장애인의 건강관심도, 건강실천행위 그리고 건강수준간의 구조분석

천병렬,감신,예민해,강윤식,김건엽,손재희,이영숙,박기수,Chun, Byung-Yeol,Kam, Sin,Yeh, Min-Hae,Kang, Yun-Sik,Kim, Keon-Yeop,Son, Jae-Hee,Lee, Young-Suk,Park, Ki-Soo 대한예방의학회 1999 예방의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the relationships among health concern, health practice and health status of the disabled. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for 1,662 disabled persons in Taegu city from April to July, 1997. Results: Health concern had a significant and positive relationship with health practice(p<0.05) and health practice also had a significant and positive relationship with self-rated health status(p<0.05) in men and women. To determine the structural model of the Health concern, health practice, health status and sociodemographic variables, the covariance structural analysis was used. In men, age, economic status, medical security type, educational level and type of disability had significant direct effects on Health concern(T>2.0). Educational level and type of disability had significant direct effects on health practice(T>2.0). And Economic status, medical security type and job status had significant direct effects on health status(T>2.0). In women, economic status and educational level had significant direct effects on Health concern(T>2.0). However there was no variable which had a significant direct effect on health practice. Job status had a significant direct effect or health status(T>2.0). In men and women, health practice was significantly increased with increasing health concern and the more health practice, the higher health status(T>2.0). Conclusions: It is recommended that the institutional approach which improve the economic status of the disabled with understanding their behavior and attitude should be established to increase health status, in addition, the health policy for encouraging the disabled, such as health education, consulting and health promotion program, should be done.

한국인의 건강관심도, 건강실천행위 및 건강수준간의 구조분석

이순영,손명세,남정모,Lee, Soon-Young,Sohn, Myong-Sei,Nam, Chung-Mo 대한예방의학회 1995 예방의학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among the health concern, health practice and health status of Koreans. This study utilized the data from Korean National Health Survey (KNHS) in 1992. The data consisted of random sample of 2,799 individuals (1,304 male and 1,495 females) whose ages were between 20 and 59. The data were analyzed using SAS version 6.04 and LISREL version 7.13. The analytic methods for the study were chi-square analysis and covariance structural analysis. The results of the study were as follows. (1) There were significant positive relationships between health concern level and health practice index, and between health practice index and self-perceived health status. (2) There were negative relationships between practice index and chronic illness, and between health practice index and acute illness only in female. (3) Based on the findings, the structural model of the health concern, health practice, health status and socioeconomic variables was established and then the covariance structural analysis was used. The higher educational level and economic status were, the higher the health concern was. And urban residents were much more concerned with their health than rural residents. The more persons were concerned with health, the more they did health practices. And the more the health practice was, the higher the health status was. The younger the persons were and the higher the health status of one's family was, the higher the health status was. In female, the higher the economic status was, the higher the health status was.

서울시 일부 대학생들의 건강습관과 건강상태의 관련성 연구

옥찬명,문인옥,김연희 대한보건협회 2001 대한보건연구 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study was to find the association with the health practices and health status for university students. The subjects were taken 804 university students in seoul. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire during 2 weeks from October 15, 2000. The findings were as follows: 1. Only 33.3% of the subjects had taken a health education-related class. 2. The male students showed better health practices than females on no snacks (p<0.001), going to bathroom regularly(p<0.001), taking a walk(p<0.01), and doing exercise(p<0.001). On the other hands the female students showed better practices such as no smoking and no drinking. 3. Religious showed higher health practice scores than non-religious ones(p<0.001). 4. Seventy five point nine percent of the respondents were in healthy group showing significant difference by sex (p<0.001) with 2.79 odds ratio. 5. The healthy group showed better health practices than non-healthy group such as on going to bathroom regularly(p<0.01), taking a walk (p<0.01), and having low stress(p<0.001). And the healthy group got more stress than the unhealthy group showing significant difference statistically (p<0.001). 6. To designate the factors influencing students' health status, logistic regression analysis has been done. According to the results of this analysis, health practices, and sex were selected as significant factors associated with the health status. The students who got higher health practices perceived their health better than lower health practices with odds ratio [OR] = 3.73 (p<0.001). And health practices had the most significant effect on health status. And the odds ratio of good health status was 2.61 for male students(p<0.001).

중년여성의 건강증진 생활양식에 관한 연구

윤은자 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2000 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among psychosocial well-being, perceived health status and health promoting lifestyle practices. Data has been collected from November 1, 1998 to April 30, 1979. One hundred and ninety eight middle-aged women completed a multiple self-reported questionnaire on psychosocial well-being, perceived health status and health promoting lifestyle profile. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 7.5 for Windows using Pearson Correlation Coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test. The Major results of this study were as follows: 1. The average item score for psychosocial well-being was low at 54.49, the level of perceived health status was moderate at 5.74, and health promoting lifestyle practices were low at 112.05. Among the subscales of the health promoting lifestyle profile, self-actualization(3.08) and nutrition(2.92) were scored higher than exercise(1.81) and health responsibility(1.79). 2. The performance of health promoting lifestyle was positively correlated with perceived health status(r= .190) and psychosocial well-being(r= .497). Also, positive correlations were observed between perceived health status and psychosocial well-being(r= .181). 3. There were statistically significant differences for health promoting lifestyle, psychosocial well-being and perceived health status according to sociodemographic variables; the performance of health promoting lifestyle was significantly different according to education, economic status, exercise and smoking. Psychosocial well-being was also significantly different according to education, exercise and drinking. Perceived health status was significantly different according to religion, education, occupation and supporter. These findings help to understand relationships among psychosocial well-being, perceived health status, and health promoting lifestyle practices in middle-aged women in Korea. Therefore, the result of this study provide clues for encouraging people to adopt healthier lifestyles and constructing alternative strategies for promoting health practices.

원불교 학력고시법(學力考試法) 고찰

장진영 원광대학교 종교문제연구소 2020 한국종교 Vol.47 No.-

원불교는 일찍부터 전통 불가의 동·하선(冬夏禪) 체제와 근대교육적 요소를 결합하여 마음공부의 훈련과정과 평가제도를 마련하였다. 학력고시법은 1925년에는 훈련법, 학위등급법과 같은 해 제정되었는데, 수양·연구·취사의 삼과(三科)에 대한 공부인의 훈련성적을 고시(考試)하는 것이다. 학력고시는 공부인(입선인)의 실력을 객관적으로 알려줌과 동시에 그 결과가 학위등급에 귀결되도록 한다. 이후 학력고시법은 1932년 『육대요령』의 「학력고시편」에 원칙이 밝혀졌으며, 이후 『회보』 제8호와 제60호에 게재된 「예비학력고시법」, 그리고 『불법연구회 회규』(1942)의 「행해법계(行解法階)」를 통해 계승되었다. 해방 이후 학력고시법은 훈련평가를 위한 제도의 역할은 축소되고 법위향상(승급)을 위한 제도로서 법위사정의 보조적 역할을 주로 담당하게 되었다. 이를 개선하기 위해 법강항마위 이하 등급의 정기훈련 기간 확대 및 훈련평가제도의 정비 및 강화가 필요하다. 이를 통해 훈련법과 학위등급(법위등급)의 매개적 역할과 훈련평가제도로서 학력고시의 본래 역할을 회복하여 훈련에 참여한 공부인의 실력을 객관적으로 평가함과 동시에 지도인의 자격이 법위등급을 통해 제대로 제시될 수 있도록 제도적 개선이 요청된다. The training course and evaluation system of Won-Buddhist mind practice was established by accepting the advantages of modern educational elements and combining them with the retreat system during summer and winter that originates from traditional Buddhism. The Assessment Method of the Level of Study and Practice was enacted in 1925, that is in the same year as the method of training and the method of stages of practice status. The Assessment Method of the Level of Study and Practice seeks to examine the training achievements in the three subjects of Cultivation, Inquiry and Choice. The Assessment of the Level of Study and Practice was designed to appraise a practitioner’s ability in an objective manner and to ensure that the results belonged to the stages of practice status. Later, the Assessment Method of the Level of Study and Practice was included in the Yukdae-yoryŏng (Six Great Essential Main Principles) published in 1932, and was later followed by the Assessment Method of Preliminary Level of Study and Practice and the Dharma Grade of Action and Wisdom. After liberation from Japan, the Assessment Method of the Level of Study and Practice reduced the role of the system for training evaluation and took the auxiliary role for the advancement of the dharma status. In order to improve this, it is necessary to expand the period of fixed-term training and to re-arrange and reinforce the training evaluation system. This will restore the mediating role between the training method and the stages of practice status (or stages of dharma status), and the original role of the Assessment of the Level of Study and Practice as the training evaluation system. As a result, we can objectively evaluate the ability of a practitioner participating in training and clearly specify the qualifications of a leader through the stages of dharma status.

재판연구원 제도의 바람직한 운영방안

문선주 ( Moon Sunju ),김효정 사법정책연구원 2020 연구보고서 Vol.2020 No.7

With an amendment to the Court Organization Act on July 18, 2011, the law clerk system was introduced together with full-scale unification of the legal profession (appointing judges from among experienced attorneys) and has been implemented since 2012, the year when law school graduates were produced for the first time in the country. Not only is it a newly introduced system that has just begun to take root, but its operation is still going through a transitional period until 2026, when unification of the legal profession will be implemented at full scale. However, as 2021 marks 10 years since the introduction of the law clerk system, it is worth noting how much its implementation has achieved so far. In this context, this report focuses on summarizing the introduction, operation progress and status of the law clerk system so far, and makes some suggestions for noteworthy improvements in the future. For this study’s method, various internal data in courts were referenced because this system was mainly introduced and established by courts. To identify its current status and gather feedback for improvements, opinions were collected from current and former law clerks and judges who worked with law clerks. In this report, Chapter 2 describes the progress and intended purposes for the introduction of the law clerk system in detail and reviews a direction for the system’s operation. According to the law clerk system’s intended purposes, it is clear that law clerks are introduced to support judges appointed from among experienced attorneys. Hence, while the law clerk system may supplement the footing of law schools or practical training of attor-neys and promote exchanges among related legal professions, a major direction for its operation in courts should ultimately focus on practically supporting judges. As a comparison with other countries’ laws, Chapter 3 briefly examines the systems in the United States and the UK and summarizes their implications for Korea’s law clerk system. Next, Chapter 4 looks at the current operation of the law clerk system, summarizes the results of questionnaires conducted on the current status of law clerks’ work and non-work duties in courts since the system’s introduction, and identifies the actual operation status so far and related feedback for improvements. According to these results, the law clerk system has been introduced and operated in a relatively stable manner, contributed to practically alleviating workloads for judges, and established itself as a system that nurtures talented legal professionals. Finally, Chapter 5 suggests practical improvements and long-term uses as specific proposals to overcome problems or structural limitations identified in the operation status. As for practical improvements to consider, improvements involving specific duties, a joint law clerk system, stronger law clerk training, establishment of a manual, and other matters related to system operation are reviewed to tackle problems with law clerks’ work. In particular, this study suggests a proposed manual for law clerks that summarizes improvements for specific duties and includes minimum guidelines for the defined description of law clerks' duties. As for long-term uses, several options discussed in regard to the law clerk system are briefly reviewed, including assigning more law clerks, increasing the number of law clerks, and improving the recruitment of law clerks.

대구광역시 영세주민의 건강행위 및 건강실천행위 관련요인

임용찬(Yong Chan Lim),이중정(Jung Jeung Lee),박종원(Jong Won Park) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2004 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The problems of health in poor peoples are various and difficult things to solve it. They are highly susceptible to chronic disease because of bad environment and It is hard to access to medical services because of their Socio-demographic status. Therefore, it is important to address the problem of prevention of chronic disease and health promotion aspect. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among the health status, health behaviors and health practices of poor people in urban slum area. The subject of this study were 298 poor peoples who live in poor area in Daegu metropolitan city and they were asked to answer the survey questionnaires modified for Korean from behavioral risk factor surveillance system of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention USA. The result of the study were as follows; (1) There were significant relationships between health status (prevalence of chronic disease and perceived general health) and socio-demographic factor such as occupation, existence of spouse, number of family educational level, type of medical security. (2) There were some relationships between health risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking and obesity and health status of subject especially in female obesity. (3) There were relationships among health concern activity, prevalence of chronic disease and some social factor such as educational level and occupation. (4) There were relationships among health practice, health concern activity, health status and socio-demographic factors of subject. This study suggest that health status, socio-demographic status, health concerns and health promotion activity of study populations were associated and It is very important things supporting the poor people in the level of community and nation to practice healthy behaviors themselves.

농촌주민의 건강상태와 영양지식ㆍ태도ㆍ실천과의 관계

조유향(Yoo-Hyang Cho),정해옥(Hae-Ok Jung) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2006 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objectives: This study is to investigate and to test the overall level of nutritional knowledge . attitude . practice and health status of the residents in rural area. Methods: The interview survey was performed in March 2004 with structured questionnaires to 510 respondents of the residents who lived in Muan-Gun of Jeonnam province. The questionnaire was the abridged Scale of the Nutritional KnowledgeㆍAttitudeㆍPractice(SNKA) and health status as the morbidity, subjective health status, health management, and health examination. The covariate, F-test or t-test, and Chi-squire method were used for some of the cross-sectional data. Results: Average weight of nutritional knowledge was 10.64±5.98 by SNKA of the 20 items(0-20). Average weight of nutritional attitudeㆍpractice was 64.59±7.72 by SNKA of the 20 items(20-80). The level of the nutritional knowledge was lower than the level of the nutritional attitudeㆍpractice. 77.3% of the respondents have been health management, 49.6% of the respondents have been health examination. A majority of the respondents(31.3%) had disease, while 13.5% of the respondents had chronic disease, and 17.8% of the respondents had acute disease. The level of nutritional knowledge and general characteristics was positively correlated while the relationships were positive between nutritional knowledge and health status, and between nutritional attitude . practice and health status. Conclusion: These results suggested that education programs of the nutritional knowledge were necessary for the residents of rural area. And behavior change of the nutritional knowledge were necessary for the residents of rural area. Further research would be required to specify the necessities and operation researches.

무면허의료행위에 가담한 의사의 형사책임 - 대법 2012.5.10. 2010도5964와 대법 2014.9.4. 2012도16119를 중심으로 -

최민영 한국형사법학회 2024 형사법연구 Vol.36 No.2

의료인이 아닌 자의 무면허의료행위에 가담한 의사의 형사책임에 대해 최근판례들은 기능적 행위지배에 의한 공동정범의 성립을 인정한다. 이때 의사는위법을 배제하는 불법배제 신분이라는 소극적 신분이 있기 때문에 공동정범이성립할 수 있는지에 대해 의문을 제기할 수 있다. 기존 판례와 일부 이론은 공범과 신분 규정인 형법 제33조에 소극적 신분이 포함된다고 보고, 이에 따라의사도 협의의 공범뿐만 아니라 공동정범의 죄책을 질 수 있다고 판단한다. 그러나 형법 제33조의 문리적 해석, 상이하게 논의될 수 있는 동 규정의 입법취지, 공동정범의 성립여부 등을 고려하면, 소극적 신분을 제33조에 포함시키는데에는 다소 무리가 따른다. 특히, 이 사안처럼 비신분자의 범죄에 가담한 불법배제 신분자의 공동정범 성립을 인정하는데 있어 포함설은 명확한 논거를 제시하지 못한다. 이 사안을 다루는 최근의 몇몇 판례도 더 이상 형법 제33조를논거로 하지는 않는다. 최근 몇몇 판례와 다수 이론은 이 문제는 형법 제33조가 아니라 일반적인 공범론에 따라 해결할 수 있다고 본다. 이 입장은 다시 소극적 신분자의 공동정범 성립 여부를 기준으로, 소극적 신분자의 신분 표지가정범적격을 배제시키므로 협의의 공범만 성립가능하다는 입장과 협의의 공범뿐만 아니라 공동정범 성립도 가능하다는 입장으로 구분된다. 전자의 견해도일응 타당하나, 의료인이 아닌 자와 무면허의료행위를 공모한 의사와 이를 방치한 의사의 형사책임은 구분되어야 한다. 즉, 불법배제 신분자라 하더라도 위법한 의료행위에 가담하는 것까지 위법성이 배제될 수는 없으므로 기능적 행위지배가 있는 한, 불법배제 신분자라 하더라도 공동정범은 성립할 수 있다. 다만, 구체적 논거 없이 바로 의사의 공동정범을 인정하는 최근 판례의 태도와달리, 사안의 유형별로 교사범 혹은 방조범인지, 공동정범인지, 아니면 범죄가성립되지 않는지 등을 면밀하게 검토해야 할 것으로 보인다. Recent case law on the criminal liability of physicians for participating in the unlicensed practice of medicine by nonphysicians has recognized co-principal by functional control. One may question whether joint criminal liability can be established because of the physician’s passive status as a tort excluder. Existing case law and some theories believe that passive status is included in Article 33 of the Criminal Law, which regulates complicity and status, and therefore the doctor can be guilty of co-principal as well as being an accessory. However, considering the literal interpretation of Article 33 of the Criminal Law, the differing legislative intentions of the provision, and the existence of joint criminal liability, it is somewhat unreasonable to include passive status in Article 33. In particular, the inclusion theory does not provide a clear argument for recognizing the joint criminality of an unlawfully excluded person who participates in the crime of a non-status person, as is the case here. The few recent cases and many theories addressing this issue also no longer rely on Article 33 of the Criminal Law. Several recent cases and a number of theories suggest that the issue can be resolved under general complicity theory rather than Article 33. This position, in turn, is divided into two camps based on whether the passive identifiers can be jointly criminalized: those who believe that the passive identifiers’ identity marker excludes criminalization and therefore only accessory can be established, and those who believe that co-principal as well as accessory is possible. The former view is valid, but the criminal liability of a doctor who conspires with a non-medical practitioner to engage in unlicensed medical practice and a doctor who only aid it should be distinguished. In other words, even if a person is in an illegal excluded status, the illegality of engaging in illegal medical practice cannot be excluded, so as long as there is functional control, joint criminality can be established even if the person is in an illegal excluded status. However, unlike the attitude of recent cases that recognize joint criminality of doctors without any specific reasoning, it seems that it is necessary to closely examine whether it is an aider, abettor, and co-principal, or no crime is established depending on the type of case.

일부 미취학 아동의 간식습관 및 구강건강실천행위와 구강건강상태와의 관련성

이은경 ( Eun-gyeong Lee ) 한국치위생학회 2016 한국치위생학회지 Vol.16 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among snack habits, oral health practice, and oral health status in preschool children. Methods: The subjects were 209 preschool children and their mothers in Jeonbuk from March 24 to May 30, 2014. The study instruments comprised snack habits, oral health practice, and oral health status. Data were analyzed for independent t-test, one way ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS Win 21.0 version. Results: Higher dft index was shown in the older age (p=0.033), lower mother`s education (p<0.001), lower mother`s daily toothbrushing (p<0.001), check-up after tooth-brushing (p<0.001), tooth-brushing practice before sleeping (p<0.001), tooth-brushing practice after snack (p<0.001), regular dental check-up (p<0.001), fluoride and sealant for prevention caries (p<0.001), limitation of sugar snack intake (p<0.007), periodic replacement toothbrush (p=0.022). The cause of higher dft index included soda (p<0.001), yogurt (p<0.001), snack (p=0.002), bread and cake (p=0.002) and caramel and candy (p<0.001). Fruit (p<0.001), vegetable (p<0.001) and milk (p=0.004) decreased dft index. Factors affecting oral health status were tooth-brushing practice before sleeping, tooth-brushing practice after snack, regular dental check-up, fluoride and sealant for prevention caries, and intake of soda, yogurt, caramel, candy, and fruit. The explanation power of the final model was 67.6%. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop the oral health education program for the preschool children and mothers to enhance the best oral health condition.