Hens immunized with live attenuated Salmonella strains expressing virulence-associated genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli passively transfer maternal antibodies to chicks

Won, Gayeon,Lee, John Hwa The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2016 대한수의학회지 Vol.56 No.3

We investigated whether maternal antibodies (mAbs) elicited by dams immunized with recombinant vaccine candidates against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can passively confer protective immunity to chicks. In the present study, pBP244 plasmids carrying selected antigens of APEC were transformed into Salmonella Typhimurium JOL912, which was used as a vaccine candidate against APEC. The hens were immunized with the vaccine candidates using prime or booster doses. The levels of IgG and sIgA specific to the selected antigens increased significantly following prime immunization. To evaluate the persistence of passively transferred mAbs, the levels of IgY and IgA were determined in egg yolks and whites, respectively. The eggs from the immunized group showed consistently increased levels of IgY and IgA until week 16 post-laying (PL) and week 8 PL, respectively, relative to the control group. The presence of mAbs was observed in chicks that hatched from the hens, and titers of plasma IgY were consistently raised in those from the immunized hens by day 14 post-hatching. Further, chicks from the immunized hens were protected from challenge with a virulent APEC strain, whereas those from non-immunized hens showed acute mortality.

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to FimA of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Their Inhibitory Activity on Bacterial Binding

Koh, Eun-Mi,Kim, Ju,Lee, Jin-Yong,Kim, Tae-Geum The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2009 Immune Network Vol.9 No.5

Background: The FimA of Porphyromonas gingivalis is a crucial pathogenic component of the bacteria and has been implicated as a target for vaccine development against the periodontal diseases. Methods: In this study, the purified fimbriae (FimA subunit polymers) protein was used for immunization in their native form and B hybridoma clones producing antibodies specific to FimA were established. Results: The monoclonal antibodies prepared from selected two clones, designated #123 (IgG2b/ kappa) and #265 (IgG1/kappa), displayed different patterns of binding activity against the cognate antigen. Both antibodies reacted with conformational epitopes expressed by partially dissociated oligomers, but not with monomer as elucidated by Western blot analysis. Ascites fluid containing the monoclonal antibodies showed the inhibitory activity against P. gingivalis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads, an in vitro model for the pellicle-coated tooth surface. Conclusion: These results suggest that the monoclonal antibodies could be used as vaccine material against the periodontal diseases through passive immunization.

Immune response and efficacy of pigeon pox virus vaccine and fowl pox virus vaccine in chickens

Shil, Niraj Kanti,Rahman, Md Siddique,Hossain, M.T.,Islam, M.T.,Rahman, M.M.,Islam, K.B.M. Saiful,Cha, Se-Yeoun,Jang, Hyung-Kwan,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2007 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.30 No.4

The humoral immune response of chicken vaccinated with fowl and pigeon pox virus vaccines was determined with the protective potentiality of the two vaccines in field condition of Bangladesh. Different aged Fayoumi chicks were subjected for the study. To assess the relationship with better immune response among experimental groups, the average percentage of 'take reaction' was examined and recorded to 97.77% in group A, 93.33% in group B and 100.0% in group C. The level of immune status induced by different vaccinated group was measured by passive hemagglutination (PHA) microplate test method. The mean PHA titer levels after primary vaccination were $33.06{\pm}14.13$ in group A, $32.0{\pm}14.81$ in group B, and $33.0{\pm}13.66$ in group C. Following booster vaccination, the mean PHA titer levels in prior of challenge were increased to $55.46{\pm}14.64$ in groups A and C, and $46.93{\pm}16.52$ in group B. The recorded PHA titer levels of each group at two weeks after challenge were significantly increased to $106.66{\pm}31.22$, $93.86{\pm}33.04$ and $110.93{\pm}29.29$, respectively. The PHA titer levels after vaccination and challenge were significantly increased compared to pre-vaccination titer levels (P<0.01). Although the PHA titer levels among three groups administrated different vaccine combinations in prior of challenge were significantly varied (P<0.01), it was observed that all of the vaccinated chicks were highly protected against challenge infection.

Immune response and efficacy of pigeon pox virus vaccine and fowl pox virus vaccine in chickens

( Niraj Kanti Shil ),( Md Siddique Rahman ),( MT Hossain ),( MT Islam ),( MM Rahman ),( KBM Saiful Islam ),( Se Yeoun Cha ),( Hyung Kwan Jang ),( Hee Jong Song ) 한국동물위생학회 2007 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.30 No.4

The humoral immune response of chicken vaccinated with fowl and pigeon pox virus vaccines was determined with the protective potentiality of the two vaccines in field condition of Bangladesh. Different aged Fayoumi chicks were subjected for the study. To assess the relationship with better immune response among experimental groups, the average percentage of ``take reaction`` was examined and recorded to 97.77% in group A, 93.33% in group B and 100.0% in group C. The level of immune status induced by different vaccinated group was measured by passive hemaggluti?nation(PHA) microplate test method. The mean PHA titer levels after primary vaccination were 33.06±14.13 in group A, 32.0±14.81 in group B, and 33.0±13.66 in group C. Following booster vaccination, the mean PHA titer levels in prior of challenge were increased to 55.46±14.64 in groups A and C, and 46.93±16.52 in group B. The recorded PHA titer levels of each group at two weeks after challenge were significantly increased to 106.66±31.22, 93.86±33.04 and 110.93±29.29, respectively. The PHA titer levels after vaccination and challenge were significantly increased compared to pre?vaccination titer levels(P<0.01). Although the PHA titer levels among three groups administrated different vaccine combinations in prior of challenge were significantly varied(P<0.01), it was observed that all of the vaccinated chicks were highly protected against challenge infection.

The Effects of Somatotropin Passive Immunization on Milk Yield, Plasma Hormone and Metabolite Concentrations in Rats

Sun, S.S.,Jang, K.,Kuk, K.,Myung, K.H.,Choi, Y.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.3

The objectives of this study were to measure growth rate and endocrine changes and to improve milk production by somatostatin passive immunization in rat. Experimental animals were 10 weeks old 20 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned each 10 in control (normal sheep serum injected: NSS) and treatment (anti-somatostatin injected), and pre-fed for 2 weeks. Anti-somatostatin was purified from serum of 1 year old sheep after somatostatin active immunization, and was injected daily to rats, and growth rate and milk yield were measured for 14 days. Growth rate of litters was 2.15 g/d and 2.32 g/d in NSS and anti-somatostatin injected, respectively. Milk production was increased 6.2% in day 8 and 6.5% in day 12 by anti-somatostatin injection. Plasma growth hormone, insulin, glucose, and urea-N were increased, but non-esterified fatty acid was decreased by anti-somatostatin injection. In summary, passive immunization of somatostatin improved growth rate of litters and milk production in rats.

소 면역혈청을 이용한 초유 이행 부전 송아지의 치료 효과

이정선 ( Jung Sun Lee ),강문일 ( Mun Il Kang ),정용운 ( Yong Un Chung ),이채용 ( Chai Yong Lee ),한동운 ( Dong Un Han ),위성환 ( Sung Hwan Wee ),윤소라 ( So Rah Yoon ),조재진 ( Jae Jin Cho ),강주원 ( Ju Won Kang ) 한국동물위생학회 2008 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.31 No.4

The efficacy of bovine immune sera to correct the calves with failure of passive transfer (FPT) was evaluated. Immune sera were produced from 14 one-year-old Holstein cattle which were inoculated commercial combined viral vaccine, administered by the challenge of some main enteric or respiratory viruses, aseptically filtered and stored at 4℃ before used. After the treatment of bovine immune sera, Mean transfer factor(㎎/㎗ of IgG administered/㎏ of body weight) was 5.46±2.74, 11.17±1.27, 1.40±0.21 in K-IP, H-IP and K-IV group, respec-tively. The corrective effect of bovine immune sera to FPT calf without any clinical signs showed that intravenous route was more effective than intraperitoneal administration(P<0.01). FPT calves with severe signs were not effective response to the immunotherapy used and consequently died within 10 days after the treatment. Ten percentage of controls appeared the clinical signs including diarrhea. On the contrary, there were not any clinical signs in K-IP and H-IV group. There was significant increase of the neutralizing titer against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine coronavirus as well as of cell population including CD2, CD4, and monocyte in K-IP and H-IV group after the immunotherapy(P<0.05). Also, K-IP and H-IV group showed the successful correction to FPT within one week after the immunotherapy, but controls had kept the FPT two-four weeks even after the same treatment. Consequently, the results were suggesting that the bovine immune sera could be used the corrective tool to young calves with FPT.

Reproductive fecundity of Iraqi Awassi ewes immunized against synthetic inhibin-α subunit or steroid-free bovine follicular fluid

Al-Sa'aidi, Jabbar Abbas Ahmed,Khudair, Khalisa Khadim,Khafaji, Sura Safi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.8

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the impacts of active and passive immunization against synthetic inhibin and steroid-free bovine follicular fluid, respectively, on reproductive fecundity out of breeding season in Iraqi Awassi ewes. Methods: Follicular fluid was aspired from mature bovine follicles, treated with activated charcoal, and used for immunization of male rabbits for obtaining steroid free bovine follicular fluid (SFBFF) antiserum. Forty non-pregnant Awassi ewes were allocated into 4 groups (n = 10 each). At day 38 of experiment, ewes were treated with intra-vaginal MPA sponge (60 mg for 12 days). At days 0, 28, and 50, ewes were treated with 4, 2, and 2 mL of normal saline (control; C-ve), 400, 200, and $200{\mu}g$ of ovalbumin (C+ve), 400, 200 and $200{\mu}g$ of inhibin (SI group), respectively, and 4 mL of normal saline at day 0, and 4 and 2 mL of SFBFF antiserum at days 28 and 50, respectively, (AI group). After mating with Awassi rams, pregnancy and embryo number were diagnosed, at day 38 of pregnancy, using ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected at days 30, 60, 90, and 120 of pregnancy, for assessment of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. After parturition, numbers of delivered lambs were recorded. Results: The results revealed significant increase of P4 and significant decrease of E2 levels in SI and AI pregnant ewes than controls at days 30, 60, 90, and 120. Newborn number increased significantly in SI and AI treated than control ewes. Conclusion: Active or passive immunization against endogenous inhibin could augment reproductive fecundity out of breeding season in Iraqi Awassi ewes.

Comparison of Immune Status Using Diagnosis of Failure of Passive Transfer in Healthy and Sick Horse Population : A Pilot Study

양재혁,Yang, J. Korea National University of Agriculture and Fishe 2020 현장농수산연구지 Vol.22 No.1

The current study is the first paper on FPT(failure of passive transfer) of horse population in Korea. The object of this study was to comparison of immune status normal and patient horses. Failure of passive transfer is the most common immunodeficiency disorder of horses. Twenty-two foals and 18 horses from Jeju of the equine hospital were diagnosed with the SNAP Foal IgG Test Kit. All adult horses had normal immune functions (≥800 mg/dl). Thirteen of the 22 newborn babies (59%; ∠800 mg/dl) had a weak immune function but recovered and survived after treatment. Nine of these 22 are horses with strong immunity (≥800 mg/dl), indicating that high IgG concentrations in the blood can cause infectious diseases. There were a total of six dead, four of which were infectious diseases. In addition, early identification of infectious diseases in newborn foals is expected to help prepare systematic health management measures for the development of the disease.

한우 송아지의 초유섭취에 의한 수동면역이 포유기간 중의 질병발생에 미치는 영향

김두,한홍율,Kim, Doo,Han, Hong-ryul 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

The effects of the serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels of the colostrumconferred Korean native calves at 2 days of age on the disease incidence during the suckling period were studied. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM levels of 6 Korean native claves died from septicemia were lower than those of calves survived (p<0.05). 2. Korean native calves having low serum total protein and immunoglobulins were affected with diarrhea earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 3. Korea native calves having low serum total protein were affected with bronchopneumonia earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 4. Korean native calves having low serum neutralizing antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus had high incidence rate of BVD, when compared with calves having high serum neutralizing antibody titers (p<0.05).

적극행정 실현의 헌법적 의미와 과제

김연식(Kim, Youn-Sik) 한국비교공법학회 2021 공법학연구 Vol.22 No.3

오늘날 급변하는 행정 환경은 행정 관료에게 기존에 정해진 매뉴얼과 관성을 뛰어넘는 창의력과 능동적 태도를 요구한다. 하지만 정치 지배적인 한국 행정 문화와 관료 조직의 구조적 문제가 공무원의 소극성을 강화하고 있다. 적극행정은 이러한 현실을 타개하는 대안으로 논의되어 법정화되었다. 적극행정 법정화는 적극행정 정책의 획기적 전환점을 마련하는 계기가 되었지만, 적극행정이 헌법을 준거로 한 기존 법체계 속에 다시 검토되어야 할 필요를 불러일으키는 계기가 되기도 하였다. 적극행정은 헌법 제7조에 근거한 공무원의 책임에서 파생되는 공익실현의무라는 관점에서 이해되어야 한다. 공익 실현을 하나의 연속적 과정으로 이해할 때 공익은 입법에 의해 그 대략적 윤곽이 설정되지만, 행정에 의해 최대화되고, 사법에 의해 공익실현과 남용의 경계가 그어진다. 이러한 공익실현 구조 속에서 적극행정 실현은 법적으로 강제되는 공익실현의무인 성실의무를 뛰어넘어 공무원에게 부과되는 자발적인 도덕 의무 즉 공직윤리 영역이라고 볼 수 있다. 이때 적극행정 관련 법령은 도덕(윤리) 영역을 법제화하는 정책 수단이다. 따라서 공무원 개인이 자발적으로 의무를 이행하게 촉진하고 장려하도록 국가에 책무를 부여하는 조항으로 이해해야 한다. 이러한 맥락에서 적극행정을 법적으로 강제하려고 소극행정을 문책하는 현행 제도는 오히려 역효과를 불러일으킬 가능성이 크다. 한편에서는, 적극행정 장려 정책이 행정이 공익실현을 독점하도록 허용해 그 결과 권력 남용 수단으로 전락하지 않도록 주의해야 한다. 특히, 적극행정 징계 면책제도가 공무원의 국가배상책임 감경 제도와 결합하여 위법적 행정 작용을 정당화 수단으로 악용되거나 공무원의 위법적 일탈을 방관하지 않도록 해야 한다. 갈수록 선제적이고 신속한 행정 대처가 요구되는 행정 현실에서는 그만큼 적극행정에 대한 법치주의적 감시 역시 중요하기 때문이다. Today, civil servants must have creativity and proactive attitudes in response to the rapidly changing public administrative environment. However, the politically dominated administrative culture and the chronic structural problems of bureaucratism are strengthening the passivity of civil servants in Korea. In these veins, the idea of proactive administration has been discussed and institutionalised as an alternative to overcome the current problem in Korean public administration. While the proactive administration policy has set a milestone through its legalisation, it needs more concrete scrutiny from a legal perspective. Namely, it will discuss whether proactive administration can be compatible with the existing legal system based on the constitution. Proactive administration should be understood in the meaning of Article 7 of the Constitution, which prescribes that the civil servant is a servant for the people as a whole. The constitution requires the civil servant’s commitment to the public interest. Understanding commitment to the public interest as a continuous process, the public interest is outlined by legislation but maximised by the administration. The boundary between public interest and abuse of state power is drawn by judicial law. In this realisation structure, the realisation of proactive administration can be seen as a voluntary ethical duty imposed on public officials beyond the legally enforced duty of fidelity. The statutes for proactive administration should be understood as a policy means to judificate moral areas, giving the nation a responsibility to promote and encourage individual civil servants to fulfil their duties for commitment to the public interest voluntarily. In this context, the current system of reprimanding passive administration to enforce proactive administration legally is likely to backfire. In addition, efforts should be made to prevent the policy of encouraging proactive administration from monopolising the realisation process of public interest and abusing the state powers. In particular, caution should be taken to ensure that the discipline immunity system for the proactive administration, combined with the state tort liability system for individual civil servants, is not abused as a means of justification or neglecting civil servants’ illegal deviations. In this context, the rule of law should monitor and control proactive administration; this function will be more critical in the future when more proactive and prompt administrative measures by the executive are needed in the current risk society.