, Yield, and Seed Protein in Pea

Rabbani M. G.,Solaiman A. R. M.,Hossain K. M.,Hossain T. The Korean Society of Crop Science 2005 한국작물학회지 Vol.50 No.2

The effects of Rhizobium inoculant, nitrogen, phosphorus, and molybdenum on nodulation, dry matter production, yield attributes, pod and seed yields, protein and phosphorus contents in seed of pea (pisum sativum) var. IPSA Motorshuti-3 were assessed by a field experiment. Among the treatments Rhizobium inoculant in combination with 25kg P and 1.5kg Mo/ha performed best in recording number of nodules/plant, total dry matter yield, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, green pod yield, green and mature seed yields of pea. The highest green pod yield of 15.37 t/ha ($97.05\%$ increase over control) and green seed yield of 9.6t/ha ($69.31\%$ increase over control) were obtained by inoculating pea with Rhizobium inoculant in association with 25kg P and 1.5 Mo/ha. The effects of 60 or 120kg N/ha were comparable to Rhizobium inoculant in most cases. There were positive correlations among yield attributes, yield, protein and phosphorus contents in seeds of pea. From the viewpoint of yield attributes, yield, and seed quality, application of Rhizobium inoculant along with 25kg P and 1.5kg Mo/ha was considered to be the balanced combination of nutrients for achieving the maximum output from cultivation of pea in Shallow-Red Brown Terrace Soil of Bangladesh.