동해안 울진해역 원통형 고둥 통발의 재질별 어획 성능

안희춘 ( Heui-chun An ),배재현 ( Jae-hyun Bae ),박창두 ( Chang-doo Park ),박종명 ( Jong-myung Park ),홍성익 ( Sung-eic Hong ),윤병선 ( Byung-sun Yoon ),김병관 ( Pyungkwan Kim ),김성훈 ( Seong-hun Kim ) 한국어업기술학회 2017 수산해양기술연구 Vol.53 No.1

Fishing pots are one of the important fishing gears in our coastal and offshore fisheries. In terms of a sustainable use of marine resources, there are concerns about the ghost fishing by lost pots. It is reported that 10 to 70% of the pots are abandoned or lost annually. This study is to compare the catching efficiency of drum type whelk pots that are made of biodegradable nets to those made of the ordinary nets, in the eastern coast of Korea. Five types of drum pots were used with combination of biodegradable nets and ordinary (PA, PE) nets applied to the main and funnel parts of the pots: pots with biodegradable nets (Bio+Bio); pots with PE net (PE+PE); pots with body and funnel made of biodegradable nets and PE nets respectively (Bio+PE); pots with body and funnel made of PE nets and PA nets respectively (PE+PA); pots with body and funnel made of PE nets and biodegradable net respectively (PE+Bio). Field experiments were conducted from June 18^th, 2015 to August 7^th, 2015 using a commercial fishing vessel in the Uljin waters on the eastern coast of Korea. Two fleets of pots with one hundred in each, 20 pots of each type, were casted for 8 to 15 days to analyze their catching efficiency. The catch of target species, whelks, was 202,563.0 g with catch rate of 38.7% of the total catch, while the bycatch was 320,709.7 g with the rate of 61.3% of the total catch. The catch of whelks was the highest in the Bio+PE pots (46,020.3 g), followed by the Bio+Bio pots (42,027.5 g), the PE+Bio pots (41,849.9 g) and the lowest being PE+PE pots (38,054.2 g). Compared to the conventional pots, the pots with biodegradable nets on the body or entrance part had slightly higher catch rate for both the target species and the bycatch. The PE+PE had the lowest catch rate. There is no significant difference in catch between the pots with biodegradable nets and the ordinary nets for the target species such as Buccinum opisthoplectum, Neptunea eulimata, Buccinum striatissimum. Consequently, using biodegradable nets for the conventional whelk pots can reduce ghost fishing by lost gears while keeping the performance of the pots.

Mechanical Strength Analysis of Biodegradable Pots While Growing Cherry Tomato Plant in a Controlled Greenhouse

( Elanchezhian Arulmozhi ),( Qasim Waqas ),( Fawad Khan ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Jihoon Park ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Yong Jin Lee ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

In this decades we are using biodegradable pots for growing plants. Sometimes those pots create damaged in plant’s root due to environmental condition. It show unsuitable mechanical performances in the process of transplanting. The main objective of this study was to estimate the strength of biodegradable organic pots in the process of growing plants in controlled greenhouse. In this experiment, 100 bio-degradable paper pulp trays were used. Pots filled with commercial compost but 50 has cherry tomato plant seed whereas 50 has no seed. In the greenhouse “20-30” degree C temperature maintained which is the recommended for growing cherry tomato plant plants and water spray were supplied 5 min/day. We did analysis on weekly basis by taking 9 samples from each tray and checked the strength of biodegradable pots after removing the compost and plant. EZ 20 material testing machine was used for tension and compression test of individual pots and also for sides of each pot by cutting (3×2 mm) rectangular shape. The initial average maximum tension load (mean±SD) of pots was 70.06±2.5 N in 3.11 sec and average maximum compression load of pots was 77.4±1.5 N in 13.39 sec. For sides of pots, the initial average maximum tension load was 196.1±2.0 N in 4.47 sec and average maximum compression load was 58.1±1.0 N in 3.6 sec. From these result we can found water content and long roots of cherry tomato plant can have a significant effect on biodegradable pots. By this results we concluded that the water content and roots elongation have a significant effect on biodegradable organic pots so there is need to improve materials of biodegradable pots while using in transplanting machine.

Analysis of Tension and Compression Load of Biodegradable Organic Pots during Process of Growing Plants in Control Greenhouse

( Yong Jin Lee ),( Waqas Qasim ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Fawad Khan ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Transplanting is the technique of removing a plant from a place where it has been grown to another place. In the process of transplanting biodegradable pots can be damaged and there is high risk of damaging plant’s root. The objective of our study was to estimate the strength of biodegradable organic pots (Tension and Compression load) in the process of growing plants in control greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Gyeongsang national university. Total 120 biodegradable paper pulp trays were used in experiment. All trays were filled up with commercial compost and Pepper seeds were planted in total of 60 biodegradable paper pulps trays while other 60 trays were remained with no seeds. Water spray were supplied 5 min/day and temperature were maintained between “20-30” degrees C inside greenhouse which is recommended for growing pepper seeds. We did analysis on weekly basis by taking 9 samples from each tray (with seeds and non seeds) and checked the strength of biodegradable pots after removing the compost and plant. EZ 20 material testing machine were used for tension and compression test of individual pots and also for sides of each pots by cutting it in (3x2 mm) rectangular shape. Also we checked the moisture content of individual pots of biodegradable trays by using dry oven. The initial average maximum tension load of pots were 71.083 N in 3.08 sec and average maximum compression load of pots were 78.6 N in 14.06 sec. For sides of pots the initial average maximum tension load were 198.6 N in 4.38 sec and average maximum compression load were 59.7 N in 3.0 sec. The results showed that water content and long roots of pepper can have significantly effect on biodegradable pots. Although there were no significant difference observed before roots reached to sides of pots. In conclusion, water content and roots elongation have significant effect on biodegradable organic pots so there is need to improve materials of biodegradable pots while using in transplanting machine.

중국 차 문화 속의 자사호(紫砂壺) 특성 연구

향근(Xian, Jin),이성원(Lee, Sung Won) 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.4

중국 자사호(紫砂壶)는 16〜19세기 중국인들의 음차(飮茶)방식의 변화로 인해 생겨난 것이다. 중국 차 문화에 있어 오랜 시간을 지켜온 자호(瓷壶)는 자사호 보다 일찍 발전 하였지만 자사호가 지니고 있는 장점에 밀려 자사호에게 제 1 다구(茶具)의 자리를 내 주었다. 자사호는 자사니(紫砂泥)라는 특수 광물을 원료로 만든 다구로서 자호와의 차이점이 있음을 알 수 있었고, 자사호의 특징과 특성을 다음과 같은 과정으로 연구하였다. 첫째, 서론으로 연구목적과 연구방법 및 범위에 대하여 서술 하였다. 연구방법은 저서, 전문서적, 인터넷자료 등을 통하여 자사 원광의 생산지와 원재료의 특성을 소개했고, 동시에 자사호와 자호에 대해 여러 방면의 비교를 했다. 우선 전문서적을 찾아 원광 화학원소의 성분을 분석하고 자니(瓷泥)와 자사니(紫砂泥)중에 동일한 원소의 함량을 대조하고, 동시에 둘의 가소성 실험 데이터와 함수율 데이터를 일일이 비교하면서 자사니가 자니보다 가소성이 좋고 통기성이 좋은 특성을 갖고 있을 뿐만 아니라 수축하여 변형하기가 쉽지 않다는 것을 자료를 통해 알 수 있었다. 이외에 원광의 종류를 열거하고 테스트 후 원래의 색깔과 굽고 난 후의 색깔 변화를 기술하였고, 이를 통해 자사니가 자니보다 원래의 색깔이 더욱 풍부하고 변화가 많다는 것을 설명하였다. 연구의 범위로는 16〜19세기 자사호와 자호의 특징과 특성을 비교하였다. 둘째, 본론에서는 조형 공구와 성형 공예에 대한 소개를 통해 둘 사이의 조소 범위의 다양화와 한계성을 대조하였다. 마지막으로 조형 모양, 장식 공예와 창작유형을 비교하고 이를 통해 자사호를 창작하는 개성화 및 자호를 제작하는 대중화와 공예화(工藝化)를 설명 하였다. 셋째, 결론 부분에서는 자사호와 자호의 비교를 통해 순수 수공의 창작 방식 때문에 자사호의 모양이 다원화되고 개성적인 특징을 갖게 되었으며, 색깔과 광택이 천연적이고 질박하며 변화가 다양하고, 재질의 통기성 등으로 인해 자호보다 음차하기에 더 적합하다는 결론을 얻었다. 이에, 자사호는 중국 다구 중에 절대적인 재료 특성상의 장점을 갖고 있다는 것을 본 연구를 통해 알 수 있었다. Purple Clay Pot in China is caused by a change in the way tea is drunk in the 16th〜19th century Chinese. Porcelain Pot who has kept a long time in Chinese tea culture developed faster than Jasaho, but Jasaho gave Purple Clay Pot the first tea kettle seat due to the advantages Purple Clay Pot had. Purple Clay Pot knew that there was a difference with Porcelain Pot as a pot made from a special mineral named Purple Clay as raw material, and studied the features and characteristics of Purple Clay Pot in the following process. First of all, in the introduction the purpose of the research and the research method and scope were mentioned. In the research method, we introduced the characteristics of Jasa mineral production area and materials through books, specialized books, Internet materials etc. At the same time, we compared several aspects to Purple Clay Pot and Porcelain Pot. First, we analyze the components of chemical elements of minerals searching for specialized books, comparing the content of the same element in clay and violet clay, while simultaneously comparing experimental data of plural plasticity and water content data at the same time We could use the data to know that purple clay has better plasticity than ordinary clay and has good air permeability but also it is not easy to shrink and deform. In addition, after listing the types of minerals and then testing the original color and the change in color after baking, this makes the purple clay color more rich than the usual clay, the original color I explained the characteristics with many changes. In the scope, we compared features of Purple Clay Pot and Porcelain Pot from the 16th to the 19th century. Secondly, in this paper, through introduction of shaping tools and molding crafts, we contrasted the diversification and limits of the range of shaping between them. Finally, we compared the shapes, decorative crafts and creative types. By doing this, I explained the personality to create Purple Clay Pot and the diffusion and craftsmanship to produce Porcelain Pot. Third, in the conclusion part, through comparison of Purple Clay Pot and Porcelain Pot, the shape of Purple Clay Pot becomes pluralized and has a distinctive feature due to pure handmade creation method. The color and gloss are natural and simple, the variety is variable, the material is breathable, etc. I got the conclusion that it is better than Porcelain Pot for drinking. Through this research, Purple Clay Pot was able to learn that it has the advantages of absolute material characteristics in the Chinese kettle.

도태칠(陶胎漆)화분의 옻칠도막에 의한 수분증발량 비교 연구

방기탁,김병율 한국도자학회 2018 한국도자학연구 Vol.15 No.1

As people’s interests and concerns in indoor air quality have been increased recently, they tend to get extremely stressed while worrying about the effects onto their health. Thus, it is in the situation that there is increasing the people’s demand for finding out many kinds of solutions for a good quality of indoor air. Accordingly, people’s interests in air purification plants and the related flower pots are rapidly heightened. For cultivating plants, irrigation, fertilization, temperature and composition of air, etc. are some major important growth conditions, but it is important which kinds of pots are selected, too. The reason is because the moisture evaporation volume of a flower pot makes a big effect on the required moisture level and permeability, etc. of a plant. The pottery pots that are currently used are made of porous materials, so there are many pores into the pottery body. Thus, much loss of moisture is increased and it is quick to evaporate nutrients and moisture quickly from the soil inside a pot. The purpose of this study is to compare the moisture content of lacquered ceramic surface pots as a constituent of the garden culture that has been a part of contemporary life by supplementing its function with traditional pottery to add to the value of pots and present the beauty of Korean emotions and aesthetics every day and not just as containers for plants. A lacquering method is a technique for forming a pot shape with soil and drying it at 800℃~125 0℃ first and second times and then finishing with lacquer coating on the surface of the non-oiled pottery pot. Lacquer as a coating material is a natural material which can be used freely by using other kinds of materials and plays a role as an important medium expressing the identity of a writer through the differentiated production method of a pot while an artist pursues some diversity as many kinds of decoration techniques even in the modern era. Therefore, it is possible for lacquer to be developed as a handicraft material. Taking a look at the results from an experiment, it was found that the moisture evaporation of a lacquer coated pottery pot is suppressed more than that of a non-lacquered pottery pot by 1.84% on average in case of the first coating, by 2.85% on average in case of twice of coating and by 4.24% on average in case of three times of coating. As the results, it is hoped that a lacquered pot could coexist beautifully with the gardening culture in the lives of people and it is expected that some continuous studies could be made for seeking for some new possibilities in the domestic pot market. 최근 실내공기에 대한 국민들의 관심과 우려가 증가되면서 건강에 대한 영향을 걱정하고 극심한 스트레스를 받게 됨으로써 여러 가지 해결책에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 이로 인해 공기정화 식물과 그것을 담는 화분에 대한 관심이 급격히 증가되고 있다. 화분 식물가꾸기에 있어서 관수(灌水), 시비(施肥), 온도, 공기조성 등이 주요한 생육조건들이지만 화분의 선택도 중요하다. 이것은 화분으로부터의 수분증발량이 식물의 수분요구도, 통기성 등에영향을 크게 주기 때문이다. 현재 일반적으로 많이 사용하고 있는 도분(陶盆)은 유공성분(盆) 으로서 기벽에 공극(孔隙)이 많아서 화분내의 토양으로부터 영양분과 수분증발량을 증가시키게 되므로 식물에 적합한 화분의 선택을 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 일상생활 속에 자리 잡아가고 있는 정원문화와 어우러진 구성체로서 기존 도분(陶盆)과 옻칠을 이용한 도태칠(陶胎漆)화분에 대한 수분증발량을 비교하여 식물을 담는 용기의 의미만이 아닌 한국의 정서와 미의식이 한데 어우러진 멋을 일상생활에서 접할 수 있도록 하여 화분의 가치를 부가하고자 한다. 옻칠기법의 도태칠(陶胎漆)은 흙으로 성형 · 건조하여 800℃~1250℃에서 초벌 혹은 재벌소성 후 무유(無釉)도자 표면에 옻칠로 마감하는 기법을말하며 이러한 옻칠은 천연의 재료로써 타 재료와의 접목을 자유롭게 표현할 수 있어 현대도예의 장식기법으로써 다양성을 추구하며 화분의 차별화된 제작방법을 통해 작가의 정체성을표현하는 중요한 매체 역할을 할 수 있어 공예재료로써 많은 발전 가능성을 열어주고 있다. 실험결과를 보면 도태칠(陶胎漆)화분이 도분(陶盆)에 비해 수분증발량이 옻칠 1회(초칠)에서 평균 1.84% 옻칠 2회(중칠 1회)에서 평균 2.85% 옻칠 3회(중칠 2회)에서 평균 4.24% 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통하여 옻칠을 이용한 도태칠(陶胎漆)화분이 식물의 집으로서 인간의 삶속에서 가드닝(gardening) 문화와 함께 아름답게 공생하길 바라며 국내 화분시장에서의 새로운가능성을 모색해보는 지속적인 연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다.

자생차의 육묘 방법에 관한 연구

이용호(Yong-Ho Lee*),송근우(Kun-Woo Song),고영옥(Yong-Ok Ko),김성만(Seong-Man Kim),정대수(Dae-Soo Chung) 한국차학회 2005 한국차학회지 Vol.11 No.2

본 시험은 1999년 3월부터 2000년 11월 까지 경남 농업기술원에서 자생차를 육묘․보급하기 위하여 육묘시 Pot 종류에 따른 발아율, 지상부 생육, 묘소질 상태, 신초엽색 출현 빈도 및 경제성을 비교․분석하여 차나무 육묘에 가장 적합한 크기를 구명하고자 시험한바 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 발아율, 성묘율, 경수, 엽수, 엽장 및 건물중은 Cup Pot Ø16㎝ 처리구에서 높았고, 초장과 엽면적은 Net Pot Ø15㎝ 처리구에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 2. 지상부 및 지하부 생육 모두 Cup Pot Ø16㎝ 처리구에서 가장 양호하였으며, Cup Pot의 크기가 적을수록 생육이 부진하였다. 3. T/R율은 Cup Pot Ø16㎝ 처리구 및 Net Pot Ø15㎝ 처리구에서 각각 100% 및 114%로 나타났으며, Cup Pot 크기가 적을수록 높아지는 경향이었다. 4. 경제성면에서는 일반 농가 대비 Net Pot Ø15㎝에서 30%, Cup Pot Ø16㎝에서 50%가 절감되었다. This experiment was conducted to know the optimum planting pot size for raising seedling in wild tea tree(Camellia sinensis L.) for two years at Gyeongnam ARES. Agronomic traits like germination ratio, matured seedlings, number of tiller, leaf number, leaf length and dry weight were more and higher by planting at Ø16㎝ cup pot. When planted at Ø15㎝ net pot, plant height and leaf area per unit area were higher than those of Ø16㎝ cup pot. The growth of root and top were good by planting at Ø16㎝ cup pot showing 114 percent T/R ratio at Ø15㎝ cup pot. The income was higher at Ø16㎝ cup pot planting as compared to conventionel for raising seedling of tea plant.

우리나라 경북 연안해역 문어통발 어업실태에 관한 연구

양재형,이수정,김병관,정정모,김성훈 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2022 수산해양기술연구 Vol.58 No.2

In this study, the fishery status of the octopus pot fishery in the east coastal sea were investigated, and the fishing performance of each pot shape was compared and analyzed. The fishery status survey was conducted through listening surveys at Jukbyeon Port, Uljin Port and Pohang Daebo Port in Gyeongbuk Province, and the amount of fishing gear used, fishing method, size and loss of octopus pot fishery was investigated. On the east coastal sea, octopus is one of the commercially important fish stocks and is caught in inshore pots, inshore combos, inshore gillnets and offshore pots. Among these fishing methods, pot fishing yields the highest catch. The shape of the pot differs depending on the region. In Uljin (Jukbyeon Port and Hupo Port), Gyeongbuk, rectangular type net pots are mainly used, and in Pohang (Daebo Port) in Gyeongbuk, drum-type pots are mostly used. Enteroctopus dofleini accounts for more than 90% of the catch of octopus. For the octopus fishing performance test by trap type, three types of traps (rectangular pot, drum pot and cylinder pot) were used on the coastal sea of Pohang Daebo. As a result, the total catch by pot shape was shown in the order of rectangular-type pot > drum-type pot > cylinder-type pot. The catch of octopus, the target species, was in the following order: rectangular-type pot > drum-type pot > cylinder-type pot. Such result shows a significant difference (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05).

중국 요대(遼代) 계관호(雞冠壺)의 시기별 조형적 특징 분석 연구

왕쯔뱌오,강성곤 한국도자학회 2021 한국도자학연구 Vol.18 No.3

Chinese traditional ceramic culture has developed into many types of ceramics in a long history, with different times and regions, and the advantages of different types have also been highly recognized. Especially the research on the cockscomb pot appears uniquely among the ceramic types in the north. This is not only the study of Liao Dynasty ceramics, but also a very important part of Chinese porcelain. Liao is a country established by khitan nationality centered on the Chifeng area of Inner Mongolia in northern China. Cockscomb pot is a unique shape of Liao Dynasty porcelain with chicken crown and beam. This research divides the period of the cockscomb pot and sorts out the characteristics of each period through the prior research and investigation of the cockscomb pot. Especially according to the age of the tombs of the Liao Dynasty, the development process of the cockscomb pot shape was observed. Investigate the literature and sort out the characteristics of the six stages from the modeling form. Namely; the modeling stage of the leather pot with various materials(Khitan, 338-916), the modeling stage dominated by the leather(Khitan dynasty, 916-970), and the increasing stage of the pot body(970~1002 in the Liao Dynasty), There are six stages in the shape of the lower abdomen of the lifting beam(Liao Dynasty, 1002~1017), the modeling stage of the trapezoidal double hole(Liao Dynasty, 1017~1066), and the late stage of the modeling of the lower abdomen(Liao Dynasty, 1066~1125). Moreover, for the cockscomb pot with the staged confirmation of the various modeling forms, based on the literature survey, combined with the image description, the modeling and production forms are sorted out. In addition, through the collation of the existing research and investigation data and analysis of the development and shape changes of the cockscomb pot, the morphological characteristics can be roughly divided into two types, the cockscomb perforation shape and the beam-lifting pot shape. It can be seen that the Khitan people have unique ethnic modeling characteristics. Cockscomb pot is a porcelain that almost disappeared after the demise of the Liao Dynasty. It can be said to be a unique porcelain of the Liao Dynasty, and it is the most representative type ofporcelain in the Liao Dynasty. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the cockscomb pot in this study, especially theunique shape of the cockscomb shape, the Khitan cockscomb pot is based on the shape of the existing Khitan skin pot and integrates the decoration of the skin pot in the Central Plains. Reflects the achievements of the national aesthetics in the production and details of the use. Therefore, as an embodiment of the Khitan national aesthetics, the cockscomb pot in the Liao Dynasty demonstrated the national confidence of the Khitan nationality based on its existing aesthetic experience, expanded the range and field of ceramic modeling, and provided sufficient resources for modern ceramic modeling in the future. The use of decorative means pursues new style beauty. 중국의 전통 도자문화는 유구한 역사 속에서 시대와 지역에 따라 많은 도자 유형으로 발전했으며, 그 우수성도 매우 높게 인식되고 있다. 특히 북방지역의 도자 유형으로 독특하게 나타난 계관호(雞冠 壺)에 관한 연구는 중국도자사 뿐만 아니라 요대 도자기 연구에 있어서도 매우 중요한 부분이다. 요나 라는 중국 북방의 내몽고(內蒙古) 지역을 중심으로 거란이 세운 나라이며, 계관호는 닭벼슬을 얹은 모 양의 독특한 형태로 중국 요나라의 전통적 형식의 도자기 유형이다. 본 연구에서는 요대 계관호에 관한 선행 연구자들의 시기 구분을 고찰하고, 계관호의 조형적 발전단 계에 따라 시기 구분에 대한 견해를 밝히고자 하며, 각 시기별 특징을 규명하고 정리하였다. 시기는 총 여섯 단계로 나누었으며, 요나라 왕조의 연대 또는 계관호 조형의 변천에 따라 초기 모방기(거란족, 338-916년), 통합기(거란왕조, 916-970년), 정착기(요대, 970-1002년) 성숙기(요대, 1002-1017년)의 절정 기(요대, 1017-1066년), 쇠퇴기(요대, 1066-1125)로 구분하여 조사하였다. 또한 각 단계에 대한 계관호의 제작과 조형적 특징은 물론 세부적인 용도에 관해서도 문헌 고찰을 토대로 연대표와 이미지를 확인하 고직접현장조사를통해분석하였다. 이로써거란계관호의발생원인과더불어도자유형의조형적 변화까지도 확인할 수 있었다. 자료 분석의 결과, 계관호의 조형적 변화에 대한 형태적 특징을 크게 계관천공(雞冠穿孔)과 제량호 (提樑壺) 두 가지 유형으로 나눌 수 있었으며, 거란족만의 독특한 민족 고유의 조형적 특징을 지니고 있음을확인할수있었다. 계관호는요나라가멸망한후역사속으로사라진독특한유물로가장민족 적 색채를 띠는 대표적인 도자 유형이라 할 수 있다. 연구 내용을 토대로 요대 계관호의 대표적인 특징은, 첫째, 닭벼슬 형태라는 독특한 조형이 지니는 특수성과 기존 피낭호(皮囊壺) 조형을 토대로 중원지역의 피낭호 장식을 통합하여 제작했다는 점과 더 불어 세부적인 용도에 관해서도 유의미한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 둘째, 요대 계관호는 거란족의 민족적 특징을 형성하며 존재 미학적 개념으로서 거란족의 자신감을 보여주었으며 도자 조형의 형식에 있어서도 범위와 영역을 넓혀주는 역할을 하였다. 앞으로 현대 도자 조형에 있어서 충분히 활용이 가능한 장식 수단이며 새로운 조형미 추구와 창작의 폭을 더욱 넓힐 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

세계인을 매료시킨 중국의 맛 — 중국 역사와 서사 속 훠궈

權夽,映(Kwon, Eun-Young) 한국중국소설학회 2020 中國小說論叢 Vol.62 No.-

훠궈는 중국 삼국시대의 역사서에도 등장할 만큼 역사가 깊은 중국의 대표적인 요리이다. 지금 우리나라에도 크고 작은 도시할 것 없이 어디서나 쉽게 찾아서 맛볼 수 있는 보편화된 요리이기도 하다. 탕에 재료를 넣으면 ‘구동구동’ 끓는 소리가 귀를 자극하고 마라의 향기에 식재료의 살아있는 식감까지 맛, 소리, 향기가 어우러진 삼중주가 조화롭다. 훠궈는 사천의 대표적인 요리이긴 하지만 사천만의 음식은 아니다. 훠궈는 지역적으로 북방 훠궈와 남방 훠궈로 나뉜다. 또한 솥에 따라서도 그 종류가 다양해서 솥, 재료, 소스의 다양함을 즐길 수 있는 음식이기도 하다. 최근에는 혼밥족들이 선호하는 훠궈의 축소판이라고 할 수 있는 마라탕도 사람들에게 크게 사랑받고 있다. 훠궈는 중국을 대표하는 음식임에 틀림없고, 본고에서는 團圓, 養生, 多樣性 등 이렇게 세 가지로 나눠서 훠궈가 가진 문화적 의미를 살펴보았다. Hot Pot(Huoguo) is a representative dish of China with a long history that also appears in the history books of the Han Dynasty. It is a popular dish that can be easily found and tasted anywhere in Korea, regardless of size. When ingredients are put in the soup, the gudong gudong boiling sound stimulates the ears and the aroma of Mala to the living texture of the ingredients is harmonized with the taste, sound and aroma. Hot Pot is a representative dish of Sichuan, but it is not just Sichuan s food. Hot Pot is locally divided into northern Hot Pot and southern Hot Pot, and the recipes are largely divided into six categories. Hot Pot is especially famous for Mala Hot Pot, which is based on Mala, and Spicy Hot Pot(Malatang), which is favored by eating alone people, is greatly loved by people these days. Hot Pot is fun to choose and eat a variety of ingredients, and the ingredients and sauces are very diverse, so you can choose and enjoy the taste of Hot Pot. In this paper, we could look at some of the cultural meanings of Hot Pot. First, Hot Pot has the meaning of ‘reunion’ which is important in China as it is a food that many people gather together to eat. Second, it has the meaning of ‘nourish’. This is because you can keep your body healthy from the cold and humid weather by eating warm with various ingredients. Third, it is a food that contains ‘diversity’. It is because Hot pot can be cooked in a variety of ways from soup to taste and ingredients. By looking at the taste of Hot Pot and Spicy Hot Pot, which have attracted people around the world, it was an opportunity to consider the cultural meaning of Chinese food culture, and we will continue to study Chinese food culture and try to analyze characteristic cultural keywords that can express China.

古代日本における人面墨書土器と祭祀

三上 喜孝(Mikami Yoshitaka) 경북대학교 인문학술원 2021 동서인문 Vol.- No.16

고대 일본에서는 8~9세기 유적을 중심으로 토기에 사람의 얼굴을 그린 토기(人面墨書土器)가 다수 출토되었다. 소월리 유적에서 출토된 얼굴 장식옹의 의미에 대해 생각하는 참고로 일본의 고대 유적에서 출토된 인면 묵서 토기에 대해 기존 연구를 소개하고자 한다. 먼저 출토 유적의 특징으로는 수도의 유적과 지방의 관청 유적에서 출토된다는 점을 들 수 있다. 이는 수도나 지방의 관청을 역병으로부터 보호하기 위해 그 네 구석이나 경계 부근에서 거행된 제사와 관련되는 것으로 생각된다. 수도나 지방 관아 외에는 취락에서 출토된 사례도 있다. 東일본에 존재하는 취락 유적의 경우 인면 묵서와 함께 개인명이나 그 본관지가 기록되어 있는 사례가 있는데, 이는 개인의 연명 기원을 위한 제사에서 이용되었을 가능성을 말해 준다. 다음으로 인면 묵서를 그리는 방법의 특징을 살펴보면, 그 대부분은 토기 측면에 正方向으로 그려져 있다. 또한 토기의 측면을 둘러싸듯 인면을 여러 개 그린 경우가 많다. 이는 정방향으로 놓인 인면 묵서 토기에 술과 음식 등을 담아 역병의 신에게 바쳤다는 것이나 어느 방향에서도 인면이 볼 수 있도록 고안하여 그렸음을 말해 준다. 그려져 있는 인면은 수염을 기른 남성이 많은데, 이는 도교(Taoism) 기호적 회화의 영향을 받았을 가능성이 높다. 경계 밖에서 몰려오는 역병의 신을 쫓아내기 위해 식사를 올리면서 그때 인면 묵서 토기가 사용되었던 것이다. 이상을 토대로 경산시 소월리 유적의 인면 장식옹과의 비교를 시도해 보면 공통점으로는 토기의 측면에 인면을 표현하였다는 점이나 어느 방향에서도 인면을 확인할 수 있도록 제작되었다는 점이 일본의 인면 묵서 토기의 특징과 유사하다. 결정적인 차이는 소월리에서 출토된 인면 장식옹은 미리 인면 장식을 한 후에 燒成된 반면, 일본 고대의 인민 묵서 토기는 소성 후의 토기에 墨으로 인면을 그렸다는 점이다. 이러한 점으로 미루어 볼 때 일본 고대의 인면 묵서 토기와의 관계성에 대해서는 더욱 신중한 검토가 필요하다. The finds unearthed at the Sowol-ri 所月里 site in Gyeongsan 慶山, Korea, include, in addition to wooden documents, a pot decorated with human faces on three sides. Until now, only a few examples of pottery with human faces have been found in Korea; thus, the discovery of pottery with no practical use may be significant for consideration on the nature of this site. In Japan, many pots with human faces painted in ink have been unearthed, mostly at sites dating from the eighth to ninth centuries. As reference for the consideration of the meaning of the Sowol-ri pot, I wish to provide an overview of the literature on ink-painted human face pots that have been unearthed at ancient sites in Japan. First, a distinctive feature of these sites is that many of them are the sites of former capitals or regional government offices. The pots probably have connections with religious rites that were performed at the four corners of such sites or near their boundaries in order to protect the capital or the regional government office from an epidemic. Apart from capital cities and regional government offices, there are also examples of pots that have been unearthed at the sites of former settlements. Sites of eastern Japan also provide instances in which an individual’s name and place of living had been inscribed together with the ink painting of the human face. This suggests that such pots may have been used in religious rites to pray for the prolongation of the person’s life. In addition, there are characteristic features regarding the way the faces are painted. Faces are mostly painted frontally and the same face is often painted several times around the sides of the pot. These characteristics show that these pots, which were placed with the human face on the front and filled with wine or food, were offerings to the epidemic god, and that they were made in a way to ensure that the human face could be seen from any direction. The human faces often represent bearded males, and it is very likely that they were influenced by the symbolic paintings of Taoism. Meals were offered in order to ward off the epidemic god who came from outside the limits of the locality in question. Ink-painted human face pots were used on such occasions. The comparison between these Japanese pots and the pot adorned with human faces from the Sowol-ri site shows great similarity in the depiction of the human faces on each side of the pot in such a way that the human face can seen from any direction. However, there is a determining difference in that the Sowol-ri pot was fired after the human faces had been added, whereas ancient Japanese pots were fired before the human faces were painted. Based on this fact, further investigations are needed to establish whether or not there are any connections between the Sowol-ri pot and the ancient Japanese pots.