중학교 체육교사의 투기 도전활동 수업 개선에 관한 사례연구

윤현수(Youn, Hyun-Su) 한국체육교육학회 2016 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.21 No.2

이 연구에서는 두 명의 중학교 체육교사가 투기 도전활동 수업을 개선해 가는 사례를 기술하고 그 과정에서 드러나는 수업 개선 전략을 심층적으로 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 수도권의‘대한’중학교에 근무하는 두 명의 체육교사가 2015년 3월부터 5월까지 실시했던 투기 도전활동 수업개선 사례이다. 자료는 정보제공자와의 면담, 수업 참여관찰, 관련 문화적 인공물을 중심으로 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 사례 내 분석을 통한 사례에 대한 사실적 기술과 사례 간 분석을 통하여 의미를 부여하는 해석적 기술을 병행하였다. 연구의 진실성은 자료의 다각도 검증, 연구과정 및 결과에 대한 동료 간 검토, 연구결과에 대한 연구참여자 확인, 연구결과로 제시하지 않은 예외적 사례 검토를 통해 확보되었다. 권’교사의 복싱수업은 신체활동량 증가와 재미를 추구하는 커리큘럼으로 구성되었다. 이에 반해 유’교사의 유도수업은 바른 태도와 안전을 추구하는 커리큘럼으로 구성되었다. 이러한 두 연구참여자의 투기 도전활동 수업은 3가지 전략에 의해서 개선되었다. 첫째, 모델링 되는 교사나 프로그램을 모방하는 전략을 사용했다. 둘째, 투기 도전활동가 행해지는 공간에 의미를 부여해 장소화하는 전략을 사용했다. 셋째, 학생들의 마음을 읽고 공감하는 노력을 통해서 투기 도전활동 수업을 수행하는 전략을 사용했다. Purpose: In this case study, the experience of 2 secondary school physical education teachers combat challenge sports class is described. An investigate study on revealed class improvement strategy. Methods: This is a case study of combat challenge sports class improvement made from March 2015 to May 2015 by 2 physical education teachers working at ’Daehan’ secondary school. Data were collected, using an unstructured interview with study participants, participant observation, and related cultural artefacts. A factual description of the collected data through within-analysis and their interpretive description giving a meaning through cross-case analysis was made at the same time. Results: The boxing class of teacher ’Kwon’ began with finding a modeling teacher. The curriculum approach in pursuing fun and an increase in the amount of physical activity was realized in the class through a mix of direct instruction model and interactive teaching style. Judo class of teacher ’Yoo’ began with participating in a free semester system. The curriculum approach in pursuing good behavior and safety was realized in the class through demonstration lesson and preventive classroom management strategy. Conclusion: These 2 research participants’ combat challenge sports class was improved by 3 strategies. First, a strategy of imitating the model teacher or program was used. Second, a place-making strategy by assigning meaning to a space where combat challenge sports was done was used. Third, a strategy of teaching combat challenge sports class through empathy and reading students’ mind was used.

The Challenge of Arbitral Awards in Pakistan

Sohaib Mukhtar 한국중재학회 2017 중재연구 Vol.27 No.1

An arbitrator in Pakistan is required to file an arbitral award in a civil court of competent jurisdiction for its recognition and enforcement if an arbitral award is domestic or before the concerned High Court if the arbitral award is international. The court of law is required to issue a decree upon submitted arbitral award if an interested party do not apply for modification or remission of an arbitral award and do not challenge it for setting it aside or for revocation of its recognition and enforcement within a prescribed time limit. The challenging process of an arbitral award can be started by the aggrieved party of an arbitration agreement at the seat of arbitration or at the place where recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award is sought. The aggrieved party to an arbitration agreement is required to challenge an arbitral award within a prescribed time limit if contracting parties have not excluded the right to challenge an arbitral award. Limitation for challenging an arbitral award in Pakistan is 30 days under article 158 of the Limitation Act 1908, starting from the date of service of notice of filling of an arbitral award before the court of law. Generally, 90 days are given for an appeal against decision of the civil court of law under section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, it is therefore highly recommended that challenging time of an arbitral award should be increased from 30 to 90 days.

The Challenge of Arbitral Awards in Pakistan

Mukhtar, Sohaib,Mastoi, Shafqat Mahmood Khan The Korean Association of Arbitration Studies 2017 중재연구 Vol.27 No.1

An arbitrator in Pakistan is required to file an arbitral award in a civil court of competent jurisdiction for its recognition and enforcement if an arbitral award is domestic or before the concerned High Court if the arbitral award is international. The court of law is required to issue a decree upon submitted arbitral award if an interested party do not apply for modification or remission of an arbitral award and do not challenge it for setting it aside or for revocation of its recognition and enforcement within a prescribed time limit. The challenging process of an arbitral award can be started by the aggrieved party of an arbitration agreement at the seat of arbitration or at the place where recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award is sought. The aggrieved party to an arbitration agreement is required to challenge an arbitral award within a prescribed time limit if contracting parties have not excluded the right to challenge an arbitral award. Limitation for challenging an arbitral award in Pakistan is 30 days under article 158 of the Limitation Act 1908, starting from the date of service of notice of filling of an arbitral award before the court of law. Generally, 90 days are given for an appeal against decision of the civil court of law under section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, it is therefore highly recommended that challenging time of an arbitral award should be increased from 30 to 90 days.

조선후기 '위핍률(威逼律)'의 적용과 다산 정약용의 대민관(對民觀)

김호(Kim, Ho) 한국역사연구회 2013 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.87

Examined in this article is the criticism Dasan Jeong Yak-yong had upon the general population’s challenge of the social order during the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty. From early on, the Joseon government aspired to establish self-supervising moral community defined by Neo-Confucianism, throughout the country. The policy of “suppressing the strong and assisting the weak(抑强副弱)” was also part of that effort. It required the local “Sajok” literati to take on a moral responsibility, in order to prevent them from abusing their power. The spirit of this policy is also reflected in the “Wi’pib-ryul,” which was a penal rule for criminal acts of “blatantly oppressing the weak.” This rule intended to force the offender, who happened to oppress a weak person even to the extent of his or her death, to pay the price for that crime, and therefore protect the weak while punishing the strong. Coming into the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty, this “suppressing the strong and assisting the weak” policy, utilizing regulations including the aforementioned “Wi’pib-ryul,” was considerably reinforced. Then in the meantime, the general policy of “oppressing the strong” unintentionally made some room for rather unforeseen new practices, in which the weak people would challenge the authority of the people in higher social statuses. These increasing challenges started to spin out of control, and were labelled as an act of ‘challenging [an authority] beyond one’s place(犯分).’ Dasan Jeong Yak-yong critically argued that the policy to punish the strong ones’ immoral actions was being ‘abused’ by the people who were at the end of the social food chain, and that those people were trying to take advantage of the policy in a rather violent fashion. He also argued that the immoral actions and violence of those lower people, which could cause severe disruptions to the social order and stability, should be punished as well. At the time, there were people who would resort to committing suicide even at the most slightest insult or discomfort. According to him, acknowledging and therefore approving such abuses would definitely invite social disorder. Dasan Jeong Yak-yong tried to suppress these improper challenges of the public, by emphasizing the fact that it was not at all an easy task to earn a moral ground to become a political part of self-supervising moral communities, and that the task was not for everyone. But it was not like that he would only criticize the immorality of the people below. In fact, he did want to stress the fact that the most effective if not only solution to the social problem of the people’s “challenging beyond one’s place,” was the restoration of the morality of the Sajok literati.