안정시, 운동중 및 회복기의 단련자와 비단련자의 자율신경 활동 비교

공미애,김종식,강희성 한국운동생리학 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 안정시, 운동중 및 그리고 회복기간 동안의 자율신경 활동를 직접 측정하고 이를 단련자와 비단련자 사이에 비교하는 데 있다. 피검자는 대학 여자 육상경기 중.장거리 선수 5명과 일반 여자대학생 5명이다. 자율신경계 활성도 측정을 위하여 Nerve Express 2.2.(HEART RHYTHM INSTRUMENTS, INC. USA)를 사용하여 Nerve-Monitor Test를 실시하였다. ECG의 192 R-R intervals로부터 파워스펙트럼 분석(power spectral analysis)하여, 자율신경계 활성도를 측정하였다. 그리고 720kpm(2kp×6m×60rpm)의 자전거 erogmeter 운동중 1단계에서 5단계까지, 회복기 1단계에서 6단계까지 자율신경계 활성도를 측정하였다. ECG의 192 R-R intervals 측정에 걸리는 시간은 사람에 따라 다르며, 2-4분에 이루어 졌다. 얻어진 결과는 1. 안정시 교감신경계 활성도는 NA 집단이 1.0±0.60, A 집단이 -0.4±1.20으로 NA 집단이 높게 나타났으며, 부교감신경계의 활성도는 반대로 A 집단이 1.6±1.50, NA 집단이 0.4±1.20으로 A 집단이 높게 나타났다. 2. 운동을 시작하면 1단계부터 교감신경은 두 집단 모두 +4까지지 높아지고, 그 경향이 운동 종료시까지 지속되었다. 부교감신경계는 NA 집단은 운동 1단계에서 큰 변화가 없었지만(0.4±1.2→0.4±1.30), A 집단에서는 빠르게 감소되었(1.6±1.50→0.6±1.02). 그 이후에는 두집단 모두 -4를 유지하였다. 3. 운동이 끝나면 A 집단은 교감신경의 활성도가 빠르게 낮아져 회복기 3단계에서는 0.64±0.43으로 안정시와 차이가 없다. 이에 대하여 NA 집단은 회복속도가 느리고 높게 유지되었다(1.8 이상). 부교감신경은 반대로 A 집단에서는 회복기 1단계에서 이미 빠르게 회복된 반면, NA 집단에서는 회복기간 내내 회복되지 못하고 낮은 수준을 유지하였다(-2.0). 결론적으로 단련자는 안정시 부교감신경의 활성도가 우위를 차지하고 운동중 및 회복기에 회복이 비단련자에 비하여 빠르다. 이것이 단련자의 안정시 서맥 및 운동중 심박수 감소 및 회복기에 빠른 회복을 설명할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of autonomic nerve activity between trained and untrained at rest, during exercise, and recovery period. Five middle and long distance runners and five general female students were selected as subjects. Autonomic nerve activities were measured with ECG 192 R-R intervals by using "NERVE EXPRESS 2.2.)Heart Rhythm Instruments, Inc. USA)" at rest, during exercise, and recovery period. Results obtained were as follows: 1. At rest, the level of parasymapthetic nerve activity of trained were higher than that of untrained. But sympathetic nerve activity level were higher in untrained. 2. During exercise, the level of sympathetic nerve activity increased highly in both groups. On the contrary parasympathetic nerve activity indicated rapid withdrawal. The speed of parasympathetic withdrawal was more faster in trained. 3. During recovery period, the recovery speed of parasympathetic nerve activity was more higher in trained. But the recovery speed of sympathetic nerve activity was more slower in untrained. It is concluded that trained indicated dominant parasympathetic nerve activity at rest and more faster withdrawal during exercise and more rapid recovery after cessation of exercise. This mechanism can explain the bradycardia in trained at rest, during exercise. and during recover period.

Human nasociliary nerve with special reference to its unique parasympathetic cutaneous innervation

Fumio Hosaka,Masahito Yamamoto,Kwang Ho Cho,Hyung Suk Jang,Gen Murakami,Shin-ichi Abe 대한해부학회 2016 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.49 No.2

The frontal nerve is characterized by its great content of sympathetic nerve fibers in contrast to cutaneous branches of the maxillary and mandibular nerves. However, we needed to add information about composite fibers of cutaneous branches of the nasociliary nerve. Using cadaveric specimens from 20 donated cadavers (mean age, 85), we performed immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The nasocilliary nerve contained abundant nNOS-positive fibers in contrast to few TH- and VIP-positive fibers. The short ciliary nerves also contained nNOS-positive fibers, but TH-positive fibers were more numerous than nNOSpositive ones. Parasympathetic innervation to the sweat gland is well known, but the original nerve course seemed not to be demonstrated yet. The present study may be the first report on a skin nerve containing abundant nNOS-positive fibers. The unique parasympathetic contents in the nasocilliary nerve seemed to supply the forehead sweat glands as well as glands in the eyelid and nasal epithelium.

뇌체조와 음악줄넘기 프로그램 적용에 따른 초등학생의 공격성과 자율신경의 변화

김순하 ( Soon Ha Kim ),심준영 ( Jun Young Shim ) 한국아동교육학회 2013 아동교육 Vol.22 No.3

이 연구는 초등학교 6학년 60명율 대상으로 뇌 체조 집단과 음악줄넘기 집단, 통제 집단으로 구분하여 각 프로그램 적용에 따른 공격성과 자율신경의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌 체조와 음악줄넘기의 첫4주 동안은 주 5회, 5주부터는 주 3회 15분씩 총 15주건 실시하였다. 공격성은 아동 공격성 척도를 사용하였고, 자율신경은 심전도 측정시스템을 이용하여 실험 전과 후의 2회를 측정하였다. 공 분산분석 결과, 공격성 하위요인 중 폭력성과 간접공격성은 뇌 체조 집단이 음악줄넘기와 통제 집단 보다 유의한 감소를 보였고, 부정성과 흥분성에서는 뇌 체조 집단이 통제집단보다 유의한 감소를 보였다. 자율신경에서는 음악줄넘기가 교감신경 활성에 관련이 있고, 뇌 체조는 부교감신경 활성에 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 뇌 체조의 깊은 호흡과 집중이 부교감신경의 활성을 유도하여 근육과 신경계를 이완시키고 안정된 정서상태를 유발함으로써 공격성 감소에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사하였다. This study aimed to find out the changes of aggression and autonomic nerve through the application of the program of brain gym group, music rope-skipping group, and controlled group. The study subjects were 60 sixth graders of elementary school and divided into three groups mentioned above. The study examined brain gym and music rope-skipping 5 limes a week for the first four weeks and 3 times a week for 15 min. through total 15 weeks from the 5th week. Aggression was measured with aggression scale and autonomic nerve with electrocardiogram measurement system twice before and after the experiment. As a result of analysis of covariance, it was found that violence and indirect aggression among sub-factors of aggression showed a significant decrease in brain gym group than in that of music rope-skipping and controlled group and negativity and excitability in brain gym group than in those of controlled group. It was also fOW1d that music rope-skipping in autonomic nerve was related to the activation of sympathetic nerve and brain gym had relevance to the activation of parasympathetic nerve. These results suggested that deep breathing and concentration of brain gym could induce the activation of parasympathetic nerve, relax muscle and nerve system, cause emotionally stable state and influence on the reduction of aggression.

요천수에 투사하는 연수 신경세포들의 분포

조성도,고광호,오우택,Cho, Sung-Do,Ko, Kwang-Ho,Oh, Uh-Taek 대한약학회 1991 약학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Spinal parasympathetic outflows originate in the sacral parasympathetic nuclei. The sacral parasympathetic nuclei receive inputs from the brainstem. Many areas in the medulla appear to influence sympathetic outflow of the spinal cord. Whether neurons in these areas of the medulla may project to the lumbosacral cord to affect the parasympathetic outflow has not been studied clearly. Thus, this study was intended to investigate origins of cells projecting from the medulla to the sacral parasympathetic nuclei of the spinal cord. In 3 cats, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the lower lumbar spinal cord. HRP labeled neurons were found mainly in the following areas: nucleus retroambiguus, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe complex and ventrolateral area of the rostral medulla. Most of these areas are known to be involved in regulation of sympathetic activity, and, thus, these results indicate that these areas are likely to affect the sacral parasympathetic outflow as they do for the sympathetic nerves.

흰쥐 중추신경계내 난소로 투사하는 미주신경로에 관한 연구

김명주,장명세,고미희,노해숙,조해영,오문유,이봉희 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.14 No.1

본 실험은 부교감신경의 하나인 미주신경이 난소를 지배하는 신경으로 관여하고 있는지를 pseudorabies 바이러스를 이용하여 난소신경로와 난소주사후 미주신경절단을 통하여 조사한 연구 보고이다. 이를 위하여 Sprague Dawley계 암흰쥐를 대상으로 pseudorabies 바이러스를 난소에 주사한 무리와 난소 주사후 미주신경을 절단한 무리에서 뇌를 적출하여 pseudorabies 바이러스에 대한 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 비교하였다. 본 실험결과 미주신경 중추신경로내의 상위신경핵들이 pseudorabied 바이러스에 대하여 양성반응이 줄어들었거나 관찰되지 않는 차이를 보였다. 즉 적색핵, 종말판혈관기관, 줄무늬체, 침상핵과 이마엽겉질은 부분적으로 난소의 미주신경로에 관여하고 있으며 미주신경등쪽핵, 고립로핵, 최후영역, 청색반점, 팔옆핵, 코리케퓨즈핵, 흑색질 및 시각교차위핵은 양성반응이 관찰되지 않아 미주신경으로 투사하는 부교감신경핵으로 조사되었다. The mammalian ovary has been known as receiving its innervation by sympathetic and sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system from the brain. Recently, there were several functional reports that the vagus nerves were also regulating the ovarian function, but the vagus nerve had not been identified by clear morphological evidence. A viral transneuronal tracing technique has been used to demonstrate the morphological evidence for the central vagal involvement in ovarian innervation in brain areas. Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus injection was made into the ovary of Sprague Dawley rats. In experimental group, the vagus nerve of the same injection side was removed right after ovarian injection. At five days after initial injection, all the rats were sacrificed and brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. Several central nuclei including hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus showed strong bilateral positive labelings after unilateral injection in control rats, but the positive labelings were disappeared or decreased in several hypothalamic nuclei and nuclei of the vagus nerve. I n conclusion, these results provide the morphological evidence that vagus nerve has neural connection to ovary and by which the central nervous system may maintains the state of ovulation and reproduction as a possible parasympathetic routes in mammals.

아유르베딕 식이요법이 자율신경과 pH에 미치는 영향

정미숙(Cheong, Mee Sook),연주현(Yeon, Joo Hyun) 한국요가학회 2018 요가학연구 Vol.- No.19

본 연구는 아유르베딕 식이요법이 자율신경에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지 알아보고 체질별 식단을 통한 건강예방과 치유를 위한 목적이다. 본연구를 위한 참여자들은 스스로 참여 의지를 보여 주었고 연구동의서에 동의하고 연구의 규칙을 지키겠다고 서약한 15명 중 끝까지 연구에 참여한 13명을 선정하였다. 참여자들의 체질은 바따 4명, 삣따 3명, 까파 6 명이다. 본 연구는 자연치유의 한 방법인 아유르베딕 식이요법을 활용 하여 연구 참여자의 체질에 알맞은 음식을 섭취하도록 하고 사전, 사후 검사를 통하여 알아보았다. 본 연구는 2017년 9월 14일부터 12월 14일까지 주 1회 총 13회기를 체질에 알맞은 식사를 제공하고 집에서도 식단표 대로 식사를 하게끔 식단표를 나누어 주었다. 매주 식후에 HRV와 ORP 를 측정하였다. 연구를 위한 측정도구는 HRV (심박동 변이) 와 ORP (산화환원 전위차) 를 사용하였다. HRV 측정 (10점 기준) 결과, 바따형 4명의 교감활성은 사전 측정시 7.03이었으나 사후 6.49로 3명은 하락, 1명은 증가 결과를 보였고 부교감활성은 사전 5.72에서 사후 6.27로 3명 증가, 1명은 종전과 비슷한 수준의 유지상태 결과를 보였다. 삣따형 3명의 교감활성은 사전 6.58에서 사후 6.28로 2명 하락, 1명 증가하였고 부교감활성은 사전 5.80에서 사후 6.45로 3명 모두 증가한 결과를 나타냈다. 까파형 6명의 교감활성은 사전 6.78에서 사후 6.32로 4명 하락, 2명 증가하였고 부교감 활성은 사전 5.69에서 6.11로 6명은 증가하였다. 또한 ORP 측정결과, 바따형 4명은 사전 검사시 246mV이었으나 사후 39mV로 낮아졌고, 삣따형 3명은 사전 234mV에서 사후 ­17mV, 까파형 6명 또한 사전 230mV에서 49mV로 참여자 모두 약알칼리로 낮아져 가는 추세를 보였고 참여자중 2명은 마이너스를 보일 정도로 신체가 중성에 근접해 갔다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과를 살펴볼 때 아유르베딕 식이요법이 교감과 부교감신경에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 체질별 식단이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 앞으로 이러한 체계의 프로그램 개발과 연구가 더욱 필요하다고 생각한다. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ayurvedic dietary therapy on autonomic nervous. There were the 15 participants for this study at first, but the only 13 participants joined until the end of the study. Lastly, only they were selected as the participants for this study. They showed their will to join in the study, signing a consent form for the study, and vowing to obey the rules of this study. By the physical constitution, the participants consisted of four members of Vāta, three members of Pitta, and six members of Kapha. This study used the Ayurvedic dietary therapy, one of the natural healing methods, to ingest appropriate food according to the physical constitution of the study participants and conducted the pre - and post - test. This study was conducted from September 14, 2017 to December 14, 2017, with a total of 13 sessions, once a week, which provided meals suitable for the physical constitution and distributed a menu to eat meals at home too. and After weekly meals, HRV and ORP were measured. HRV and ORP were used for the study. The result of HRV measurements (10 points) showed that the sympathetic activity of the four Vāta types was 7.03 in the pre-test but the result of the post-test was 6.49. Namely, two persons were reduced and the other two were increased. And it also showed that their parasympathetic activity was 5.72 in the pre-test but the result of the post-test was 6.27. Namely, one person was reduced. And it showed that the sympathetic activity of the three Pitta types was 6.58 in the pre-test, but the result of the post-test was 6.28. Namely, two persons were reduced and the other one was increased. And it also showed that their parasympathetic activity was 5.80 in the pretest but the result of the post-test was 6.45. Namely, two persons were increased and the other one person was reduced. In addition, it showed that the sympathetic activity of the six Kapha types was 6.78 in the pretest but the result of the post-test was 6.32. Namely, three persons were increased and the other three were reduced. And it also showed that their parasympathetic activity was 5.69 in the pre-test but the result of the post-test was 6.11. Namely, five persons were increased and the other one person was reduced. Also as a result of ORP measurement, 4 Vāta types were 246mV in the pre-test but decreased to 39mV in the post-test. 3 Pitta types were 234mV in the pre-test but decreased -17mV in the post-test. And 6 Kapha types were also 230mV in the pre-test but decreased 49mV in the post-test. Namely, all of the participants showed a tendency to become weak alkaline, and 2 of the participants came close to neutrality so as to show a minus result. In conclusion, this study showed that the Ayurvedic dietary therapy has a positive effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Therefore, we could know that a diet suitable for the physical constitution was necessary, and we also thought that the program development and studies of this system are needed more for the public health in the future.

스와라 호흡(svara pranayama)과 스트레스의 상관성에 대한 연구

김재민 ( Kim Jae-min ),김동환 ( Kim Dong-hwan ) 인도철학회 2017 印度哲學 Vol.0 No.50

Stress is often called the source of all kind of diseases. Yoga has many therapeutic techniques. Today, first of all, asanas are most popular yogic therapeutic skills and, secondly, meditations are second popular ones. With meditations, attention of yogic breathing techniques have been also increased gradually. In this study, through svara pranayama(one nostril breathing), we make effort to be in search of possibilities of improving stages of stress. In the post-classical yoga traditions, theory of subtle body has been exquisitely developed. The same are Hatha yoga and Svara yoga. In this paper, we focus on the theory which was appeared in the the Siva-Svarodaya and Svara Chintamani . Ida nadi and pingala nadi, one of the core idea of this theory, are connected to the streams of left nostril breathing and right nostril breathing. And both nadis are frequently considered as corresponding to sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system in modern medical theory of body. Stress has a direct and great influence on the autonomous nervous system which does detailed inner control function necessary for maintaining proper inner circumstance of body. It is known to researchers that measuring the effects of stress by HRV is very efficient and objective. First of all, in this research, autonomous nervous system is effected by svara pranayama based on correlations of nadis and symatheticㆍparasympathetic nerves. And then changes of stress stages are measured. 48 Pharmaceutical salesmen as subjects of the experiment are practiced svara pranayama. HRV measurement results of before and after the breathing show us conclusions which the breathing technique has clearly influence on autonomous nervous system and decreasing stress stages partly.

두개천골요법이 노인의 뇌파와 심전도에 미치는 영향

고영민,황혜주,한은희,장태수 한국피부과학연구원 2012 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.10 No.4

This study of Craniosacral therapy was conducted to find out the effects of reducing stress and depression on elder people by balancing the autonomic nerve. they were taken brain wave and electrocardiogram measurements and the Korean geriartric depression and stress survey before and after the therapy. In this study, the analysis of data was performed with the following statistical analysis, using the SPSS 18.0 statistical program. First, geriatric Depression : there was a significant difference statistically (t=2.291, p<.05). In that, it is confirmed that Craniosacral therapy is effective for reducing depression level on elder people. Second, T4 on the average relative position of the Alpha wave increased from previous 0.220 to the last fourth recurrence of 0.278. Statistical test results showed no significant differences for each target (p<.05). Third, average heart rate decreased from previous 68.898 to the last four recurrence of 64.605 times. Statistical test results showed no significant differences for each target (p<.05). The above results have shown that (1)craniosacral therapy lowers the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and accelerates the activity of parasympathetic one, thus alleviating the stress. (2)The surveys of depression, stress and visual ideas showed that the therapy influences stress and depression.

심장대사 위험인자와 심박수 변이 성분들 간의 상관관계

정호근 ( Ho-geun Jung ),정휘수 ( Hwee-soo Jeong ) 한국보건정보통계학회 2017 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) index, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) which were evaluated as cardiometabolic risk factors and components of heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: This study was conducted on 2,008 subjects who underwent HRV test among those who had health-check up at a university hospital in Korea during 2016. The presence of metabolic syndrome in the subjects was identified. TG/HDL and WHtR were calculated and blood level of leukocyte, erythrocyte, amino transferase, uric acid were used for analysis. Standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF were used for the components of HRV. Results: Among the total subjects, 330 (16.4%) had metabolic syndrome. The mean SDNN in the subjects with metabolic syndrome was 32.78±16.49 (ms), which was significantly lower than that (36.16±18.75 ms) of the control group (p<0.01). The HF values were also significantly different between the two groups (162.77±278.08 ms² vs. 225.74±330.99 ms2, p<0.05). Except HDL, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and triglyceride concentration among metabolic syndrome components were negatively correlated with SDNN and HF. Significant negative correlations were found in SDNN (p<0.01) and HF (p<0.05) with WHtR and only SDNN (p<0.05) with TG/HDL. Conclusions: TG/HDL and WHtR, including the metabolic syndrome, showed a negative correlation between SDNN indicating left ventricular function and HF indicating activation of parasympathetic nerve.

흰쥐 악하선에서 교감신경과 부교감신경에 의한 나트륨 운반체 및 수분 통로 조절

김기영(Gi-Young Kim),유선열(Sun-Youl Ryu) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2005 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The flow of saliva is controlled entirely by nervous stimuli. The present study was aimed to explore the role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the regulation of sodium transporters and water channels in the salivary gland. Rats were denervated of their sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular gland, and the expression of sodium transporters and water channels was determined. The expression of either α-1 or β- 1 subunit of Na, K-ATPase was not significantly affected by the sympathetic denervation. On the contrary, the expression of both subunits was decreased by the parasympathetic denervation. The expression of α-, β-, and γ-subunits of ENaC was not significantly affected by the sympathetic denervation, but was increased by the parasympathetic denervation. On the contrary, the expression of NHE3 was markedly decreased by both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic denervation. The sympathetic denervation significantly increased the expression of AQP1, while the parasympathetic denervation was without effect. The sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation significantly increased the expression of AQP4. The sympathetic denervation did not affect the expression of AQP5, but the parasympathetic denervation significantly decreased it. These results suggest that sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves have tonic effects on the regulation of sodium transporters and AQP water channels in the salivary gland. The sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation may then result in alterations of secretory rate and electrolyte composition of the saliva.