Predictors of Dyslexia for Korean-English Bilinguals in the U.S.: A Literature Review

Jaran Shin 고려대학교 언어정보연구소 2013 언어정보 Vol.16 No.-

Identifying bilingual children’s dyslexia can be challenging because teasing apart their L2 reading developmental progress from signals of dyslexia is not easy. Although Koreans rank as one of the largest immigrant groups in the U.S. and a greater number of Korean children has recently flowed into the country, only a handful of studies have examined Korean children’s English reading profiles and L2 dyslexic patterns. Thus, this paper reviews the literature on predictors of dyslexia for Korean-English bilingual children by discussing the characteristics of Korean and English, examining predictors of dyslexia in monolingual Korean and English speakers, and comparing and contrasting those predictors. This piece will help to: (a) understand potential challenges that Korean children learning English may face, (b) suggest more reliable ways to assess their reading performance and diagnose their dyslexia in L2 (i.e. English), and (c) envision ways to support them at the societal level.

Cognitive-Communicative Predictors of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mi Sook Lee 한국청각언어재활학회 2020 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.16 No.4

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the preclinical stage and sign of dementia. It is also important for guidance in the prevention and intervention of neurological disease. The purpose of this study was to review literatures on cognitive/communicative and other predictors of MCI patients systematically, and to propose the evidence-based data including effect sizes of them using a meta-analysis method. Fifty-seven researches published since 2010, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were entered into the analysis. They were analyzed in a methodological and content level, and the effect sizes were calculated by 3 predictors. Predictive values were pooled from cognitive (10 domains), communicative (9 domains), and other (3 domains). The main findings were as follows. Firstly, the general target population for studies was older adults over the age of 55, and most studies included at least 2 types of predictors. Secondly, average effect sizes of 3 predictors in MCI were all significant. Thirdly, cognitive predictors like memory and general cognition had significant and high-level effect sizes. Fourthly, communicative predictors including comprehension and word fluency had moderate-level effect sizes significantly. Lastly, all demographic and neuropsychological (age, education, depression) predictors had significant and moderate-level effect sizes. Our results provide the evidence-based information to predict MCI. Especially, specific cognitive and communicative predictors may contribute to increase the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in MCI. This study is also expected to present clinically available data and increase the effect in intervention for MCI.

Clinical Predictors of High Posttreatment Platelet Reactivity to Clopidogrel in Koreans

Park, Kyung Woo,Park, Jin Joo,Jeon, Ki‐,Hyun,Kang, Si‐,Hyuk,Oh, Il‐,Young,Yang, Han‐,Mo,Cho, Hyun‐,Jai,Lee, Hae‐,Young,Kang, Hyun‐,Jae,Koo, Bon‐,Kwon,Oh Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPEUTICS Vol.30 No.1

<P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P><B>Introduction:</B> High posttreatment platelet reactivity to clopidogrel (HPPR) is associated with major adverse cardiac events. However, the clinical predictors of HPPR in Asians have not been studied previously.</P><P><B>Aims:</B> We sought to determine clinical predictors of HPPR in Koreans.</P><P><B>Results:</B> We measured platelet reactivity with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay in 1431 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. We used the cut‐off value of greater than 275 P2Y12 Reaction Unit (PRU) to define patients with HPPR. The clinical characteristics were compared between patients with HPPR (36.3%) and those without HPPR (63.7%).</P><P>The mean age (65.4 ± 9.1 vs. 62.2 ± 9.7 years) was higher, hypertension (68.5% vs. 62.0%), diabetes mellitus (35.4% vs. 28.5%), chronic kidney disease (36.3% vs. 22.5%), renal replacement treatment (1.2% vs. 0.2%), and congestive heart failure (1.3% vs. 0.3%) were more common among patients with HPPR, while male gender (72.6% vs. 54.8%) and smoking (19.9% vs. 13.1%) were more common among non‐HPPR patients. Mean glomerular filtration rate (63.5 ± 18.6 vs. 69.7 ± 16.1 mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>3</SUP>) was lower and C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) (6.6 ± 20.5 mg/L vs. 4.2 ± 12.1 mg/L) level was higher among those with HPPR. Independent predictors of HPPR were female gender (OR 1.90, <I>P</I>≤ 0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.51, 0 = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.35, <I>P</I>= 0.024), hs‐CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/L (OR 1.31, <I>P</I>= 0.005), and age increase in decades (OR 1.21, <I>P</I>= 0.002), while smoking was negative risk factor (OR 0.63, <I>P</I>= 0.015). The number of risk factors was linearly associated with the risk of HPPR, with most patients having one or two predictors.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B> In Korean population, independent clinical predictors of HPPR included diabetes mellitus, increased age, female gender, chronic kidney disease, and hs‐CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/L, while cigarette smoking was associated with better responsiveness. Mean platelet reactivity and HPPR prevalence steadily increased with the number of clinical predictors.</P>

TALIS 2018 자료를 활용한 교사의 교수역량에 대한 예측 요인 탐색: 초등학교와 중학교 교사 간 비교를 중심으로

백순근,남나라,조시정,양혜원,김연경 한국교육개발원 2020 한국교육 Vol.47 No.3

Purpose: This research aims to compare and analyze significant predictors for teaching competencies of elementary and middle school teachers in South Korea. Design/methodology/data/approach: Responses from 5,290 Korean teachers (2,739 elementary school teachers, 2,551 middle school teachers) of the TALIS 2018 data were analyzed using random forest techniques, and the top 30 most important factors were extracted for each school level. Findings/Results: As a result, significant variables that had already been revealed through prior researches were included in the list of most important predictors. Moreover, other variables including ‘teaching and working hours' were newly emerged, and differences between the two school levels were revealed. Based on these results, policy suggestions for enhancing teachers’ teaching competencies for elementary and middle school teachers were presented. Value: This study not only revealed the differences between predictors for teaching competencies between two school levels, but also newly discovered important predictors that had rarely been mentioned in prior research. 이 연구는 우리나라 초등학교와 중학교 교사의 교수역량에 대한 중요 예측 요인을 종합적으로 비교·분석한 것이다. 이를 위해 OECD가 주관하는 TALIS 2018 자료 중 우리나라 초등학교 교사 2,739명과 중학교 교사 2,551명, 총 5,290명의 응답 자료를 랜덤 포레스트 기법 등을 활용하여 분석하였으며, 각 학교급별 교사의 교수역량을 예측하는 중요도 상위 30개 요인들을 추출하여 비교·분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교사의 자기 효능감이나 교직관련 경험 등 선행연구를 통해 밝혀진 주요 요인들이 대부분 각 학교급별 교사의 교수역량을 예측하는 중요 요인으로 포함되었다. 아울러, ‘수업 및 업무 시간’ 등이 중요 예측 요인으로 새롭게 부각되었고, 교사의 교수역량에 대한 중요 예측 요인 간 각 학교급별 공통점과 차이점이 드러났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교사의 교수역량 신장을 위해 각 학교급별 및 담당교과별 맞춤형 교육프로그램을 체계적으로 개발·운영해야 할 것을 포함한 정책적 제언을 제안하였다.

연령집단에 따른 노인의 허약(Frailty) 예측요인 분석

조성은 ( Cho Sung Eun ),최은영 ( Choi Eun Young ),오영삼 ( Oh Young Sam ),김영선 ( Kim Young Sun ),김성복 ( Kim Seong Bok ) 한국보건사회연구원 2017 保健社會硏究 Vol.37 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 연령집단에 따른 허약의 예측요인을 분석하는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 위해 2014년 노인실태조사를 사용하여 총 4,123명을 분석의 대상으로 설정하였다. 허약을 예측하는데 있어 연령의 중요성을 고려하여, 본 연구는 대상자를 75세 이상 85세 미만의 중 고령노인집단(n=3,373명)과 85세 이상의 초 고령노인집단(n=750명)으로 분류하여 연구모형을 검증하였다. 중 고령노인집단에서 전 허약노인과 허약노인은 각각 1453명(약 43%), 1,268명(약 37%)으로 나타났으며, 초 고령노인 집단에서 전 허약과 허약노인은 304명(약 40%), 396명(약 52%)으로 나타났다. 회귀분석의 결과 건강단계에서 허약전 단계로 진입하는 예측요인은 중 고령노인집단에서는 여성, 낮은 교육수준, 많은 만성질환, 낙상 유경험자, 높은 우울, 낮은 인지기능이 허약 전 단계를 예측하는 유의한 변인으로 밝혀졌으며 초 고령노인집단은 여성, 높은 우울, 낮은 사회활동이 유의한 예측요인으로 밝혀졌다. 허약 전 단계에서 허약 단계로의 진입을 예측하는 요인으로는 중 고령노인집단은 여성, 높은 연령, 미취업, 많은 만성질환, 낙상 유경험자, 높은 우울, 낮은 인지기능이 유의한 변인이었으며, 초 고령노인 집단은 높은 연령, 많은 만성질환, 높은 우울, 낮은 인지기능이 유의한 예측요인으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 연령의 세분화와 다각적인 요인의 접근으로 허약의 예측요인을 밝히고자 하였다. 연구를 통해 밝혀진 예측요인은 추후 허약에 대한 다각적 연구의 기초자료로서 활용되리라 기대한다. This study aims to investigate the predictors of frailty in different age groups. To address this purpose, this study used the 2014 Survey of the Living Conditions of the Elderly (SLCE). In the research model, 4,123 older adults aged 75 and older were included from the SLCE. All participants were subdivided into two age groups based on their age; the young old group (75-85) and the old-old group (85+). The young old group consisted of 1,453 (43%) pre-frail older adults and 1,268 (37%) frail older adults; the old-old group consisted of 304 (40%) pre-frail older adults and 396 (52%) frail older adults. Our regression analysis showed that in the young-old, being female, lower levels of education, having more chronic diseases, having fall experience, higher depression, lower cognitive functioning significantly predicted transition to pre-frailty from non-frail status. In the old-old, being female, higher depression, lower level of social activity were significant predictors. On the other hand, predictors of transition to frailty from pre-frail status in the young-old were being female, higher age, being unemployed, having more chronic diseases, having fall experience, higher depression, lower cognitive functioning. In the old-old, predictors of transition to frailty from pre-frail status were only higher age, having more chronic disease, higher depression, and lower cognitive functioning. The research findings can be used as a reference point in the making of strategies for preventing frailty.

가정 내 영유아학대사례의 예측변인에 대한 연구: 학령기 아동학대사례에 대한 이해를 병행하여

강지영,장화정,김경희,김미경 한국아동권리학회 2017 아동과 권리 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristics of young children (0~5 years old) reported to child protection agencies in Korea and the predictors of child maltreatment. An analysis on school-age children (6~17 years old) was also conducted to identify the unique characteristics of maltreatment among young children. Among the children reported to the child protection agencies from 2012 to September 2014, 3,845 infants and 10,584 school-age children were included in the sample and utilized for descriptive analysis, group difference tests, and logistic regression. For young children, the various characteristics of caregivers were significant predictors of substantiated child maltreatment in addition to the severity and evidence of child maltreatment as well as the recurrence of suspected maltreatment. Especially, caregivers’ childhood maltreatment experiences, lack of knowledge and skills in child care, stress, alcohol abuse, and younger age were important predictors. Based on the results of this study, early intervention efforts are needed when the risk factors of child maltreatment among young children are identified by both professionals and non-professionals interacting with the children. 본 연구는 아동보호전문기관에 신고된 영유아학대사례의 아동, 행위자, 가족, 사례특성을 살펴보고 영유아학대로 판단된 사례의 예측변인을 밝히고자 하였다. 영유아학대 사례의 고유한 특성을 보다 명확히 이해하고자 학령기 아동학대사례의 특성과 예측변인에 대한 분석을 병행하였다. 2012년부터 2014년 9월까지 아동보호전문기관에 신고된 영유아 3,845명, 학령기아동 10,584명을 대상으로 기술통계 및 사례유형별 차이 검증과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 영유아학대의 경우 학령기 아동학대사례에 비해 아동학대 심각성, 학대에 대한 증거, 재발생 가능성 외에 보다 다양한 행위자특성이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 행위자 특성에서 어릴 적 학대경험, 양육지식 및 기술부족, 스트레스, 알콜 남용 등이 유의한 예측변인으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 가정 내 영유아학대 예방을 위해 영유아 및 행위자 관련 위험요인이 발견될 경우 이에 대한 조기개입 및 전문가들을 통한 자원연계가 필요함을 논의하였다.

Predictors of Dyslexia for Korean-English Bilinguals in the U.S.: A Literature Review

신자란 고려대학교 언어정보연구소 2013 언어정보 Vol.0 No.16

Identifying bilingual children’s dyslexia can be challenging because teasing apart their L2 reading developmental progress from signals of dyslexia is not easy. Although Koreans rank as one of the largest immigrant groups in the U.S. and a greater number of Korean children has recently flowed into the country, only a handful of studies have examined Korean children’s English reading profiles and L2 dyslexic patterns. Thus, this paper reviews the literature on predictors of dyslexia for Korean-English bilingual children by discussing the characteristics of Korean and English, examining predictors of dyslexia in monolingual Korean and English speakers, and comparing and contrasting those predictors. This piece will help to: (a) understand potential challenges that Korean children learning English may face, (b)suggest more reliable ways to assess their reading performance and diagnose their dyslexia in L2 (i.e. English), and (c) envision ways to support them at the societal level.

Predictors of midpalatal suture expansion by miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion in young adults: A preliminary study

Hyerin Shin,Chung-Ju Hwang,Kee-Joon Lee,Yoon Jeong Choi,Sang-Sun Han,Hyung Seog Yu 대한치과교정학회 2019 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.49 No.6

Objective: We sought to determine the predictors of midpalatal suture expansion by miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in young adults. Methods: The following variables were selected as possible predictors: chronological age, palate length and depth, midpalatal suture maturation (MPSM) stage, midpalatal suture density (MPSD) ratio, the sella-nasion (SN)- mandibular plane (MP) angle as an indicator of the vertical skeletal pattern, and the point A-nasion-point B (ANB) angle for anteroposterior skeletal classification. For 31 patients (mean age, 22.52 years) who underwent MARPE treatment, palate length and depth, MPSM stage and MPSD ratio from the initial cone-beam computed tomography images, and the SN-MP angle and ANB angle from lateral cephalograms were assessed. The midpalatal suture opening ratio was calculated from the midpalatal suture opening width measured in periapical radiographs and the MARPE screw expansion. Statistical analyses of correlations were performed for the entire patient group of 31 subjects and subgroups categorized by sex, vertical skeletal pattern, and anteroposterior skeletal classification. Results: In the entire patient group, the midpalatal suture opening ratio showed statistically significant negative correlations with age, palate length, and MPSM stage (r = –0.506, –0.494, and –0.746, respectively, all p < 0.01). In subgroup analyses, a strong negative correlation was observed with the palate depth in the skeletal Class II subgroup (r = –0.900, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that age, palate length, and MPSM stage can be predictors of midpalatal suture expansion by MARPE in young adults.

독사 교상 환자의 응급실 초기 검사에 따른 예후 예측 인자

백인엽,최우익,김태권,진상찬 대한임상독성학회 2017 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify predictors of serious poisoning in patients with snake bite based on initial findings. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with snake bite who were treated at the emergency department between January 2010 and December 2016. The patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of symptoms based on the traditional snakebite severity grading scale. The mild poisoning group (MP) was classified as those who had a grade I snakebite severity during the hospital stay, and the severe poisoning group (SP) was classified as patients who had grade I at the time of admission, but progressed to grade II-IV during hospitalization. Initial clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of the two groups were compared. Results: Bite to hospital time intervals of SP were longer than those of MP (p=0.034), and the local effect score (LES) was higher in SP (p<0.001). Laboratory analyses revealed that creatine phosphokinase (p=0.044), creatine phosphokinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB, p=0.011) and serum amylase (p=0.008) were significantly higher in SP. LES, CK-MB and serum amylase were significant prognostic predictors as indicated by univariate logistic regression analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed the following two significant predictors: LES (odds ratio=3.983, p<0.001) and serum amylase (odds ratio=1.020, p=0.017). Conclusion: In managing cases of snake bites, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings must be carefully evaluated. LES and serum amylase are predictive factors for severe poisoning, which is especially important to rapid determination of the intensive care of the patient.

일 노인요양시설 치매 환자의 사망률과 예측인자

이상걸(Sang Keol Lee),김대희(Dae Hee Kim),서국희(Guk-Hee Suh) 대한노인정신의학회 2009 노인정신의학 Vol.13 No.1

Objectives : To investigate mortality rates and predictors of mortality in dementia patients (prevalence cohort) resident at institution. Methods : We followed up a dementia cohort for 5 years. A total of 273 subjects with dementia were longitudinally assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months and then checked whether alive or dead every 1 year for 5 years. Their mortality was compared with sociodemographic and clinical variables using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and independent sample t-test. Survival time quartiles were used to describe the time until when 25%, 50%, and 75% of patients died. Kaplan Meier log-rank tests were used for testing the equality of survival among groups when identifying some disruptive agitated behaviors as mortality predictors. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by the Cox regression analysis. Results : In this study, overall 5-year mortality rate was 63.0% (12.6% per year). Median survival after baseline evaluation was 2.85 years, whereas median survival after institutionalization was 6.42 years. Log-rank tests revealed that some disruptive behaviors (i.e., Cagras syndrome, screaming, trying to get to a different place, intentional falling) were significantly higher in the deceased group. Mortality in subjects with dementia depended on old age {over 85, relative risk (RR) : 1.04;95% confidence interval (CI) : 1.02-1.06}, male gender (RR : 2.04;CI : 1.28-3.25), lower MMSE-K score (RR : 1.03;CI : 1.00-1.06). Conclusion : We expect that this study may provide basic health information for health policy making in institutional care approaches in Korea.