Goal Programming을 이용한 홍수기 저수지 최적 운영

김혜진,안재황,최창원,이재응 한국방재학회 2011 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of multipurpose reservoir operation in flood season is to reduce the peak flood at a control point by utilizing flood control storage or to minimize flood damage by controlling release and release time. Therefore, the most important thing in reservoir operation for flood season is to determine the optimal release and release time. In this study, goal programming is used for the optimal reservoir operation in flood season. The goal programming minimizes a sum of deviation from the target value using linear programming or nonlinear programming to obtain the optimal alternative for the problem with more than two objectives. To analyze the applicability of goal programming, the historical storm data are utilized. The goal programming is applied to the reservoir system operation as well as single reservoir operation. Chungju reservoir is selected for single reservoir operation and Andong and Imha reservoirs are selected for reservoir system operation. The result of goal programming is compared with that of HEC-5. As a result, it was found that goal programming could maintain the reservoir level within flood control level at the end of a flood season and also maintain flood discharge within a design flood at a control point for each time step. The goal programming operation is different from the real operation in the sense that all inflows are assumed to be given in advance. However, flood at a control point can be reduced by calculating the optimal release and optimal release time using suitable constraints and flood forecasting system. 홍수기 다목적댐 운영의 목적은 홍수조절용량을 최대한 이용하여 하류 주요 지점의 첨두홍수량을 저감시키거나, 계획홍수량을 초과하지 않도록 방류량과 방류시점을 조절함으로써 홍수피해규모를 최소화하는 것이다. 따라서 홍수기 다목적댐 운영에 있어 가장 중요한 것은 최적의 방류시점과 방류량의 결정이며 이를 통해 홍수기말 이수용량을 최대로 확보 하는 점이다. 본 연구에서는 다목적 최적화기법의 하나인 goal programming을 이용하여 홍수기 저수지 최적운영을 실시하였다. goal programming은 선형계획법 또는 비선형계획법을 이용하여 두 개 이상의 목적을 가진 문제의 최적 대안을 구하기 위해, 목표값으로부터의 편차의 합을 최소화하여 최적화하는 기법이다. 홍수기 다목적댐 운영에서 goal programming의 적용성을 검토하기 위해 실제 홍수사상을 이용하여, 단일저수지 운영과 저수지 연계운영을 실시하였다. 단일저수지 운영을 적용하기 위한 시험유역으로는 충주댐 유역을 선정하였고 저수지 연계운영을 적용하기 위한 시험유역으로는 안동댐과 임하댐 유역을 선정하였다. goal programming의 결과 분석을 위해 저수지 모의운영 모형인 HEC-5 모형의 결과와 비교, 분석하였다. 검토 결과 goal programming을 이용할 경우 홍수기 말에 저수지 수위를 홍수기제한수위로 유지할 수 있었으며 주요 지점의 홍수량을 매 시간 적절히 계획홍수량 아래로 유지할 수 있었다. goal programming을 이용한 최적 운영의 경우 전 구간의 유입량을 알고 있다고 가정한 점에서 실제 저수지 운영과는 차이가 있으나, 적절한 제약조건을 적용하고 홍수예경보를 이용하여 예보된 유입량을 활용하면 최적의 방류량 시점과 방류량을 산정하여 홍수기 다목적댐을 효율적으로 운영할 수 있으며 주요 지점의 홍수량도 저감할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

현장조사 관개 기준에 따른 농업용 저수지 운영 분석

김마가,최진용,방재홍,윤푸른,김귀훈 한국농공학회 2023 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.65 No.5

The drought risk has been increasing recently due to climate change causing the extreme climate to be more frequent. In order to supply agriculturalwater stably under drought, it is necessary to operate an agricultural reservoir in response to drought. To this end, it is crucial to establish appropriatedrought response operation rules considering weather conditions and reservoir status. In the reservoir operation simulation, the supply amount differsfrom the actual reservoir supply for many reasons, including maintaining water levels for supply and accommodating farmers’ requests. So, for a morerealistic reservoir operation simulation, it is necessary to reflect the reservoir operation rules of the actual water management site. Therefore, in thisstudy, through a survey, the standards for limitation of agricultural water supply applied to agricultural reservoirs in Korea were investigated, and thecriteria for drought response reservoir operation (DRO) were established based on the survey. Then, the DRO was applied to the irrigation period fornine subject reservoirs. The applicability was evaluated by comparing the DRO result to the operation result of HOMWRS (Hydrological OperationModel for Water Resources System). The reservoir drought index, storage rate, and daily supply were compared for evaluation. From the result, DROshowed more stable operation results in most cases against drought as it has fewer days of water supply limitation and a somewhat reservoir storagerate which can be utilized for prolonged drought.

RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오를 고려한 농업용 저수지군 운영에 따른 미래 하천유량 평가

이재남,노재경,Lee, Jaenam,Noh, Jaekyoung 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.5

This study aims to evaluate future stream flow by the operation of agricultural reservoir group at the upper stream of the Miho River. Four agricultural reservoirs with storage capacities greater than one million cubic meters within the watershed were selected, and the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario was applied to simulate reservoir water storage and stream flow assuming that there are no changes in greenhouse gas reduction. Reservoir operation scenarios were classified into four types depending on the supply of instream flow, and the water supply reliability of each reservoir in terms of water supply under different reservoir operation scenarios was analyzed. In addition, flow duration at the watershed outlet was evaluated. The results showed that the overall run-off ratio of the upper stream watershed of the Miho River will decrease in the future. The future water supply reliability of the reservoirs decreased even when they did not supply instream flow during their operation. It would also be difficult to supply instream flow during non-irrigation periods or throughout the year (January-December); however, operating the reservoir based on the operating rule curve should improve the water supply reliability. In particular, when instream flow was not supplied, high flow increased, and when it was supplied, abundant flow, ordinary flow, and low flow increased. Drought flow increased when instream flow was supplied throughout the year. Therefore, the operation of the agricultural reservoirs in accordance with the operating rule curve is expected to increase stream flow by controlling the water supply to cope with climate change.

실시간 저수위 및 용수공급 취약성 지표를 활용한 농업용 저수지 운영 기준 개발

남원호,최진용,Nam, Won Ho,Choi, Jin Yong 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.55 No.6

The efficient operation and management strategies of reservoirs in irrigation periods of drought events are an essential element for drought planning and countermeasure. Korea Rural Community Corporation has developed the real-time water level observation system of agricultural reservoirs to efficiently operate reservoirs, however, it is not possible to predict drought conditions, and only provides information of current situation. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate accurate irrigation vulnerability and efficiently reservoir operation rules using current water level. In this paper, the improvement methods of reservoir operation planning were developed with water supply vulnerability characteristic curves comparing to automatic water gauge at agricultural reservoirs. The 11 reservoirs were simulated applying the reservoir operation rules which was determined by irrigation vulnerability characteristic curves criteria and real time water level, and evaluated water supply situation in 2012 year. The analysis of results can be identified probabilistic possibility of water supply failures compared with the existing reservoir operation criteria. These results of efficient reservoir operation rules can be achieved enable irrigation planners to optimally manage available water resources for decision making, and contributed to maintain the water supply according to demand strategy for agricultural reservoirs management.

농업용 저수지 이수관리를 위한 저수율 가뭄단계기준 개선

문영식,남원호,우승범,이희진,양미혜,이종서,하태현 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.64 No.4

Currently, the operation rule of agricultural reservoirs in case of drought events follows the drought forecast warning standard of agricultural watersupply. However, it is difficult to preemptively manage drought in individual reservoirs because drought forecasting standards are set according toaverage reservoir storage ratio such as 70%, 60%, 50%, and 40%. The equal standards based on average water level across the country could not reflectthe actual drought situation in the region. In this study, we proposed the improvement of drought operation rule for agricultural reservoirs based onthe percentile approach using past water level of each reservoir. The percentile approach is applied to monitor drought conditions and determine droughtcriteria in the U.S. Drought Monitoring (USDM). We applied the drought operation rule to reservoir storage rate in extreme 2017 spring drought year,the one of the most climatologically driest spring seasons over the 1961-2021 period of record. We counted frequency of each drought criteria whichare existing and developed operation rules to compare drought operation rule determining the actual drought conditions during 2016-2017. As a resultof comparing the current standard and the percentile standard with SPI6, the percentile standard showed severe-level when SPI6 showed severe droughtcondition, but the current standard fell short of the results. Results can be used to improve the drought operation criteria of drought events that betterreflects the actual drought conditions in agricultural reservoirs.

저수지 수위 구간별 운영률의 구간 경계 도출을 위한 집합체 혼합진화 알고리즘의 적용

강신욱,강태욱,이상호 한국수자원학회 2014 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.47 No.10

본 연구의 목적은 댐 관리자가 쉽게 이해할 수 있고, 실제 댐 운영 업무에 적용하기 쉬운 저수지 운영률을 도출하는 것이다. 수위 구간별 저수지 운영률은 현재의 저수지 수위가 위치하는 영역의 운영 기준에 따라 저수지를 운영하는 간단한 방법이지만, 구체적인 수위 구간의 설정이 필요한 방법이다. 이에 연구에서는 수위 구간별 운영률을 포함한 저수지 운영 모형을 개발하였고, 수위 구간별 운영률의 적절한 수위 구간을 결정하기 위해 집합체 혼합진화 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 개발된 저수지 운영 모형을 물 수급 불균형으로 인해 물 공급에 어려움을 겪고 있는 필리핀의 Angat 댐에 대하여 적용하여 수위 구간별 운영률을 도출하고, 그에 따라 기록 유입량 자료를 이용하여 Angat 댐을 모의 운영하였다. 그 결과, 모의 운영을 통해 결정된 계획 공급량 대비 용수공급 부족량과 발전량은 실제 운영 기록에 비해 각각 34.5%와 21.2% 개선되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 댐의 장기 운영률 유도에 활용되어질 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of the study is to derive a long term reservoir operation method that is easy to understand and apply to practical use for dam operators. The zone based operation rule is a simple method to make operation decisions by criteria corresponding to storage zones. The reservoir storage levels dividing a reservoir, however, must be determined by some methods. We developed a reservoir operation model based on the zone based operation rule and the shuffled complex evolution algorithm(SCE-UA) was used to determine storage levels for zone division. The model was applied to Angat Dam in the Philippines that has trouble in water supply due to imbalance between supply and demand. We derived a zone based operation rule for Angat Dam and applied it to the reservoir simulation of Angat Dam using the historical inflow. The simulation results showed water supply deficit and power generation were improved by 34.5% and 21.2%, respectively, when compared with the historical records. The current study results may be used to derive a long term reservoir operation rule.

최적화기법을 이용한 금강상류지역 지표수-지하수 연계운영 및 갈수기 용수공급방안 검토

차기욱(Cha Keeuk),정태성(Cheong Tae Sung),고익환(Ko Ickhwan) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.27 No.5B

금강유역 상류에 용담댐이 건설되면서 댐 저수량의 대부분을 생공용수로 사용하는 전북권과 댐하류 생활ㆍ공업ㆍ농업용수 및 하천생태계를 위한 적정 하천유지용수를 요구하는 충청권사이에 용수이용에 대한 마찰이 발생하고 있다. 앞으로 이러한 수리권문제는 우리나라와 같이 가뭄이 주기적으로 반복되는 상황에서 수계별로 자주 발생할 수 있는데, 이러한 수리권 및 가뭄 문제를 해결하는 방안으로 저수지를 포함한 지표수-지하수의 연계운영은 하나의 대안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 용담댐에서 가뭄 또는 갈수로 인한 물부족 발생이 예상되거나 댐하류 하천환경용수의 증가가 필요한 경우 사용 가능한 지표수-지하수 연계운영방안을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 모의를 위하여 최적화방법을 토대로 한 LINGO 프로그램을 이용하여 산정된 용담댐 저수지 운영율, 미국 USGS에서 사용하는 RORA 프로그램으로부터 산정한 금강상류지역의 지하수 함유량과 지하수 펌핑에 의한 하천수 저감(stream depletion)은 지하수모델링 프로그램인 MODFLOW로부터 산정한 결과를 적용하였다. 지표수-지하수-저수지 연계운영을 모의하기 위하여 용담댐 저수지 운영율과 지하수 취수에 의한 하천수 손실 및 회귀수 등 지체 시간과 관련된 계수들을 미국 Colorado State University와 공동으로 개발한 KModSim에 적용하였으며, KmodSim에 의한 연계운영모형 수행 결과 갈수나 가뭄에서 저수지와 하천수-지하수를 적절하게 이용할 경우 물부족과 댐하류지역의 하천유지용수 부족을 현저히 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 용담댐에 적용한 저수지운영율과 댐하류 하천수 및 지하수를 연계하여 관리한다면 효율적인 수자원관리가 시행될 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. There are conflicts between Junbuk area where the municipal and industrial waters are supplied from Yongdam reservoir and Chungchung area located in downstream of Yongdam reservoir which reservoir supplies the municipal, the industrial, the agricultural water, and the instreamflow for river habitat after Yongdam reservoir construction in upper region of Geum River Basin. The interactions between the surface and ground waters within the reservoir operation is an alternative plan as a solution of these conflicts problems in the area where drought are repeated periodically. The objective of this study is for suggesting the surface water and the ground water interactions which management scenarios are used in the cases of respecting to the water supply deficits for drought season or increasing of instreamflow in downstream of Yongdam reservoir. For the test simulation, the operation rules of the Yongdam reservoir is developed from LINGO optimization model, ground water recharge is estimated from the RORA method used in USGS, and stream depletion by pumping is estimated from the ground water modeling such as MODFLOW. The optimized reservoir operation rules, lag coefficients related in the interactions between the surface water and the ground water, and lag time intervals of return flow are used in KModSim developed in collaboration with Colorado State University. The KModSim simulation results show that the effective operations for the reservoir and ground water and surface water interactions significantly reduce the deficits of water supplies and instreamtlow in downstream of Yongdam reservoir. Thus, the effective water resources management is proven with the optimized reservoir operation rules applied in Yongdam reservoir and interaction between the surface water and ground water.

농업용 저수지의 다중용수공급을 위한 SWAT 모형의 개선 및 적용

박종윤 ( Jong-yoon Park ),정인균 ( In-kyun Jung ),장철희 ( Cheol-hee Jang ),김성준 ( Seong-joon Kim ) 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.-

The aim of this study is to improve the reservoir module in SWAT2009 version for simulating the multiple water supply system of agricultural reservoir based on operating rule. The SWAT model was modified to adjust the references to the specified release and the model then made the release determination for each period. The improved SWAT model simulate the reservoir operation by calculating irrigation water requirements (4744.7 ha) and watershed hydrological processes. The definition of releases here includes the irrigation water, environmental flow and spillway from the reservoir, losses through evaporation and pool seepage in the reservoir. Using daily water level at three reservoirs (Gosam, Geumkwang, and Madun) and streamflow at two water stage stations (AS and GD) data, the improved SWAT model was calibrated (2006-2012) and validated (1998-2005) for a 363.70km2 Anseong-cheon agricultural watershed in South Korea. On a daily basis, the reservoir operation results at this period appear reasonable. The evaluation criteria of calibration and validation results were assessed using five objective functions for streamflow, including the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The average NSE during calibration and validation periods were 0.74 at AS and 0.72 at GD (watershed outlet), respectively. To enable adaptation due to multiple water supply of agricultural reservoir as a widely accepted environmental flow release, decision makers require quantitative results for the establishment of adaptation strategies. Detailed application of the improved SWAT model and its results for the adaptation of agricultural reservoir operation to the multiple water supply will be discussed.

Development of an Optimal Reservoir Pumping Operation for Adaptation to Climate Change

Tarmizi Ismail,Sobri Harun,Zaitul Marlizawati Zainudin,Shamsuddin Shahid,Abu Bakar Fadzil,Usman Ullah Sheikh 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.1

Optimization of operation rule curve of Layang reservoir located in southern part of peninsular Malaysia under climate change uncertainties has been presented in this study. Downscaled climate data were incorporated in a lumped rainfall-runoff model to project daily reservoir inflow, which was then used to determine the reservoir operation rule curves to minimize the operation cost. The results reveal that climatic change will cause a rise of temperature in the range of 1.5-2.9oC, but decrease in rainfall in most of the months in the end of this century which will casue a change in the seasonal pattern of inflow to reservoir. Comparison of historical and model generated operation costs indicates that annual savings of 23% and 33% is possible with optimized reservoir operation rule curves. Assessment of the performance of the optimized operation curve under climate change scenarios shows that it will be able to cope with the changing pattern of reservoir inflow with proper adjustment. It is expected that the method presented in this paper to derive pumping operation curves to optimize the total volume of water to be pumped from various sources to reservoir can be useful for reservoir operators in the context of climate change.

홍수조절용량 설정에 따른 증고저수지의 용수공급능력 변화

노재경,Noh, Jae-Kyoung 한국관개배수위원회 2010 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.17 No.2

This study was performed to analyze the affect of water supply capacity followed by allocating flood control volume in heightening reservoir, of which Baekgog reservoir was selected as a case study in here. Baekgog reservoir is located in Jincheon county, Chungbuk province, of which full water level will be heightened from EL. 100. 1m to EL. 102.1m, and total storage from 21.75M $m^3$ to 26.67M $m^3$. Flood inflow with 200year frequency was estimated to 997 $m^3$/s in peak flow and 22.54M $m^3$ in total volume. Reservoir flood routing was conducted to determine flood limited water levels, which was determined to have scenarios such as EL 97-98-99m in periods of 6.21.-7.20., 7.21.-8.20., and 8.21.-9.20., respectively, EL 97-97-97m, EL 98-98-98m in present reservoir, and EL 99-100-101m, EL 99-99-99m, and EL 100-100-100m in heightened reservoir. Reservoir inflow was simulated by DAWAST model. Annual paddy irrigation requirement was estimated to 33.19M $m^3$ to 2,975ha. Instream flow was allocated to 0.14mm/d from October to April. Operation rule curve was drawn using inflow, irrigation and instream flow requirements data. In case of withdrawal limit reservoir operation using operation rule curve, reduction rates of annual irrigation supply before and after flood control by reservoir were 2.0~4.3% in present size and 1.5~3.6% in heightened size. Reliability on water supply was decreased from 77.3% to 63.6~68.2% in present size and from 81.6% to 72.7~79.5% in heightened size. And reduction rates of water storage at the end of year before and after flood control by reservoir were 7.3~16.5% in present size and 7.7~16.9% in heightened size. But water supplies were done without any water deficiency through withdrawal limit reservoir operation in spite of low flood regulating water level.