스티븐 홀의 도시주거 프로젝트에서 다공성의 의미에 관한 연구

김현주(Kim, Hyun-Ju) 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.32 No.8

The urban housing development in Korea, which is disconnected to local environment and urban fabric, has created many problems. For sustainable city, it is important to integrate the urban publicity, in which condition the housing can be connected to the urban fabric and to the local community. Steven Holl has a discourse on creating a new typology of architecture in the city of 21st century with ‘porosity’ concept. This study is focused on meaning and application of Holl’s porosity in the urban housing projects. For the comprehensive understanding of porosity concept, I studied on theoretical connection between Steven Holl’s porosity and the porosity of Walter Benjamin who studied on modern urban complex in the early 20th century. The architectural features of Benjamin’s porosity are categorized into the ‘indetermination of the boundary’, ‘variability of social space’ and ‘montage-image’. Based on that, three of Steven Holl’s urban housing projects are analysed in this study. Despite of difference of time period, the architectural features of Benjamin’ porosity is equivalent to Steven Holl’s approach with porosity concept. And further more, Steven Holl’s porosity concept is integrated with his phenomenological methodology and he provide an alternative of modern architecture for sustainable city.

스티븐 홀의 복합 프로젝트에 나타난 도시 다공성(多孔性:porosity) 접근 방식과 계획적 특성

김수미(Kim, Soomi) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.5

In the recent complex projects of Steven Holl, it tends to appear that phenomenological approaches in Holl’s architecture are extended to the urban scale and urban porosity has been represented. This could be led by long period"s experiments about porosity and architectural application of Menger"s Sponge theory. Along with this, multi complex projects in Steven Holl"s architecture were successfully accomplished representing various characteristics of urban porosity. Therefore, this study aims to find out Steven Holl’s approaches and planning characteristics based on urban porosity and with this, to review architectural and urban values. The results are as follows. Firstly, in the formal approaches, they showed that typological analysis referenced from the city with variously presenting urban porosity. Secondly, in the connecting way among the masses, connecting bridges with porosity were represented. Thirdly, phenomenological spaces were converged to the realm of urban environmental publicity connecting with the urban environmental issues.

현대문학 : 『화사집』에 나타난 "도시"의 담론 연구

박성현 ( Sung Hyun Park ) 겨레어문학회 2007 겨레어문학 Vol.38 No.-

1930년대 한국 시문학은 미당의 출현으로 새로운 전환기를 맞는다. 근대 자본주의의 물신성을 성과 속의 이율배반으로 극복하려는 『화사집』은 ``혼돈과 창조``, ``질서와 무의식``, ``금욕과 도덕적 원죄의식`` 등 양가성, 혹은 이율배반을 시작(詩作)으로 끌어들인 보기 드문 성과를 보이고 있다. 문제는 『화사집』에 나타나는 ``자기 갱신과 부정``의 이율배반이 "어떠한 현실적 준거를 통해서 담론화 과정을 거치는가?"라는 것이다. 이것에 대해 본고는 ``다공성(多孔性)``과 ``자본주의 물신성``이라는 개념을 통해 접근할 것이다. 자본주의 물신성에서 인간-주체는 세계로부터 소외된다. 인간 관계는 상품-화폐의 관계에 철저히 종속되며, 그때 인간적 가치는 왜곡된다. 신-인간의 관계는 상품-인간의 관계로 전락한 것이며, 이 둘의 관계는 사회의 모든 현상에 걸쳐 중첩된다. ``다공성(多孔性)``은 『화사집』에 나타난 영원과 순간, 윤리와 에로티시즘 등의 양가성을 설명하는 데 유용한 개념이다. 다공성은 공간적 경계와 구별 없음이고, 순간적으로 솟아나며, 또한 감춰져 있는 것을 드러낸다. 『화사집』의 이율배반은 우선 공적인 것과 사적인 것이 혼재된 상태로 전개되고 있고, 시간의 찰나성이 영원성으로 승화되는 과정이며, 이것을 통해 시에 감춰진 자본주의 물신성을 드러낸다. 이 과정에서 미당은 1930년대 서울의 자본주의적 물신성에 대한 일종의 대항담론을 시로 표현하고 있다. 자본주의 물신성에 대항해서, 그리고 다공성에 대해서 미당은 인간-주체의 문제를 끊임없이 제기하고, 나름대로 그 대항담론을 제시한다는 것. 이것이 바로 미당이 창조하는 세계의 내적 질서이다. 1930 Korea poetry-literature met a new switch to the appearance of Midang. Through antinomy of holy and profane to overcome capitalistic fetishism of a modern times capitalism, the Hwasajib drew ``the chaos and the creation``, ``the order and the unconsciousness``, and ``the abstinence and the moral original sin consciousness`` to the writing of poetry, showing the result which the example was rare. The question is that how antinomy such as ``the self-renewal and the negativeness`` involved in the Hwasajib, went through a discourse course and what reality conformity in. For this question, this essay will access through the conceptions of ``the porosity`` and ``the capitalistic fetishism``. In the capitalistic fetishism, the human-subject is estranged from the world. The human relation is thoroughly subordinate at the relation of a product-money and humane value is distorted then. The relation of the God-human is to fall to the relation of a product-human, then this two`s relation stretches at all phenomenon of the society and is piled one on the another up. The conception of ``the porosity`` is useful to explain about confronting meanings such as ``the eternity and the moment`` and ``the ethics and the eroticism`` and so on which appear in the Hwasajib. The porosity means that the distinction and the security of the space don`t exist, springing out ina moment and revealing come to hide. The antinomy in the Hwasajib, firstly, is unfolded to the things to be public and private which are loaded various goods together, and is the course which the moment of the time is sublimated to the eternity, finally, reveal the capitalistic fetishism coming to hide at poetry through this. In this course, Midang tried to do against-discourse for a kinds of Seoul of capitalistic fetishism in 1930s through his poetry. Midang tried to do against for the capitalistic fetishism and continuously presented the human-subject problem related to the porosity, and so introduced the against-discourse for those in his way. This is immediately the inside order of world which Midang created.

다공성 개념을 적용한 복합 상업공간 활성화에 관한 연구

강초이(제1저자) ( Cho Ie Kang ),유진형(교신저자) ( Jin Hyung Yoo ) 한국공간디자인학회 2015 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.10 No.6

(Background and Purpose)Currently, commercial spaces are gradually developing into more complex spaces meeting recreational and cultural needs of the users. Such spaces allow the users to express their consumption tendencies (which emphasize the usefulness of such spaces) as well as cultural tendencies influenced by the improvement of standard of living and the lifestyles changes caused by the five-day workweek culture and the increase in leisure time. Thus, public areas in a commercial space are receiving attention and various changes are being introduced to satisfy the psychological desires of consumers. However, there has been a continuous dispute over the effectiveness of commercial spaces due to the changes in their interiors that create a gap between those spaces, and due to the spatial changes that undermine the human-space relationship. Therefore, using the concept of porosity as an alternative approach to revamp complex commercial spaces , this study analyzes the newly dormant complex commercial spaces and suggests sustainable elements to be incorporated, by analyzing porous characteristics of the existing complex commercial spaces. This way, this study offers solutions to the detected problems. (Research method) First, the concept, characteristics, and components of complex commercial spaces were analyzed. Furthermore, the role of porosity in complex commercial spaces was examined according to a theoretical understanding of the concept and characteristics of porosity. Ten key spatial characteristics of porosity were selected based on which, the relationship of porosity with complex commercial spaces was established. Subsequently, the methods to revamp complex commercial spaces were suggested and applied to actual cases to test their effectiveness. Among several domestic and foreign complex commercial spaces, the ones that showed the characteristics of porosity, were undergoing a process of revamp, and enabled smooth communication with the users, were selected for a theoretical case analysis. By investigating complex commercial spaces in domestic metropolitan areas and foreign locations in the U.S.A. and Japan, the spatial components and characteristics of porosity were examined. Finally, the analysis findings were extracted as follows . (Results) It was found that domestic complex commercial spaces had various purposes, but their use was limited because of the vertical traffic flow system and the difficulty in approaching and attracting users. Furthermore, those spaces were inadequately connected with surrounding spaces, and hence were hard to use. To solve these problems, it is necessary to introduce a horizontal traffic line system and porous spaces. Foreign spaces, which were planned according to this idea, are considerably more functional and porous than the domestic spaces. (Conclusions) In conclusion, planning complex commercial spaces that are characterized by the spatial components and are based on the concept and characteristics of porosity, would help to improve the connectivity among the spaces and revamp them by giving them special spatial characteristics that set them apart from other spaces.

일본 전통 도시주거와 잠재성의 공간으로서의 ‘로지(路地)’에 관한 연구 – 도시공간의 ‘다공성’을 중심으로 -

박경애 한국기초조형학회 2019 기초조형학연구 Vol.20 No.3

The alleys as in-between spaces and the ordinary places provide potentials and possibilities that make diverse lifestyles. This study is aiming at investigating Japan's residential paradigm of the alleys sharing regional culture and history by seeking values of coexistence from 'Nagaya' and 'Roji' which are Japanese traditional urban residential space. Centering on the socio-cultural aspect of the relation between Nagaya and Roji focused on porosity, the process of this study is illustrated as follows: At first, it mentions Walter Benjamin's porosity and threshold of urban spaces as the theoretical background. Secondly, it clarifies social, spatiotemporal characteristic of the Japanese traditional streets as the prototype of the community. Thirdly, it examines the characteristics of Japan's traditional 'Shitamachi', Nagaya and Roji in terms of the vernacular community. Fourthly, it analyses the potentials of Roji as the liminal space and in-between space on behavior, place, and border from the viewpoint of porosity and threshold. As a result, the potentials of Roji as the community of urban residence are summarized as 1) the residential space of the sustainable lifestyle transferring the sense of identity and belonging as the physical image of communal rhythm, 2) the community of human scale providing integration and communication of residents as the place of communal memory based on slow life, 3) the community with the social·practical·cultural purposes formed by dynamics of relationship between residences and allies as an interface making interaction. In conclusion, it clarifies this study is meaningful in suggesting the future potentials of the alley in terms of porosity for urban residential space. 도시의 사이공간으로서 일상의 장소인 골목길은 다양한 삶의 풍경을 만드는 잠재성과 기회를 제공한다. 이 연구는 전통도시주거공간인 ‘나가야’와 ‘로지’로부터 지역문화와 역사를 공유하며 공생의 가치를 모색하는 일본의골목길 주거패러다임을 살펴보는 것을 목표로 한다. ‘다공성’을 공간 분석의 틀로 적용하여 전통의 삶에 기초한일본도시주거공간으로서 골목길의 잠재성에 대해 공간·사회적 측면에서 논하고자 하는 이 연구의 범위는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이론적 배경으로서, 발터 벤야민의 도시공간의 ‘다공성’과 ‘문지방’에 대해 살펴본다. 둘째, 커뮤니티의 원형으로서 일본 전통도시거리의 사회적·시공간적 특성을 고찰한다. 셋째, 일본도시주거의 공간 문화적측면으로서, 전통 시타마치의 구조 및 특성, 도시주거유형으로서의 나가야와 로지를 지역공동체라는 관점에서살펴본다. 넷째, 경계 공간, ‘시공간적 사이에 놓인 장소’로서 로지의 특성과 잠재성에 대해 ‘전통거리’, ‘시타마치’, ‘나가야’를 각각 ‘행위’, ‘장소’, ‘경계’의 세 측면을 중심으로 “도시공간의 다공성”의 관점에서 분석한다. 결론적으로, 도시주거의 커뮤니티로서 로지의 잠재성은 1) “공동체적 리듬”의 물리적 이미지로서 아이덴티티와소속감을 전달하는 지속적 라이프스타일의 주거 공간, 2) 슬로 라이프에 기초한 공동기억의 장소로서 주민들의통합과 커뮤니케이션을 제공하는 휴먼스케일의 커뮤니티, 3) 인터랙션이 발생하는 인터페이스로서 주거와 골목간 관계의 역학으로 형성된 사회적·실용적·문화적 목적의 공동체로서 요약될 수 있다. 이러한 과정으로부터 도시주거공간의 ‘다공성’이라는 논점에서 골목길의 미래의 초상에 대한 본 연구의 의의를 제시한다.

다공성 수직 벽이 풍속의 저감에 미치는 영향에 대한 수치 해석적 연구

박서원(Seo Won Park),정회범(Hoi Beom Jung),전병진(Byoung Jin Jeon),최형권(Hyoung Gwon Choi),이명호(Myeong Ho Lee) 대한기계학회 2020 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.44 No.8

본 논문에서는 다공성을 가지는 수직형 방풍 펜스의 바람 저감 효과를 수치 해석적으로 분석하였다. 수치 해석에는 비정렬 격자계를 사용하여 비압축성 2차원 k-e 난류 모델을 사용하였고, 여러 다공률을 가지는 세 가지 높이의 펜스에 대한 유동장을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 고려한 세 가지 높이의 펜스의 경우 다공률 약 40%일 때 펜스 높이의 1/2지점을 따라 흐르는 주유동 방향의 속도는 다공률의 임계값에서 입구 속도보다 약 6배 정도 작다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 속도가 감소되는 영역은 펜스 높이의 20배 정도로 나타났다. In this study, the effect of a vertical porous fence on wind speed reduction was numerically investigated. The numerical simulations were conducted based on the two-dimensional equation of turbulent flow. Unstructured grid was employed to solve the flow field using the k-e model for three fence heights of several porosities. It was found that the streamwise wind speed behind along the half height of the fence is about six times smaller than that of inlet velocity at the critical value of porosity. which is around 40 for the three heights considered. The reduction in wind speed was found to be approximately twenty times that in the fence height.

집진 및 탈취율 개선을 위한 다공판 스크러버 개발 및 IPA 처리효율 시뮬레이션

박훈민(Park Hoon Min),윤달환(Yoon Dal Hwan),정현민(Jung Hyun Min),민흥기(Min Heung Gi),전동환(Jeon Dong Hwan) 사단법인 안전문화포럼 2021 안전문화연구 Vol.- No.13

다공판 스크러버는 반도체 회사, 금속표면처리 회사, 화학섬유회사 등에서 사용하는 플랜트의 배출단계에서 오염물질(Air Pollution)을 액막이나 기포 등으로 세정함으로써 온실가스 및 미세먼지를 저감하는 장치이다. 세정 집진장치인 다공판 스크루버는 유수식, 회전식 및 가압수식으로 분류된다. 세정 집진장치의 일반적인 포집원리는 액적에 입자가 충돌하여 부착되거나, 미립자 확산에 의한 입자간 응집, 배기가스의 수증기 분사에 의한 입자간 응집, 입자를 중심으로 증기의 응결 및 응집성을 촉진하거나, 액막 및 기포에 입자가 접촉하여 부착하는 방식 등이 있다. 본 연구에서 사용하는 세정 집진장치는 가장 널리 사용하는 가압수식에 관한 것으로, 내부의 순환수를 이용하여 수용성배출가스를 순환수에 용해하고 약품으로 중화시켜 외부로 배출시킨다. 이러한 습식 세정집진장치는 액적, 액막 및 기포 등에 의해 포함된 가스나 오염물질 등을 입자에 부착시키거나 입자 상호간의 응집을 촉진시켜 입자를 분리시키는 기능을 수행한다. 최근 국제해사기구 IMO(International Maritime Organization)는 이러한 스크러버를 사용하는 선박에게도 탈황 후처리 문제 및 공해상 오염물질 배출을 강화하고 있다. 정부가 국제해사기구(IMO)의 황 함유량 법적 강화조치를 수용하기 위해 ‘해양환경관리법’ 시행령 개정과 ‘항만지역등 대기질 개선에 관한 특별법’ 시행을 통해 황 함유량 기준이 0.5%, 인천 등 배출규제해역에서는 0.1%로 대폭 강화하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 가스, 먼지, 용해도가 높은 유해가스(VOCs) 및 화학물질 등의 오염물질을 습식으로 처리하는 다공판 스크러버(Scrubber)의 개선과 IPA 처리효율 시뮬레이션 방법을 제안한다. 다공판 스크러버의 설계 효율을 위한 가공율 및 생산원가 절감요소를 개선하기 위하여 모듈의 설계를 개선하고, IPA는 중요한 실행 성능요소 등으로 다공판 스크러버의 효율 특성을 분석함으로써 효율적인 시스템설계에 적용할 수 있다. A perforated plate scrubber is a device that reduces greenhouse gases and fine dust by cleaning air pollutants with liquid films or bubbles in the discharge stage of plants used by semiconductor companies, metal surface treatment companies, and chemical fiber companies. The perforated plate scrubber, which is a cleaning dust collector, is classified into a flowing water type, a rotary type and a pressurized water type. The general collection principle of the cleaning dust collector is that particles collide and adhere to the droplets, agglomeration between particles by particle diffusion, agglomeration between particles by vapor injection of exhaust gas, promote condensation and cohesiveness of steam around the particles, or liquid film. and a method in which particles contact and adhere to the bubble. The cleaning and dust collector used in this study relates to the most widely used pressurized water type, and by using the internal circulating water, the aqueous exhaust gas is dissolved in the circulating water, neutralized with a chemical, and discharged to the outside. Such a wet cleaning and dust collector performs a function of separating particles by attaching gas or contaminants contained by droplets, liquid films, and air bubbles to particles or promoting aggregation between particles. Recently, the International Maritime Organization(IMO) is strengthening the problem of post-desulfurization treatment and the discharge of pollutants in the high seas even for ships using such scrubbers. According to the IPA, the government revised the Enforcement Decree of the Marine Environment Management Act and the Special Act on Air Quality Improvement in Port Areas, etc. This 0.5%, and 0.1% in the emission control areas such as Incheon, are greatly strengthened. In this paper, we propose an improvement of a perforated plate scrubber that wetly treats pollutants such as gas, dust, highly soluble VOCs and chemicals, and a method for simulating IPA treatment efficiency. By improving the module design and manufacturing area design to improve the processing rate and production cost reduction factors for the design efficiency of the perforated plate scrubber, IPA is able to evaluate the efficiency characteristics of the perforated plate scrubber based on the relatively given importance and performance factors. By analyzing it, it can be applied to efficient system design. We have compared the existed packing scrubber with the porous plate scrubber, which obtained the raised efficient of the manufacturing rate and the reduced production cost with the modified porous plate scrubber. Through the reformed porous plate scrubber module with an airflow quantity, 1,200 , the IPA have simulated the relative importance and performance average values of centered data, like fume, mist and dust.

다공성 매질의 물리적 특성 변화에 따른 유체흐름의 비선형 거동에 대한 수치적 분석

정우창 한국수자원학회 2017 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.50 No.5

본 연구에서는 다공성 매질의 공극율과 투수능 그리고 유체의 동점성 계수와 같은 물리적 특성에 따른 유체흐름의 비선형 거동에 대한 수치적 분 석을 수행하였다. 적용된 수치모형은 ANSYS CFX 3차원 유동해석 모형이며, 모형의 검증은 기존의 물리적 실험 결과 및 수치모의 결과의 적용을 통해 수행되었으며, 적용된 압력경사와 유속과의 관계 그리고 마찰계수와 레이놀즈 수와의 관계에 대해 비교적 잘 일치하였다. 다공성 매질의 공극 율과 투수능 그리고 유체의 동점성 계수의 값을 변화시키면서 모의한 결과 유체의 동점성 계수가 다공성 매질의 유체흐름의 비선형 거동에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. In this study, the numerical investigation of the non-linear behavior of the fluid flow with physical properties, such as porosity and intrinsic permeability of a porous medium, and kinematic viscosity of a fluid, are carried out. The applied numerical model is ANSYS CFX which is the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model and this model is verified through the application of existing physical and numerical results. As a result of the verification, the results of the pressure gradient-velocity relationship and the friction coefficient- Reynolds number relationship produced from this study show relatively good agreement with those from existing physical and numerical experiments. As a result of the simulation by changing the porosity and intrinsic permeability of a porous medium and the kinematic viscosity of a fluid, the kinematic viscosity has the biggest effect on the non-linear behavior of the fluid flow in the porous medium.

현대건축의 다공성과 반투명성

김하나(Kim, Ha-Na),조용수(Cho, Yong-Soo) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.37 No.2

The pluralistic diversity pursued in contemporary architecture provides a vibrant architecture that can give a variety of visual, psychological and physical experiences and impressions, which changes the way of looking at current buildings and expands the boundaries. The expansion of the boundaries in architecture is established in various ways, such as boundary blurring, the interpenetration of boundaries, and etc. Recently, the porosity of the cover around Steven Hall also appears as a representative method of boundary expansion in architecture. Porous planes and spaces create a new image as a component of visual and sensory and become a translucent contemporary architectural design method that shows possibility as a carrier to try various communications with cities and viewers.

다공성과 도시읽기에 관한 연구

박규현,조용수 대한건축학회지회연합회 2012 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.1