성인의 심폐체력 수준: 2014-2015 Korea Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards (KISS FitS) Project 자료를 중심으로

박세정 ( Saejong Park ),고병구 ( Byoung-goo Ko ),송주호 ( Joo-ho Song ),송홍선 ( Hong-sun Song ),정진욱 ( Jin-wook Chung ),박수현 ( Soo Hyun Park ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2016 체육과학연구 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 성인 남, 녀의 Bruce 트레드밀 운동시간과 예측된 최고산소섭취량의 분포를 제시하고 심폐체력과 대사증후군, 좌업생활습관 및 교육수준과의 관련성을 조사하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2014-2015년도에 `국민체력100 한국인 건강체력 기준개발(Korea Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards: KISS FitS) 프로젝트에 참여한 자 중 최대운동부하검사를 실시한 2,006명(19-64세)을 대상으로 분석하였다. 성인남자의 평균 운동시간은 19-29세 11분 26초, 30-39세 11분 18초, 40-49세 11분 06초, 50-59세 10분03세, 그리고 60-64세 8분 51초였으며, 성인여자는 각각 9분 49초, 9분 09초, 8분 42초, 8분 01초, 그리고 7분 33초로 나타났다. 성인남자의 예측된 최고산소섭취량은 19-29세 42.3, 30-39세 41.8, 40-49세41.2, 50-59세 37.6, 그리고 60-64세 33.6 ml/kg/minute였으며, 성인여자는 각각 34.0, 31.8, 30.3,28.0 그리고 26.4ml/kg/minute로 나타났다. 심폐체력수준과 교육수준은 남녀 모두에서 양의 관련성이 나타났으며, 좌업생활자는 규칙적인 운동 혹은 신체활동을 하는 사람보다 유의하게 심폐체력이 낮았다. 마지막으로 대사증후군의 유병률의 승산비는 연령, 흡연유무, 음주유무 그리고 좌업생활습관을 통제하고도 낮은 체력수준을 가지고 있는 사람에 비해, 남자의 경우 중간 체력수준일 때 약 50%와 높은 체력수준일 때 약 87%로, 여자의 경우 중간 체력수준일 때 약 48%와 높은 체력수준일 때 약 50%로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과는 향후 한국인의 체력 평가를 추적하는 데 이용할 수 있을 것이며, 또한 교육수준, 좌업생활습관 및 대사증후군에 의한 체력의 차이는 맞춤 보건 및 체육정책, 프로그램 및 서비스를 개발하는 데 기초자료로 이용할 수 있을 것이다. To provide the distribution of cardiorespiratory fitness including Bruce treadmill exercise time and estimated peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>peak) and investigate association with cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome, sedentary lifestyle, or education level among Korean adults. Analysis of data on 2,006 adults (19-64 yr) who had completed a maximal grade treadmill exercise test, from the Sports Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards (KISS FitS) project 2014-2015. The mean maximal exercise time was 11`26``, 11`18``, 11`06``, 10`03`` and 8`51`` (minutes and seconds) for men 19-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-64 years of age, respectively, for women, it was 9`49``, 9`09``, 8`42``, 8`01`` and 7`33`` for the corresponding age groups. The mean peak oxygen uptake was estimated as 42.3, 41.8, 41.2, 37.6 and 33.6 ml/kg/minute for men 19-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-64 years of age, respectively, For women, it was 34.0, 31.8, 30.3, 28.0 and 26.4 ml/kg/minute for the corresponding age groups. A positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness level and education level was observed for both men and women. Furthermore, participants with sedentary lifestyle had a significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness than participants with activity lifestyle. Finally, Men with moderate and high fitness level had 50% and 87% lower odds for the metabolic syndrome, and women had 48% and 50% lower odds for the metabolic syndrome, respectively, than the ones with low fitness level after adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol intake, and sedentary lifestyle. These results can be used to track future Korean assessments and to evaluated interventions. The differences in fitness status by education level, sedentary lifestyle or metabolic syndrome can also be used to develop health policies, program and educational services.

Lifestyle-related predictors affecting prediabetes and diabetes in 20-30-year-old young Korean adults

Kyong Sil Park,Seon Young Hwang 한국역학회 2020 Epidemiology and Health Vol.42 No.-

OBJECTIVES:To investigate lifestyle-related predictors of prediabetes and diabetes in young adults aged 20–39 years using data from the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis using the KNHANES data. Participants were classified into normal group (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] <100 mg/dL and/or hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] <5.7%), prediabetes group (FPG 100-125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%), and diabetes group (FPG ≥126 mg/dL and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: Out of 4,190 participants, 27.7% of men and 16.3% of women were in the prediabetes group and 1.4% of men and 1.3% of women were in the diabetes group. Logistic regression confirmed that age and obesity are predictors of prediabetes and diabetes in both men and women. Additionally low physical activity and low education level are predictors of prediabetes in men and women, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study has found that age and increased obesity are predictors of elevated blood glucose in young men and women in their 20s and 30s. A strategy to lower obesity by promoting physical activity in men in their 30s is essential to prevent metabolic syndrome and progression to prediabetes.

코어안정화 운동이 좌식생활 패턴 성인의 척추기립근 수축 속성 및 체간 등속성 근기능에 미치는 영향

이형우,안승호,전경규 한국운동역학회 2022 한국운동역학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate effect of core stabilization exercises on the erector spinae contractile properties and trunk isokinetic muscle function of middle age with low physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Method: Twenty (female: n=10, male: n=10) middle-age subjects (age: 37.25 ± 6.08 years, height: 168.01 ± 6.84 cm, weight: 71.37 ± 11.75 kg) participated in this study. Tensiomyography was measured on the erector spinae, and the isokinetic trunk muscle function test was measured at an angular velocity of 60 °/s and 90 °/s. All subjects performed the core stabilization exercises for 60 min per day, 3 times a week, for 7 weeks. A paired t-test was performed with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Tensiomyography of the erector spinae revealed a significant post-exercise increase in the maximum radial displacement (p < .05) and velocity of contraction (p < .05), however, there wasn't a significant postexercise change in the contraction time. Additionally, the isokinetic muscle function test of the trunk revealed a significant post-exercise increase in trunk extensor relative strength (p < .05) and strength ratio (p < .05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that core stabilization exercises reduced erector spinae muscle stiffness, increased the velocity of erector spinae contraction. Additionally, data showed the improvement in the trunk extensor strength help induce a more balanced development in trunk muscle.

Association between Sedentary Time and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults

박재홍,조희경,이경실,제상준,조수환,김수진,오승원,권혁태 대한가정의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.39 No.1

Background: Sedentary behavior has been shown to have deleterious effects on cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between sedentary time and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data from adults aged 19 years and above in the 2013 Kore-an National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sedentary time was self-reported and categorized into quintiles. Cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose levels, were categorized into dichotomous variables according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with adjustment for various demographic and lifestyle variables, body mass index (BMI), waist circum-ference (WC), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Complex sampling design was used, and survey weights and sample design variables were applied in analyses.Results: A total of 3,301 individuals were included in the analyses, and mean sedentary time was 6.1 h/d. Prolonged sedentary time was significantly associated with high diastolic BP (top vs. bottom quintile: adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.68; Ptrend=0.03) and low HDL cholesterol level (top vs. bottom quintile: ad-justed OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.02–1.98; Ptrend=0.02) after adjustment for BMI, WC, moderate-to-vigorous physical activi-ty, and other variables. No significant associations were found between sedentary time and other cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusion: Prolonged sedentary time was significantly associated with high diastolic BP and low HDL cholesterol level in Korean adults. The associations were independent of general and abdominal obesity and moderate-to-vig-orous physical activities.

Association between lifestyle risk factors and spine and pelvis deformations in children

( Mun Ku Song ),( Hyun Sik Kang ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: Sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity are known to have a negative effect on spinal alignment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the modifiable lifestyle risk factors and spine and pelvis deformations in school children. Method: A total of 149 children (boys71/girls78) aged 9-13 years voluntarily participated in the study. Physical activity (i.e., time) and sedentary lifestyle (i.e., sitting time, posture) were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Spinal parameters such as trunk imbalance, pelvic oblique, pelvic torsion, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, and scoliosis angle were measured with Formetric 4D (Diers, Schlangenbad, Germany). With respect to sitting posture, the subjects were divided into uncrossed sitting with both feet on the floor and cross-legged sitting posture groups. The subjects were also classified as sedentary, moderately-active, and highly-active groups based on the levels of daily physical activity. Result: Group comparison on sitting posture showed that the cross-legged sitting posture group has significantly higher values in pelvic oblique (2.2±1.6° vs. 1.6±1.4°, respectively, p=0.031) and scoliosis angle (13.9±6.0° vs. 11.4±4.9°, respectively, p=0.006) than the uncrossed sitting posture group. Linear contrast analysis using one-way ANOVA showed significant linear decreases in pelvic torsion(p=0.047) across incremental physical activity levels; the higher physical activity levels the lower pelvic torsion. No such linear trends in pelvic oblique and scoliosis angle were found across incremental sitting time. Conclusion: The current findings of the study suggest that poor sitting posture and physical inactivity rather than prolonged sitting may contribute to spine and pelvis deformations in school children, implying that physical activity along with correct sitting posture should be recommended as a potential therapeutic means against spinal deformation associated with daily sitting posture.

요부 안정화 운동 프로그램이 좌식 생활 여성의 요천추부 각도, 근력, 체력 및 통증에 미치는 영향

오지선 ( Ji-sun Oh ),최동균 ( Dong-gyun Choi ),김연수 ( Yeon-soo Kim ) 대한스포츠의학회 2017 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of lumbar stabilization exercise on lumbosacral region angle, lumbar strength, lower muscle strength, physical fitness, and low back pain of sedentary women. Twenty females who spend more than 6 hours a day as sedentary at working were recruited. The subjects were assigned to two different groups which are exercise group (n=10) and non-exercise group (n=10). Exercise program was consisted with Swiss ball and lumber stability exercise, and it was performed 60 min/day and 3 times/wk for 8 weeks. Two-way analysis of variance was conducted to analyze experimental data. As a result, there was no significant difference between groups in lumbar lordosis angle and lumbar sacral angle. However, Isometric lumbar extension strength, isokinetic knee flexion and extension peak torque in angular velocity were significantly different between groups, and the pain was reduced. To conclude, this study identified the effectiveness of lumbar stabilization exercise on lumbar muscular, strength, Sargent jump, sit and reach test and reduced pain.

동양 좌식생활과 서양 입식생활이 보행에 미치는 영향

김로빈(Kim, Ro-Bin),조준행(Cho, Joon-Haeng),김승재(Kim, Seung-Jae) 한국사회체육학회 2016 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.63

The purpose of this study was to examine how the different lifestyles of Westerners and Koreans effect the ligament of lower extremity on gait and to analyze the latent risk factors. The subjects were 12 Koreans who follow sedentary life style and 12 Westerners who do not follow sedentary life style. Based on image analysis, the movement of the ankle, knee, and hip joint in three dimensions were analyzed. Kinetic variables based on ground reaction force were also analyzed. The results were as follows. Significant differences were not found in the movement of the ankle and knee joint during gait and kinematic variables between the Westerners and the Koreans. But there were significant differences between the two groups in the movement of the hip joint. Koreans showed bigger knee joint valgus and the hip adduction. Based on this research, Koreans showed increased knee joint valgus and hip joint adduction during gait. This was found to effect the knee lateral meniscus.

수영 운동이 좌식생활 중년여성들의 건강 체력 및 면역 관련 염증성 변화에 미치는 영향

이보애 한국체육과학회 2023 한국체육과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

This study aimed to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on health fitness and immune-related inflammatory changes in sedentary middle-aged women, who were not physically active according to the ACSM's sedentary lifestyle criteria, and selected a total of 20 subjects in the exercise group (n=10) and control group (n=10). To achieve the objectives of the study, a swimming program was implemented for 60 minutes of exercise three times a week for 12 weeks, in the order of warm-up, main exercise, and cool-down, and the following results were obtained. Swimming exercise was found to have a positive effect on health fitness in sedentary middle-aged women, but only a modest effect on immune-related inflammatory changes. However, given the importance of immune function in the prevention of various diseases and the close association between swimming exercise and immune function in previous studies, regular swimming exercise in midlife may be a safe type and intensity of exercise for health fitness and immune function.

Physical Inactivity, Sedentary Behavior and Chronic Diseases

Karimé González,Jorge Fuentes,José Luis Márquez 대한가정의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.38 No.3

New research into physical activity suggests that it is no longer sufficient just to meet minimum levels recommend-ed by health guidelines in order to reduce cardiovascular risk. Both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior have their own health hazards and need to be addressed separately, in order to explore their different deleterious mech-anisms. The aim of this review was to define and to characterize both concepts, and their relationship with major non-communicable chronic diseases. A PubMed database search was undertaken, using the following key words: physical activity, physical inactivity, sedentarism, sedentary behavior, and non-communicable chronic disease. This literature review provides an updated view on physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, and reevaluates their prevalence and association with major non-communicable chronic disease.

Accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns among Korean adults

신승우,김현민,강영훈,김정훈 한국운동영양학회 2023 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.27 No.2

[Purpose] This study aimed to provide an overview of accelerometer-derived physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) patterns among Korean adults. We also investigated the association between participant characteristics and the likelihood of adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), SB, and the MVPA-SB guidelines. [Methods] Data from the 2014-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The study involved a nationally representative sample of 2,260 Korean adults aged ≥20 years. Accelerometers were used to measure PA and SB for seven days. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the participant characteristics and the likelihood of adhering to the MVPA, SB, and MVPA-SB guidelines. [Results] SB (60.61%), light intensity (26.22%), and lifestyle activities (9.4%) accounted for the majority of the participants’ days. MVPA and VPA accounted for 3.72% and 0.06% of the days, respectively. The MVPA guidelines were more likely to be adhered to by men, older adults, participants with higher education, non-smokers, and individuals without multimorbidity. Participants with higher education and household income were less likely to adhere to the SB guidelines. Women (OR=0.51), participants with high education levels (OR=0.54), current smokers (OR=0.47), and patients with multimorbidity (OR=0.46) were less likely to adhere to the MVPA-SB guidelines. [Conclusion] This study found that participants were predominantly sedentary, with only a small proportion engaging in VPA. There were differences related to demographic factors and health status. Most Korean adults do not adhere to the recommended MVPA-SB guidelines, and that is a serious public health concern. These findings highlight the need to promote PA and reduce SB through public health policies and interventions, particularly for adults facing PA barriers.