Manufacture of microscale random pattern using indentation machining technology

Je-Ryung Lee,Seung Hwan Moon,Tae-Jin Je,Doo-Sun Choi,Hwi Kim,Eun-chae Jeon 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.7 No.6

The display industries recently demand new microscale dot-type patterns for thinner and brighter displays with high energy efficiency, which are randomly distributed with irregular separation distances and have uniform optical characteristics. We developed a new program to generate the coordinates of the controlled microscale random patterns considering their diameter and the distance to the nearest pattern for preventing overlap of each pattern. Then the microscale random patterns were machined on a metal mold using the indentation machining which is a simple and low-cost machining method. We decreased the total machining time by the optimization of machining order of the random patterns. The coordinates, the diameter and the fi ll-factor of the machined patterns by the indentation machining were much consistent to the designed values. The controlled microscale random patterns had uniform optical characteristics over all areas of the manufactured optical fi lm. Moreover, if optical films have the same diameters and fi ll-factor, they showed the same optical characteristics even they have totally different coordinates of random microscale patterns. This technology is expected to reduce the number of the optical films and the light sources in the display, which can save much energies.

절삭 깊이의 무작위 제어를 적용한 다이아몬드 선삭공정에서 소재회전 반경에 따른 미세패턴의 크기변화 분석 연구

정지영,한준세,최두선,제태진,Jeong, Ji-Young,Han, Jun-Se,Choi, Doo-Sun,Je, Tae-Jin 한국금형공학회 2020 한국금형공학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Ultra-high brightness and thin displays need to optical micro-patterns which can uniformly diffuse the lights and low loss. The micro random patterns have characteristics to rise the optical efficiency such as light extraction, uniform diffusion. For this reason, various fabrication processes are studied for random patterns. In this study, the micro random patterns were machined by diamond turning which used a controlled cutting tool path with random cutting depth. The machined patterns had random shape and directionality along the circumferential direction. The average width and length of machined random pattern according to rotation radius were 40.13㎛~55.51㎛ and 37.25㎛~59.49㎛, and these results were compared with the designed result. Also, the machining error according to rotation radius in diamond turning using randomly controlled cutting depth was discussed.

Experimental Exploitation of Random and Deterministic Data Patterns for Stringent DDR4 I/O Timing Margins

Kiseok Lee,Tan Li,Sanghyeon Baeg 대한전자공학회 2019 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.19 No.4

In this paper, I/O timing margins are experimentally measured by DQS groups, for a DDR4 RDIMM with 2133 Mbps data rate, to study the margin effects of the special combination and sequence of random and fault-based deterministic data patterns. The most effective 94 data patterns are newly developed after experimentally investigating three test patterns factors, which consist of test algorithms, address directions, and data patterns; the most influential factor was data patterns, which resulted in the average margin reduction of 15.2%. The maximum of 11.8% margin was reduced by the proposed 94 patterns (in comparison to 28-bit PRBS pattern), which was from both selected PRBS and fault-based deterministic data patterns.

서울지역에서의 강수패턴 분류모형

차상훈,이경은,김광섭 한국데이터정보과학회 2019 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.30 No.5

This study identified seasonal rainfall patterns in Seoul by using hourly precipitation of raining data, and we used hourly precipitation on the day before, average daily precipitaion, temperature, wind speed, humidity, and dew point to classify these patterns. Using k-medoids clustering, the seasonal precipitaion patterns were identified for the constructed data. As a result, there were 6 precipitation patterns in spring and summer, 5 precipitation patterns in autumn and 4 precipitation patterns in winter. To classify these patterns, we constructed a model to classify seasonal precipitation patterns into 4 methods : Linear Discriminant Analysis, Decision Tree, Bagging, and Random Forest, and verified by 5-fold cross-validation. As a result, in spring, summer, and autumn, the precipitation pattern classification rate was highest when applied by Random Forest, whereas in winter, the classification rate was highest when applied by Decision Tree. 본 연구는 강수 발생한 자료의 1시간당 강수량을 이용하여 서울지역의 계절별 강수패턴들을 파악하고, 이 패턴들을 분류하기 위하여 하루 전날의 1시간당 강수량, 1일 평균 강수량, 기온, 습도, 풍속, 이슬점온도를 활용하였다. 구축된 자료에 대하여 k-medoids 군집분석을 통해 봄과 여름에는 6가지, 가을에는 5가지, 그리고 겨울에는 4가지의 강수패턴들이 보였다. 이 패턴들을 분류하기 위해 4가지 방법인 선형 판별 분석, 의사결정나무, 배깅, 그리고 랜덤 포레스트로 계절별 강수 패턴들을 분류하는 모형을 구축하고 5-fold 교차검증으로 검증하였다. 그 결과 봄, 여름, 가을의 경우, 랜덤 포레스트의 방법으로 적용하였을 때 강수 패턴 정분류율이 가장 높은 반면, 겨울의 경우, 의사결정나무의 방법으로 적용했을 때 정분류율이 가장 높았다.

임의형 피부피판에 미치는 Chlorpromazine과 Nicotine의 영향에 대한 연구

김정철,이경호,홍정수,설정현,서동보 대한성형외과학회 1992 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.19 No.3

The concepts of random-pattern skin flaps and the reliability of its survival are important for those who use skin flap technique in plastic and reconstructive surgical fields. The effects and interrelationships of chlorpromazine and nicotine on random-pattern skin flaps were investigated in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats. This study was composed with 5 groups of chlorpromazine and nicotine administration. Chlorpromazine was adminstered after flap elevation during 14days as 0.6㎎ per 100gm of body weight and nicotine was administered 14 days before flap elevation and 14days after operation as low-dose method. The results were as follows. The experimental group studied with chlorpromazine revealed an increased rate of random-pattern skin flap survival compared with the control group which was treated with normal saline. The group studied with nicotine administration showed significant decrease of skin flap survival than that of the control group studied with normal saline. And the results were confirmed on the basis of light microscopic findings. There was no specific advantage in cessation of nicotine after long use compared with that of continuous use of it by statistical analysis. And the effect of nicotine was continued for 2weeks after cessation of it. Administration of chlorpromazine after elevation of skin flap in long-use nicotine group revealed an increased rate of skin flap survival. The results, suggested that administration of chlorpromazine can increase the survival of random-pattern skin flaps. And the use of nicotine can decrease the survival of random-pattern skin flaps which can be reversed by treatment with chlorpromazine. All these results were supported by light microscopic findings.

Acupuncture using pattern-identification for the treatment of insomnia disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Sang-Ho Kim,Jin-Hyung Jeong,임정화,김보경 한국한의학연구원 2019 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.8 No.3

Background: Insomnia symptoms are common, affecting almost 30% of the population of the population. Many use medications that may be ineffective and cause substantial harm. In complementary and alternative medicine, acupuncture is widely used to manage mental health problems. Acupuncture therapy emphasizes individualized treatment according to TCM pattern diagnosis. Although there are some systematic reviews that acupuncture has the benefit for insomnia, there is no systematic review on acupuncture using pattern identification. This review aimed for evaluating acupuncture efficacy using pattern-identification to treat insomnia. Methods: We carried out a comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials (from 2000 to April 12, 2018), using PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, and 3 Korean (OASIS, NDSL, RISS4U) databases, comparing acupuncture using pattern identification (only) with medication in primary insomnia. Response rate and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were the primary outcomes. Risk of bias and publication biases were evaluated, and meta-analyses were conducted. Results: Nineteen RCTs were included (11 manual acupuncture (1079 patients), 8 electro-acupuncture (442 patients)) of low quality. Meta-analyses of all studies reveled that acupuncture improved total effectiveness rate (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.23, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 1.12–1.35, p < 0.00001; I2 = 80%) and PSQI (MD = −1.92, 95% CI: −2.41–1.42, p < 0.00001; I2 = 30%) compared to medication. Results of overall risk of bias assessments were unclear or high. Conclusions: Acupuncture using pattern identification led to significantly improved total effectiveness rate compared to medication. With regard to PSQI, as compared to the control group, acupuncture using pattern identification was similar to medication. However, this study has limitations of high risk of bias, not using a standardized pattern-diagnosis-treatment and not comparing with standarized acupuncture without pattern identification.

보튤리눔 톡신-A가 백서의 임의 피판 생존율에 미치는 영향

김영석,이재수,유원민,탁관철 대한성형외과학회 2008 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.35 No.4

Purpose: Botulinum toxin type A(BoTA) can block the release of vasoconstriction cotransmitters as well as acetylcholine in nerve terminal. The authors observed that BoTA increases flap survival by preventing sympathetic collapse of peripheral vessels. Methods: 10 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control(n=5), and BoTA group(n=5). 3×10cm sized random pattern cutaneous flaps were elevated on the dorsal side in both groups. In BoTA group, BoTA was injected into the flap via intradermal to subdermal route, 7 days before the flap elevation. Flap survival rates (survival area/total area) were measured 7 days after the elevation. Cutaneous blood flow was measured in proximal, middle and distal compartments of the flap using laser Doppler flowmetry initially, preoperatively, at immediate postoperation, and 7 days after flap elevation, respectively. Histological examination was performed 7 days after the flap elevation. The number and shape of the vessels were evaluated under microscope. Received February 27, 2008 Revised March 25, 2008 Accepted April 18, 2008 Address Correspondence: Won Min Yoo, M.D., Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Youngdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 146-92 Dogok-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea. Tel: 02) 2019-3420/Fax: 02)3463-4914/E-mail: wnmnyoo@yuhs.ac *본 연구는 연세대학교 의과대학 2005년도 교수연구비에 의하여 이루어졌음. (과제번호: 6-2005-0038) Results: Mean flap survival was 53.18±6.58% in control group and 93.79±6.06% in BoTA group, displaying statistically significant difference(p=0.0008, p< 0.05). In the control group, blood flow to the middle and distal compartments of the flap decreased significantly immediately after flap elevation. In the BoTA group, blood flow to the middle compartment did not decrease(p=0.002) and slightly decreased in the distal compartment(p=0.001). Cutaneous blood flow was significantly higher in all compartments of the flap in BoTA group than in control group, 7 days after the flap elevation. In histopathologic examination, greater number of vessels were noted in the BoTA group than in the control group. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin A can increase the survival of the random pattern cutaneous flap in rats by preventing the sympathetic collapse of peripheral vessels.

균일 밝기 랜덤 도트 어레이 생성을 위한 이진 회절광학소자(DOE) 설계 및 제작

이수연,이준호,김영광,이혁교,이문섭 한국광학회 2022 한국광학회지 Vol.33 No.6

In this paper, we report the design and fabrication of binary diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for random-dot-pattern projection for Schlieren imaging. We selected the binary phase level and a pitch of 10 μm for the DOE, based on cost effectiveness and ease of manufacture. We designedthe binary DOE using an iterative Fourier-transform algorithm (IFTA) with binary phase optimization. During initial optimization, we applied a computer-generated pseudorandom dot pattern of uniform intensity as a target pattern, and found significant intensity nonuniformity across thefield. Based on the evaluation of the initial optimization, we weighted the target random dot pattern with Gaussian profiles to improve the intensity uniformity, resulting in the improvement of uniformity from 52.7% to 90.8%. We verified the design performance by fabricating the designed binary DOE and a beam projector, to which the same was applied. The verification confirmed that the projector produced over 10,000 random dot patterns over 430 mm × 430 mm at a distance of 5 meters, as designed, but was slightly less uniform, at 84.5%. The fabrication errors of the DOE, mainly edge blurring and spacing errors, were strong possibilities for the difference.

한열변증을 통한 열증 대상자에 산양삼과 재배인삼의 상부 승열 작용에 대한 인체적용시험

유수정,고성권,김형준,Yoo, Su-Jeong,Ko, Sung-Kwon,Kim, Hyeong-Jun 대한한방부인과학회 2017 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

Objectives: The aim of this trial is to investigate the effect of Ginseng and Wild Cultivated Ginseng to Heat pattern subject. Methods: Eighty-nine Subjects were diagnosed as heat pattern by Cold-Heat Patternization and divided into Ginseng group (n=30), Wild Cultivated Ginseng group (n=31) and Placebo group (n=28) in their 1 st visit. In each visit, The researchers measured the subject's facial temperature using the infrared thermometer (Testo 835-T1). After that, The subjects were asked to mark the current score of flushing on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and to complete the Chalder-Fatigue Scale (CFS) in each visit. The subjects took the test drug for one week and returned the remaining drug on the 2nd visit. The trial result was analyzed with one-way ANOVA using SPSS for Windows version 18. Results: 1. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the Ginseng group and Wild Cultivated Ginseng group than in the control group (p=0.021). 2. There was no significant difference in facial temperature between each groups. 3. The current score of flushing showed the greatest decrease in the Ginseng group compared to the other groups but there was no significant difference (p=0.205). 4. The score of Chalder-Fatigue Scale was decreased in all groups but not statistically significant (p=0.180). Conclusions: This study showed that taking Ginseng extract and Wild Cultivated Ginseng extract do not affect to heat-rising reaction to the subjects diagnosed as heat pattern.

Invisible and Cost-Effective Sensors with a Network Robot for an IoT House for Tourists

Mimori Kamiyama,Hirokazu Madokoro,Kazuhisa Nakasho,Nobuhiro Shimoi,Hanwool Woo,Kazuhito Sato 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

This paper presents a novel application of our previously developed sensor system to recognition of behavior patterns using a network robot and cost-effective invisible sensors. We set up the system at an actual house as a concept of an internet of things (IoT) house for tourists. We obtained 14 person-day benchmark datasets from ten people in their 20s. For constructing benchmark datasets, they recorded event times of seven patterns: getting up, sleeping, going out, coming home, emergency calls, opening or closing of a refrigerator, and the use of a TV remote control. As ground truth labels for cross-validation-based evaluation, we integrated them into three patterns: going out, staying at home, and sleeping on the bed. The experimentally obtained results revealed that the mean recognition accuracies with random forests were 99.60 %, 99.30 %, and 98.54 % for the respective three datasets.