열성 경련 환아의 뇌척수액내 Prostaglandin E-2값 변화

최병준(Byung-Joon Choi),황경태(Kyung-Tai Whang) 대한소아신경학회 1998 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.5 No.2

목적 : PG는 모든 조직에 존재하여 생물학적으로 상당히 광범위한 역할을 한다. 특히 중추신경계에서는 생리적인 환경에서 소량 존재하나 여러 가지 자극(고체온, 열성 감염, 뇌졸중, 정신분열증 및 간질)후에는 PG가 상당히 현격하게 증가한다. 따라서 저자들은 열성 경련 환아에서 뇌철수액내의 PGE-2를 정량하여 어떤 변화가 있는지를 살펴보았다.방법 : 가톨릭 의과대학 부속병원에서 초회의 단순 열성 경련을 주소로 내원한 만 6개월에서 만 5세 사이의 환 57명과 경련없이 열을 주소로 입원한 같은 연령군 환아 24명을 대상으로 하였고, 대조군은 열이 없는 환아 7명이었다. 모든 환아에서 척수 천자를 시행하였고 열성 경련 환아는 경련 후 48시간 이내에 뇌척수액을 채취하여 -30℃로 냉장 보관후 방사 면역 측정법(Prostaglandin E₂[125I] assay system, Biotra Assays, Amersham Inc.)으로 검사하였다. 결과 : 1) 열성 경련 환아의 뇌척수액내 PGE-2의 값은 147.3±79.3pg/ml로 경련없이 열만 있었던 군의 72.4±75.4pg/ml에 비하여 2.0배 높았고 열이 없는 대조군의 19.2±28.4pg/ml 보다는 7.7배 높았으며 이는 통계학적으로 의의가 있었다. 2) 발열 및 연력과 뇌척수액네 PGE-2의 값과는 통계적으로 의미가 없었다. 3) 열성 경련환아에서 4시간 이내에 채취한 PGE-2의 값은 176.5±65.7pg/ml로 4시간 이후에 채취한 군의 93.3±74.9pg/ml 보다 높은 값을 보였다.(p<0.05) 결론 : 열성 경련 환아의 뇌척수액내 PGE-2의 값은 열이 없는 대조군에 비해 높았고 경련없이 열만 있는 군에 비해서도 높았다. 특히 열성 경련 환아의 뇌척수액을 경련 후 4시간 이내 채취하였을 때 PGE-2의 값이 경련 후 4시간 이후에 채취한 뇌척수액에서 얻은 값에 비해 더욱 높았음을 알 수 있다. Purpose : Prostaglandins(PGs) are known to produce a remarkably broad spectrum of effects that embraces practically every biological function, and has a particular physiological role in the central nervous system. Significant increases of PGs levels are seen in certain diseases, such as febrile infection, stroke, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. Prostaglandin is also increased in a response to rising body temperature, and prostaglandin E-2(PGE-2) in lumber cerebrospinal fluid is also increased in febrile convulsion. Intracerebroventricular injection of PGE produces a rise in body temperature and also antagonizes convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole, penicillin, electric shock. Therefore we studied PGE-2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid of afebrile children, children with febrile convulsion, and fevrile children without convulsion. Methods : The subjects comprised 57 cases with febrile convulsion, 24 cases of afebrile diseases and 9 febrile children without convulsion. All patients were undergoing lumbar puncture and PGE-2 levels in CSF were determined by highly specific radioimmunoassay(Prostaglandin E₂[125I]assay system, Biotra Assays, Amersham Inc.). Results : 1) The CSF PGE-2 levels were significantly higher in children with febrile convulsion(147.3±79.3pg/ml) than those in febrile children without convulsion(72.4±75.4pg/ml) and afebrile children(19.2±28.4pg/ml)(p<0.05) 2) There were no statistical significances of the CSF PGE-2 levels between age and fever in both groups. 3) The CSF PGE-2 levels within 4 hours(176.5±65.7pg/ml) after convulsions were significantly higher than those 4 hours after convulsion(93.3±74.9pg/ml). Conclusion : The CSF PGE-2 levels were significantly higher in children with febrile convulsion than those in febrile children without convulsion and those in afebrile children. The CSF PGE-2 levels within 4 hours after convulsion were significantly higher than those 4 hours after convulsion.

Prostaglandin E_2 와 Phorbol Myristate Acetate가 조골세포의 활성에 미치는 영향

김형룡,김장숙 원광대학교 생체재료·매식연구소 1996 원광생체재료·매식 Vol.5 No.2

PGE_2 has both anabolic and catabolic activities. Excess levels of PGE_2 have been implicated in a number of pathological states associated with bone loss such as a number of chronic inflammatory conditions such as periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. PGE_2 and other arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to be potent stimulators of osteoclastic bone resorption in organ culture. The anabolic effects of PGE_2 were first noticed when an increase in periosteal woven bone formation was seen after the infusion of PGE_2 into infants in order to prevent closure of the ductus arteriosus. The cellular basis for the catabolic actions of PGE_2 has been well characterized. PGE_2 increases osteoclast recruitment in bone marrow cell cultures. PGE_2 also has a direct action on osteoclast serving to inhibit activity and can also indirectly activate osteoclast via other cells in the vicinity, presumably osteoblast. PKC was reported to be involved in the action of osteotropic hormones. PTH primarily affects osteoblasts and increases irrtracellular cAMP level, and PTH-stimulated osteoblasts may produce and release the substances that activate osteoclasts. PKC may mediate the action of PTH in osteoblasts. Moreover, PKC increase the number of receptors for 1,25-(OH)_2D_3 in the osteoblasts. The purpose of this paper is to study the actions of PGE_2 and PMA on osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells. The effect of PMA and PGE_2 on the induction of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was investigated in osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells clutured in medium containing 04% fetal bovine serum. PMA and PGE_2 stimulated ALP activity and MTT assay in the cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 10-500ng/ml. Cycloheximide, protein synthesis inhibitor, inhibited the stimulative effect of PGE_2 and PMA on ALP activiy in the cells. PGE_2 also increased the intracellular cAMP content in a dose-dependent fashion with a maximal effect at 500ng/ml. Our present results suggest that PGE_2 stimulate the differentiation of osteooblasts and are involved in bone formation in vivo, as well as in bone resorption.

Cyclic AMP analog와 PGE2가 마우스 조골세포의 활성에 미치는 영향

김형룡,김장숙 원광대학교 생체재료·매식연구소 1996 원광생체재료·매식 Vol.5 No.2

To maintain its functional integrity, bone is continuously remodelled by a process involving resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In order to respond to changes in the physical environment or to trauma with the relevant action, this process is strictly regulated by locally synthesized or systemic fators. Prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2) is perhaps one of the best studied of these factors, having been known to affect bone cell function for several decades. PGE_2 has both anabolic and catabolic activities. Excess levels of PGE_2 have been implicated in a number of pathological states associated with bone loss such as a number of chronic inflammatory conditions such as periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. PGE_2 and other arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to be potent stimulators of osteoclastic bone resorption in organ culture. The anabolic effects of PGE_2 were first noticed when an increase in periosteal woven bone formation was seen after the infusion of PGE_2 into infants in order to prevent closure of the ductus arteriosus. The cellular basis for the catabolic actions of PGE_2 has been well characterized. PGE_2 increase osteoclast recruitment in bone marrow cell cultures. PGE_2 also has a direct action on osteoclast serving to inhibit activity and can also indirectly activate osteoclast via other cells in the vicinity, presumably osteoblast. The cellular mechanisms for the anabolic actions of PGE_2 are not nearly so well understood. The purpose of this paper is to study the anabolic actions of PGE_2 on osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells. The effects of DBcAMP and PGE_2 on the induction of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was investigated in osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells cultured in medium containing 0.4% fetal bovine serum. DBcAMP and PGE_2 stimulated ALP activity and MTT assay in the cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 10-500ng/ml. Cycloheximide, protein synthesis inhibitor, inhibited the stimulative effect of PGE_2 and DBcAMP on ALP activity in the cells. PGE_2 also increased the intracellular cAMP content in a dose-dependent fashion with a maximal effect at 500ng/ml. Our present results suggest that PGE_2 stimulate the differentiation of osteoblasts and are involved in bone formation in vivo, as well as in bone resorption.

유도 분만에서 ProstaglandinE2의 경관내 삽입 및 질좌제의 임상적 효과 비교

상미란(Mi Lan Sang),권용일(Yong Il Kwon),박태철(Tae Chul Park),권동진(Dong Jin Kwon),이용석(Yong Suk Lee),배태욱(Tae Wook Bae),이진우(Jin Woo Lee),김수평(Su Pyung Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.10

목적: 임신말기 유도 분만에 있어 Parity 및 Bishop-score에 따라 endocervical PGE2 및 vaginal PGE2의 임상적 효과를 비교하여 endocervical PGE2가 경관 숙화 및 분만유도에 더 효과적이라고 판단되어 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 1998년 3월부터 9월까지 가톨릭 대학교 부속 의정부 성모병원 산부인과에 입원한 65명 산모를 대상으로 무작위로 추출하여 Parity 및 Bishop-score에 따라 3mg Dinoprostone을 경관내 및 질 후원개부위에 8시간 간격으로 최고 3개까지 삽입하여 규칙적인 진통이 유발될때까지 시행하였다. 결과: endocervical PGE2가 경관숙화 및 분만유도에 있어 더 확연한 효과를 보였다. 나이, 임신주수, 분만력, 초기 경관숙화정도는 두 군에 차이가 없었고 제왕절개율, 태아가사, 자궁과수축, 부작용도 차이가 없었다. 진통시작까지 걸린 시간에서 경산부에서 endocervical PGE2를 삽입한 경우가 다른 군보다 유의하게(p=0.0195) 짧았고 active labor까지 가는데 걸리는 시간은 초산부에서 endocervical PGE2를 삽입한 경우가 다른군보다 유의하게(p=0.0245) 짧았다. 또한 경산부에서 진통 시작까지 걸린 시간과 active labor까지 가는데 걸리는 시간, B-score 8점까지 되는데 걸린시간이 통계적으로 유의하게 짧았다. 요소간 분석을 보면 분만력, oxytocin등이 영향을 미칠 수 있고 그 중 투여방법이 가장 중요한 요인으로 추정되었다. 결론: 본 실험에서 경관 숙화가 안된 경우에 유도분만에 있어서 PGE2의 경관내 주입이 질정보다 효과가 좋으며 태아곤란증이나 제왕 절개분만, 신생아에 대한 영향에 차이가 없는 것으로 종합하여 보면 PGE2의 경관내 투여는 권장할 만한 가치가 있으며, 효과적인 유도분만에 유용하리라 사료된다. Objectives: The trial was performed to obtain an unbiased comparison of the relative merits of endocervical and vaginal prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in the case of parous and nulliparous woman with favorable and unfavorable cervical features. This study was performed to determine the clinical usefullness of endocervical PGE2 comparing with the vaginal PGE2 in cervical ripening and induction of labor. Method: The randomized trial with 65 Participants was performed with sealed envelopes for parity and Bishop score (from March to september, 1998). PGE2 tablet(3mg Dinoprostone) was administrated intravaginally to the 32 pregnant women and endocervically to the 33 pregnant women every eight hours with maximum three times until the regular labor develped. Result: Outcomes of labor and delivery were clearly related to cervical score at trial entry. endocerval PGE2 had a more marked effect on cervical ripeness than did vaginal PGE2. There were no significant differences on age distribution, gestatioanal period, primiparity, cervical status, initial B-score in each group. There were no significant differences in cesarian section rate, fetal distress, uterine hyperstimulation, side effect and poor infant outcome between the groups The mean induction time was statistically shorter in cervical group with multiparous women than other group(p=0.0195). In the induction-active labor time, cervical with primi group was statistically shorter than other group(p=0.0245). Statistically significant differences were noted between the nulliparous woman and multiparous women in mean induction time, induction-active labor time, time to B-score 8. In the factor that effects induction-active labor, route was significantly better than other factor.(p=0.0001) Conclusion: edocervical PGE2 is more effctive than vaginal PGE2 in cervical ripening and induction of active labor. the endocervical PGE2 resulted in a significantly shorter induction to active labor time compared with vaginal PGE2 and has almost no side effect. Because differences in effectiveness between endocervical and vaginal PGE2 are marginal, preference of woman and clinicians can the choice between them.

경구 Prostaglandin E₂의 자궁경관 숙화효과에 관한 연구

임완희(WH Lim),윤정희(JH Yoon),한선남(SN Han),박둘임(Dl Park),민보은(BE Min) 대한산부인과학회 1983 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.26 No.12

초산 47예와 경산 38예의 자궁경관이 불량했던 산모를 대상으로 유도분만전 PGE₂ 경구투여에 의한 이중 맹검범을 실시하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 경구 PGE₂투여는 조산 및 경산에서 우수한 자궁경관 숙화효과가 있다. a) 숙화기후 개선된 Bishops score ; 초산 PGE₂군 : 2.54(p<0.01), 초산 placebo군: 0.70(p>0.05), 경산 PGE₂군 : 3.30%(p<0.01), 경산 placebo군 : 1.78(p<0.01) b) Bishops score 2점 이상 개선된 예 초산 : PGE₂군 75% placebo군 13.0% (p<0.01), 경산PGE₂군 70% placebo군 38.9% (p<0.1). 2. 초산 및 경산의 PGE₂ 경구투여는 숙화기동안 일부에서 유효진통을 유발한다. 초산 : PGE₂군 20.8%. placebo군 0%(p<0.05), 경산 : PGE₂군 40.0%, plaebo군 5.6%(p<0.05) 3. 초산에서 유도분만전 PGE₂ 경구투여도 자궁경관을 숙화시켰던 군은 placebo군보다 재왕절개술율이 낮고, 총 질식분만율이 높다. a) 제왕절개술율 초산 : PGE₂군 20.8%, placebo군 55.5%(p<0.05). 경산 : PGE₂군 10.0%, placebo군 22.2%(p<0.1) b) 총 질식분만율 초산 : PGE₂군 79.2%, placebo군 43.5%(p<0.05) 경산 : PGE₂군 90.0%, placebo군 77.8%(p<0.1) c) 정상분만율 초산 : PGE₂군 54.2%, placebo군 26.1%(p<0.05), 경산 : PGE₂군 90.0%, placebo군 72.2%(p<0.1) 4) 다음의 결과에 의하면 경산의 자궁경관 상태는 양막경검사나 내진같은 기계적 자극으로 보다 쉽게 개선된다고 생각되며, 따라서 Bishops score는 경산보다 초산에서 유도분만 성공의 예후에 더 큰 의의를 갖는다. a) 숙화기후 Bishops score개선도 : 초산 placebo군 : 0.7(p>0.05) 경산 placebo군 : 1.78(p<0.01) b) Bishops score 2점이상 개선된 예, placebo군 : 초산 13%, 경산 38.9% (p<0.01) d) 인공파수후 유효진통이 시작된 예 placebo군 : 초산 13%, 경산 41.2%(p<0.05) d) 경산에서는 총 질식훈만을. 정상분만율, 제왕절개술율 등이 PGE₂군과 placebo군 사이에 유의차가 없는 반면(p>0.1) 초산에서는 placebo군보다 PGE₂군이 제왕절개술율이 낮고 총질식분만율 및 정상분만율이 높았다(p<0. 05). 5. 경구 PGE₂에 의한 자궁경관 숙화는 syntocin의 필요도나 syntocin 정주 소요시간을 감소시키지 못했다. 6. 분만과정 및 태아에 미치는 부작용이 없었고, 산후출혈의 빈도도 높이지 않았다. 요악하면 Bishops score는 경산보다 초산에서 유도 분만 성공의 예후에 더 중요한 인자이나, 초산과 경산에서 A double blind study was designed to evaluate the priming effect of oral PGE₂ on the uterine cervix prior to induction in both primipara and multipara in whom the cervix was considered unfavourable for induction. The patients were selected from women who were admitted for induction at Il Sin Womens Hospital during the 11months from August 1981 to June 1982. In all women Bishops score of the cervix was less than 6 but there were definite indications for induction. 38 of the women had already had one delivery and 47 were being induced prior to their first delivery. Oral PGE₂, 0.5mg tablets were given qlh by 6 times 8-10hrs prior to induction by amniotomy and then syntocin drip if necessary. The results are as follows : 1. Oral PGE₂ had a good priming effect on the uterin cervix in both primipara and multipara. This was shown in a) An increase in Bishops score after the priming phase primipara PGE₂ group : 2.54 points (p<0.01). primipara placebo group ; 0.70 points (p>0.05) multipara PGE₂ group; 3.30 points (p<0.01) multipara placebo group; 1.78 points (p<0.01). b) An increase of Bishops score, 2 points or more primipara ; PGE₂, group 75%, placebo group 13%, (p<0.01). multipara ; PGE₂ group 70%, placebo group 38.9% (p<0.1). 2. Active labour was induced during the priming phase with oral PGE₂ a) primipara ; PGE₂ group 20.8%, placebo group 0% (p<0.05) b) multipara; PGE₂ group 40%, placebo group 5.6% (p<0.05). 3. In primipara the group who had preinduction priming with PGE₂ had a lower rate of cesarean section delivery, and a higher rate of total vagin31 deliveries and normal delivery compared to the placebo group. a) Rate of cesarean section; primipara; PGE₂ group 20.8%, placebo groups 56. 5% (p<0.05) multipara; PEG2 group 10.0%, placebo group 22.2% (q>0.1) b) Rate of total vaginal deliveries; primipara; PGE₂ group 79.2%, placebo group 43.5% (p<0.05) multipara ; PEG2 group 90.0%, placebo group 77.8% (p>0.l) c) Rate of normal deliveries; primipara; PGE₂ group 54.2%, placebo group 26.1% (p<0.05) mult

Concanavalin A와 의 순차적 노출에 의한 포배의 분화 조절

전용필 한국발생생물학회 2008 발생과 생식 Vol.12 No.3

포배의 분화는 배아의 착상에 있어 핵심적인 단계로 배아 자체 또는 생식수관에서 유래하는 조절요인의 조절을 받는다. 이들 조절요인과 포배와의 순차적인 신호의 주고 받음은 분화의 중요한 단계로 인식되고 있다. 한편, 포배기 때 자유 칼슘을 통한 신호전달경로가 포배의 분화에 중요한 축의 하나로 제안되어 왔다. Concanavalin A(Con A)가 포배의 자유 칼슘 농도 증감을 유도한다는 것을 밝혀졌으나, 포배 내 자유 칼슘 농도를 변형시켜 부화와 그 이후의 발생을 촉진하는 것으로 알려진 heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor(HB-EGF)와는 달리 팽창 이후의 부화를 억제하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 착상과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 prostaglandin E2(PGE2)가 포배의 분화에 관여하는지를 Con A와 연계하여 알아보았다. Con A는 그 처리 시간에 관계없이 1시간 처리군 그리고 계속처리군에서 팽창은 촉진하고 부화는 유의하게 억제하였다. 특히 계속처리군에서 부화율이 1시간 처리군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, PGE2도 포배 내 자율 칼슘 농도를 증가시켰으나 팽창과 부화를 촉진하지 않았다. 또한, 10 ㎛ PGE2 농도에서는 부화가 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 흥미롭게도 PGE2는 Con A가 처리된 포배의 부화를 촉진하였다. Con A를 전처리한 포배에 PGE2를 처리할 경우 포배 내 자유 칼슘의 농도 증감이 진행됨을 공촛점현미경을 이용하여 분석할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 신호물질에 의해 유도된 자유 칼슘 농도의 증감이 신호물질에 따른 각기 다른 칼슘 매개로 활성화되는 신호경로를 조절하는 것을 추정할 수 있다. 또한, 순차적 신호물질 조절에 의한 자유 칼슘의 농도 증감이 포배의 분화에 있어 중요함을 제안한다. Differentiation of blastocyst is critical step for implantation and is under the control of regulation factors originated from embryo or reproductive tracts. The sequential communication with those factors is suspected as critical events for differentiation. It has been suggested that intracellular signaling pathways activated by calcium is essential in differentiation of blastocyst. Previously, it was known that concanavalin A (Con A) increase the levels of free calcium in blastocyst stage. However, Con A can not accelerate the hatching, although heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a modulator of calcium level, accelerate the hatching of blastocyst. In this study, it was investigated whether Con A or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can modulate the differentiation of blastocyst. Con A accelerated the expansion of blastocyst in both 1 hr pulse treatment group and continuous treatment group. However, Con A significantly suppressed the hatching in both groups. The inhibition was significantly strong in continuous treatment group compared with 1 hr pulse treatment group. On the other hand, PGE2 induced the increase the free calcium level, but did not accelerate the expansion. In addition 10 ㎛ PGE2 inhibited hatching. However, PGE2 could accelerate hatching in Con A pretreated blastocyst. PGE2also caused the increase of free calcium level in Con A pretreated blastocyst. From these results, it is suggested that changes of the free calcium level induce a different calcium-mediated signaling pathways. In addition, sequential stimulation by signal molecules may triggers the cellular mechanisms for the differentiation of blastocyst.

만성 치주염 환자에서 2형 당뇨병이 $PGE_2$, MMP-14 및 TIMP의 발현양상에 미치는 영향

김선우,박진우,서조영,이재목,Kim, Seon-Woo,Park, Jin-Woo,Suh, Jo-Young,Lee, Jae-Mok 대한치주과학회 2007 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.37 No.4

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and quantify the expression of $PGE_2$, MMP-14 and TIMP-1 in the gingival tissues of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy adults of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption. Material and methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was devided into three groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption. Group 3(n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption associated with type 2 diabetes. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of $PGE_2$ MMP-14 and TIMP-1 were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: The expressions of MMP-14 and TIMP-1 were showed increasing tendency in group 2 & 3 compared to group 1. The expressions of $PGE_2$, MMP-14 were showed increasing tendency in group 3 compared to group 1 and group 2. According to MMP-14 levels were increasing, $PGE_2$ showed increasing tendency in group 3, and although $PGE_2$, MMP-14 levels were increasing, TIMP-1 levels were similar expressed comparing to group 2. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the expression levels of MMP-14 and TIMP-1 had increasing tendency in inflammed tissue. It can be assumed that $PGE_2$ and MMP-14 may be partly involved in alveolar bone resorptive process and the progression of periodontal inflammation associated to type 2 DM.

Thymoquinone (TQ) regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production through PI3kinase (PI3K)/p38 kinase pathway in human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231

Yu, Seon-Mi,Kim, Song-Ja The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.4

Thymoquinone (TQ), a drug extracted from the black seeds of Nigella sativa, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-neoplastic effects in numerous cancer cells. The effects of TQ on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production in MDA-MB-231, however, remain poorly understood. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were performed to study the expression levels of inflammation regulatory proteins in MDA-MB-231. $PGE_2$ assay was conducted to explore the TQ-induced production of $PGE_2$. In this study, we investigated the effects of TQ on COX-2 expression and $PGE_2$ production in MDA-MB-231. TQ significantly induced COX-2 expression and increased $PGE_2$ production in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by a Western blot analysis and $PGE_2$ assay. Furthermore, the activation of Akt and p38 kinase, respectively, was up-regulated in TQ treated cells. Inhibition of p38 kinase with SB203580 and PI3kinase (PI3K) with LY294002 abolished TQ-caused COX-2 expression and decreased $PGE_2$ production. These results collectively demonstrate that TQ effectively modulates COX-2 expression and $PGE_2$ production via PI3K and p38 kinase pathways in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.

Thymoquinone (TQ) regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production through PI3kinase (PI3K)/p38 kinase pathway in human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231

유선미,김송자 한국통합생물학회 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.4

Thymoquinone (TQ), a drug extracted from the black seeds of Nigella sativa, has been shown to exhibit antiinflammatory,anti-oxidant, and anti-neoplastic effects in numerous cancer cells. The effects of TQ on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in MDA-MB-231, however, remain poorly understood. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were performed to study the expression levels of inflammation regulatory proteins in MDA-MB-231. PGE2 assay was conducted to explore the TQ-induced production of PGE2. In this study, we investigated the effects of TQ on COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in MDA-MB-231. TQ significantly induced COX-2 expression and increased PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by a Western blot analysis and PGE2 assay. Furthermore, the activation of Akt and p38kinase, respectively, was up-regulated in TQ treated cells. Inhibition of p38 kinase with SB203580 and PI3kinase (PI3K) with LY294002 abolished TQ-caused COX-2 expression and decreased PGE2 production. These results collectively demonstrate that TQ effectively modulates COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via PI3K and p38kinase pathways in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.

위암 환자의 혈장 Prostaglandin E₂농도에 관한 연구

공경엽,이선경 대한병리학회 1990 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.24 No.4