Development and Evaluation of Protective Clothing for Rose Farmers

( Hyeseon Chae ),( Sungchul Kim ),( Youngsoon Oh ),( Kyungsook Lee ),( Hyocher Kim ),( Soonjee Park ) 한국의류학회 2016 한국의류학회지 Vol.40 No.3

Protective clothing developed for rose flower farmers has been evaluated to improve the working conditions. The requirements of rose farmers were first identified to design protective clothing for farmers working with thorny plants. A fit test was conducted to assess the thermal comfort and protective function against thorn pricking to compare and evaluate the usability of developed experimental clothing with existing working clothes. Based on the survey results of rose farmers`` requirements, protective clothing was designed in the form of an apron (which was the most preferred after gloves) with a pattern designed for the production of experimental clothing. For the developed protective clothing, the strap and buckle closure method was selected to open the back of the body as much as possible; in addition, sleeves were made in the attachable form of a half-sleeve to protect the arms from the thorns. The fit test of the developed protective clothing and existing working clothes revealed the temperature and humidity inside the developed protective clothing to be significantly different in the back compared to existing work clothes. In addition to thermal sensations, the subjective humidity sensations were statistically significant different in the developed protective clothing compared to existing work clothes. The subjective protective function for thorn pricking was also found to be satisfactory.

3차원 가상착의를 활용한 방호복 평가

이옥경,이희란 한국염색가공학회 2023 韓國染色加工學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of D level protective clothing, improve their ease of movement by modifying the patterns, and validate the effectiveness of the improvements through 3D virtual fitting and subjective wearing evaluations. Based on previous studies that identified numerous complaints, the patterns of the neck, armpit, and waist areas were modified, resulting in the development of new patterns. To compare and analyze the improved protective clothing with the basic protective clothing, stress and strain were examined after 3D virtual fitting. Additionally, to assess the clothing`s allowance, the overall distance between the avatar and the protective clothing, as well as the sectional circumference length and distance of each avatar body part, were measured. Furthermore, the improved protective clothing was manufactured, and a subjective wearing evaluation was conducted with ten males in their twenties as participants. The results showed that the improved protective clothing had evenly distributed stress, larger sectional circumference, and lower average cavity distance. The subjective wearing evaluation also revealed that the suit with improved patterns exhibited superior size suitability, reduced pulling sensation in different body parts, and increased ease of movement. In conclusion, this study confirmed that even minimal pattern modifications can enhance the functionality of protective clothing, alleviating discomfort for wearers.

낙상충격보호복 개발을 위한 선호도 조사에 관한 연구 -50~70대 여성을 대상으로-

박정현 ( Jung Hyun Park ),이정란 ( Jeong Ran Lee ) 한국의류산업학회 2014 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.16 No.1

In this study, we investigate characteristics of fall, requirements toward the impact protective clothing, design preferences, etc. to develop the fall impact protective clothing for the silver-aged women. Among the 242 women respondents aging 50s to 70s, 43% experienced the fall in recent 2 years. It is found that the fall mostly occurred in winter season and happened during the regular activities such as walking outside, going up and down stairs. Most of the respondents have no experience buying the impact protective clothing, but they expressed the fall impact protective clothing would help reducing the injury from falls. Moreover, the intention to purchase the impact protective clothing is increasing with an increasing target age. However, the respondents concerned with increasing volume and weight of clothing by the protecting pad inserted into the clothing. The respondents also claimed that the impact protecting clothing should not interfere with their regular physical activities. The survey showed that respondents preferred to embed the impact protective function in pants as a form of the protective clothing. For the design preferences on the pants, casual style and straight silhouette was preferred and stretch fabric was selected. The respondents preferred underwear made of cotton spandex blend with relaxed fit.

용접 보호복용 직물의 열과 수분 전달특성

하정은,전연희,안승국,Ha, Jung-Eun,Jeon, Youn-Hee,An, Seung-Kook 한국섬유공학회 2009 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.46 No.2

This study shows the thermal and moisture transfer properties of fabrics used in protective clothing for welders. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of several fabrics used in protective clothing for welders by transfer test. The moisture transfer was affected by density and thickness of the materials. To improve emissions of water vapor, materials of lower density are suited for protective clothing. The air permeability was affected by coating agents. Silica coating has no effect on permeability of sample. On the other hand, aluminum coating has a bad influence on permeability. To improve air permeability, aluminum coated materials are not suited for protective clothing. Thermal characteristics of the materials were affected by density of the materials. Coated samples have high values of $Q_{max}$. $Q_{max}$ is warmth and coolness at instantaneous contact sense. If $Q_{max}$ shows high values, people feel cool skin sensation. The space of water and air makes the sample to have low values of heat transfer. To improve the effect of insulation, felt materials are suited for protective clothing. Felt materials are good heat blocker due to their high air contents.

보호복 관련 국내,외 표준에 대한 탐색적 조사 -ISO, ASTM, CEN, KS를 중심으로-

한설아 ( Sul Ah Han ),남윤자 ( Yun Ja Nam ) 한국의류산업학회 2008 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.10 No.1

When designing protective clothing, there are something to be considered such as physiological feature human body, acting range not to restrict physical activity and effectiveness of material. Because the primary objective of protective clothing is to protect human body from danger and it is designed through complex designing proess not likely general clothing design. However, current evaluation techniques-such as the ISO, the ASTM and the CEN, and KS- provide only the standard to evaluate the primary feature of material (testing, performance requirements, material specification, selection and application, test and care, and so on). There are no standard to evaluate influence for the human body while protective clothing put on. Especially, in Korea, there is KS to evaluate protective clothing, but it is partially translated version from ISO because of lack of core technology about this field. However, developed countries recognize it is new competitive means in the time of Global Standards and they are competing to make their own standard to global standard for the protective clothing. Therefore, it can be great opportunity for Korean clothing and textile industry to revitalize if focusing on research and development for protective clothing design based on physical activity of human body, fit evaluation technique and sizing which is currently no global standard for it and developing our standard to global standard.

Transactions : The Effect of Spacer on Microclimate and Comfort Sensation in Protective Clothing for Firefighters

( Gi Soo Chung ),( Dae Hoon Lee ) 한국의류산업학회 2002 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.4 No.6

Protective clothing for firefighters typically consists of a flame resistant outer shell and inner layers. The inner layers are generally composed of a moisture barrier and a thermal barrier. On performing the task in fire place the heat and perspiration generated from the body become trapped inside the protective clothing. Those heat and moisture result into heat-stress and physical fatigue of firefighter, which hinder the work. Therefore, the system of clothing designs and material layers must be chosen carefully to balance protection and comfort. 3 kinds of protective clothing of 3 layer structure were used in the experiment of physiological comfort. From the comparison of wear trials with the 3 kinds of layers in firefighters clothing, it indicates that the moisture dissipation of A+B2+C was highest, following A+B1+C and A+B3+C. And the heat dissipation of A+B1+C and A+B2+C were better than A+B3+C. In the protective clothing with A+B3+C, heat and perspiration generated through exercise remained in clothing system long and caused discomfort.

Change in Clothing Microclimate based on Opening/Closing of Ventilation Zippers in CBR Protective Clothing

( Okkyung Lee ),( Rani Eom ),( Yejin Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2021 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2021 No.-

The aim of this study is to establish basic data for the development of a new CBR protective clothing by selecting the position of the zipper to improve thermal comfort, analyzing changes in temperature and relative humidity of the body and clothing depending on whether the zipper is opened or closed. 8 men in their 20s who had experience wearing CBR protective clothing were subjected to experiment for 45 minutes (preparation: 15 min. - entering climate chamber - rest: 5 min. - running: 15 min. - ventilation zipper is opened or closed - rest: 5 min.). The temperature and humidity were measured at 3 points and data were analyzed on the skin surface, and between the combat uniform and CBR protective clothing. As a result, when the ventilation zipper was opened after the treadmil exercise, the skin temperature and clothing microclimate temperature, which had increased during the exercise, decreased in the chest and shoulder blade regions and the humidity decreased by in the chest region. Therefore, a zipper that allows the exchange of heat and moisture accumulated while wearing the CBR protective clothing with the external environment is essential, particularly at the top.

Change in Clothing Microclimate based on Opening/Closing of Ventilation Zippers in CBR Protective Clothing

( Okkyung Lee ),( Rani Eom ),( Yejin Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2021 추계학술대회 Vol.2021 No.0

The aim of this study is to establish basic data for the development of a new CBR protective clothing by selecting the position of the zipper to improve thermal comfort, analyzing changes in temperature and relative humidity of the body and clothing depending on whether the zipper is opened or closed. 8 men in their 20s who had experience wearing CBR protective clothing were subjected to experiment for 45 minutes (preparation: 15 min. - entering climate chamber - rest: 5 min. - running: 15 min. - ventilation zipper is opened or closed - rest: 5 min.). The temperature and humidity were measured at 3 points and data were analyzed on the skin surface, and between the combat uniform and CBR protective clothing. As a result, when the ventilation zipper was opened after the treadmil exercise, the skin temperature and clothing microclimate temperature, which had increased during the exercise, decreased in the chest and shoulder blade regions and the humidity decreased by in the chest region. Therefore, a zipper that allows the exchange of heat and moisture accumulated while wearing the CBR protective clothing with the external environment is essential, particularly at the top.

국내·외 화학 보호복 및 특수 방화복 소재 적용에 관한 연구

박평규,남동군 한국위험물학회 2022 한국위험물학회지 Vol.10 No.2

In this study, turnout gear and chemical protective clothing are intended to protect the wearer from various hazards and poor environmental conditions that may cause harm or death. There are various fabric of protective clothing, the potential of Polyimide(PI) performance fabric relevant to personal protective clothing for firefighters. The PI turnout gear showed performance comparable to that the PBI turnout gear. It is judged that the current and future materials for turnout gear for firefighters are insufficient at internal and external, and further materials should be developed. The government needs a lot of research because protective clothing is needed for about 55,000 firefighters in Korea. There is an urgent need to upgrade personal protective equipment for firefighters. It was found that PI fabric can be applied in terms of physical properties such as flame/heat resistance of turnout gear and chemical protective clothing.

대류와 복사 열원에 대한 특수방화복의 열보호 성능시험 비교

김해형,유승준,박평규,김영수,홍승태 한국화재소방학회 2017 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.31 No.2

The test methods using convection (flame) and radiation heat sources were compared to evaluate the thermal protectiveperformance of the firefighter’s protective clothing. In particular, the influence of the outer shell, mid-layer, and liningconstituting the firefighter’s protective clothing on the thermal protective performance was compared for convection andradiation heat sources. Tests for the thermal protective performance were carried out according to KS K ISO 9151(convection), KS K ISO 6942 (radiation), and KS K ISO 17492 (convection and radiation). When tested under the sameincident heat flux conditions (80 kW/m2), the heat transfer index (t12 and t24) for the radiation heat source was higher thanthat for the convection heat source. This means that radiation has a lesser effect than convection. For the convection heatsource, the lining had the greatest effect on the thermal protective performance, followed by the mid-layer and the outer shell. On the other hand, for the radiation heat source, the effect on the thermal protective performance was great in the order oflining, outer shell, and mid-layer. Convection and radiation have fundamentally different mechanisms of heat transfer, anddifferent heat sources can lead to different thermal protective performance results depending on the material composition. Therefore, to evaluate the thermal protective performance of the firefighter’s protective clothing, it is important to test not onlythe convection heat source, but also the radiation heat source. 소방용 특수방화복의 열보호 성능 평가를 위해 대류와 복사 열원을 이용한 시험방법을 비교하였다. 특히 특수방화복을 구성하는 겉감, 중간층, 안감이 각각 열보호 성능에 미치는 영향을 대류와 복사 열원에 대해 비교하였다. 대류 열원에 대한 열보호 성능시험은 KS K ISO 9151, 복사 열원에 대한 시험은 KS K ISO 6942 그리고 대류와 복사열원을 함께 사용하는 시험은 KS K ISO 17492의 방법에 따라 수행하였다. 같은 입사 열유속 조건(80 kW/m2)에서시험했을 때 대류 열원에 비해 복사 열원에 대한 열전달지수(t12, t24) 값이 보다 크게 나왔다. 이는 대류에 비해 복사에 의한 영향이 느리게 나타났음을 의미한다. 대류 열원에 대해서는 안감이 열보호 성능에 가장 크게 영향을 미쳤고이어서 중간층, 겉감 순서였다. 그러나 복사 열원에 대해서는 안감, 겉감, 중간층 순서로 열보호 성능에 미치는 영향이 컸다. 대류와 복사는 열전달 메카니즘이 근본적으로 다르며, 열원이 달라지면 재질 구성에 따라 열보호 성능 결과가 다르게 나올 수 있다. 따라서 특수방화복의 열보호 성능을 평가하기 위해서는 대류 열원 뿐만 아니라 복사 열원에대한 시험도 중요함을 확인하였다.