Effects of changes in occupational stress on the depressive symptoms of Korean workers in a large company

Jaehyuk Jung,Inchul Jeong,Kyung-Jong Lee,Guyeon Won,Jae Bum Park 대한직업환경의학회 2018 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.30 No.-

Background: Prospective studies on occupational stress and depression among Korean workers are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between changes in occupational stress and the presence of depression. Methods: This study analyzed data from a survey conducted with workers in a large Korean company (2015–2016). Occupational stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, and depression was screened using the WHO-5 Well-being Index. The levels of occupational stress were grouped in quartiles based on subjects’ occupational stress scores in 2015, and changes in occupational stress were measured using the score changes between the 2015 and 2016 surveys. Subjects were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of depression in 2015 and 2016: a non-depressed group whose mental health did not change, a non-depressed group whose mental health deteriorated, a depressed group that continued to be depressed, and a depressed group whose symptoms of depression were alleviated. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of the subjects’ deterioration in mood or alleviation of depression by occupational stress levels and changes. Results: The OR for developing depressive symptoms was 2.51 (95% CI 1.46–4.33) and 2.73 (95% CI 1.39–5.36) in the third and the fourth quartiles of occupational stress, respectively, compared to the first quartile. When the occupational stress score increased by 1 point, the OR for increasing depressive symptoms was 1.07 (95% CI 1.04–1.10). There was no significant difference in the alleviation of depressive symptoms between the groups by level of occupational stress. However, when the occupational stress score decreased by 1 point, the OR for alleviating depressive symptoms was 1.08 (95% CI 1.05–1.11). Conclusion: The results showed that increased occupational stress increased the presence of depressive symptoms, and that reduced occupational stress suppressed the development of depressive symptoms. More attention should be paid to stress management among workers.

The association between occupational stress level and health-related productivity loss among Korean employees

Jonghee Chung,Jin-Hyo Kim,Jae Yoon Lee,Hee Seok Kang,Dong-Wook Lee,Yun-Chul Hong,Mo-Yeol Kang 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Occupational stress management is particularly important for successful business operations, since occupational stress adversely affects workers’ health, eventually lowering their productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between occupational stress and health-related productivity loss (HRPL) among Korean workers. METHODS: In 2021, 1,078 workers participated in a web-based questionnaire survey. HRPL was measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire, and occupational stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. The occupational stress level was divided into tertiles (low, intermediate, and high), and the low occupational stress group was used as the reference group. Using a generalised linear model, differences in labour productivity loss according to the level of occupational stress were tested after adjusting for demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education level, household income, occupation, and underlying medical conditions. RESULTS: Non-parametric regression analysis of HRPL according to occupational stress showed a direct association between occupational stress and HRPL. A statistically significant difference was observed in HRPL between participants with intermediate and high occupational stress and those with low occupational stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that high occupational stress is associated with decreased labour productivity.

자아효능감이 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 집단효능감의 매개변수 역할을 중심으로

조강혜,노형봉 한국기업경영학회 2013 기업경영연구 Vol.20 No.4

The challenges of coping with occupational stress in an optimal way are widely recognized by businesses in the service sector where their success depends on the quality of services provided by human resources in the organizations. According to a number of experts it is the efficacy that exerts a direct effect on performance variables such as level of goals set by individuals, and/or behavioral choice under depression. The notion of efficacy may well be extended and applied to groups of individuals to form collective efficacy, which refers to the belief, shared by the members of a group, that the group retains the capacity to successfully perform various organizational tasks. In this study, we have analyzed the questionnaires of a group of mechanics who are under constant stress originating from both the customers and the organization itself to verify mediating effect of collective efficacy on the relation between self-efficacy and occupational stress. The results include:First, self efficacy has a statistically significant effect on occupational stress. This implies the need to improve self efficacy to reduce the stress felt by the individuals. Accordingly, an organization is required to exert its effort to apply factors which enhance self-efficacy in the aspects of human resources development. Second, collective efficacy shows statistical significance to reduce the occupational stress, which suggests the strategies be implemented to ensure the reduction of occupational stress of members in an organization. Third, collective efficacy is shown to have complete mediating effect on the capacity of self-efficacy concerning the reduction of occupational stress. That is, Self efficacy have a considerable effect on addressing occupational stress, mainly through collective efficacy. It is important to make it point to keep the self-efficacy high through enhancing the collective efficacy to minimize the level of occupational stress. The following will be suggested as of the consequences of this study:First, unlike previous studies, we have presented the mediating effect of collective efficacy, proving the efficiency of existing methods for the improvement of collective efficacy when dealing with occupational stress in an organization. Second, we have demonstrated that collective efficacy has complete mediating effect on the capacity of self-efficacy concerning the reduction of occupational stress It implies that, in an organization level, efforts are needed to improve collective efficacy rather than self-efficacy to handle occupational stress, directing the first priority in deciding effective methods when using limited and scarce resources available. Third, we have reasonably shown that various management systems including mentoring system implemented in the business field and direct supporting system for the service personnel by the leader on site shows significant efficiency, necessitating further strategical approach to the development of optimal management system for each individual site of service. Fourth, Attention needs to be paid to the improvement of social capital closely related to collective efficacy. Social capital, consisting of network, norm, and trust provides strong relation with collectiv efficacy defined as commonly shared beliefs or collective expectation for organizational success. Thus, an organization is required, by means of improving collective efficacy and reinforcing social capital, to increase the level of mutual confidence and maintain organic functionality, developing and sharing the its vision and core values with members. In this study, we have confined the triggering of occupational stress to four factors, the intensity or the extent of which will vary depending on the kind of jobs, work environments, and personal tendencies. In this respect, further studies will cover the defining of and dealing with other potential sources of stress or new variables as their objectives. In addition, we h... 조직 성패의 척도가 인적자원에 의해 좌우되는 서비스 업종의 경우 직무스트레스는 서비스를 제공하는 기업이 해결해야 할 난제이다. 이러한 상황에서 여러 학자들은 효능감이 개개인의 목표 수준과 스트레스 하에서의 행동의 선택 등과 같은 성과변수 등에 직접적인 영향을 미친다고 하였다. 효능감 개념은 집단에도 확장, 적용될 수 있다. 즉 집단효능감은 집단구성원들이 자신이 속한 집단이 성공적 과업수행을 할 수 있는 능력을 보유하고 있다는 믿음을 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고객과 조직으로부터 직무스트레스로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는 자동자 정비 직원들을 대상으로 자아효능감과 직무스트레스와의 관계에서 집단효능감의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 이에 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자아효능감은 직무스트레스에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 조직 내 구성원들의 직무스트레스를 줄이기 위해서는 구성원의 자아효능감을 높일 필요가 있다. 자아효능감을 증진시킬 수 있는 인적자원개발 측면의 노력이 요구되며, 자아효능감을 구성하는 요소를 찾아 그에 맞는 개발이 요구된다. 둘째, 집단효능감은 직무스트레스에 통계적으로 유의미한 결과로 나타났다. 따라서 조직 내 구성원들의 직무스트레스를 감소시키기 위해서는 집단효능감을 증진할 수 있는 전략이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 집단효능감은 자아효능감과 직무스트레스와의 관계에서 완전매개효과를 지니는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 자아효능감이 직무스트레스에 유의미한 영향을 미치지만 이는 집단효능감을 통해 영향을 미치는 것이다. 따라서 실제 조직 내 구성원들의 직무스트레스를 줄이기 위해서는 집단효능감의 증진을 통해 자아효능감을 높이는 것이 중요한 것임을 알 수 있다.

Relationship between Occupational Stress and Gastric Disease in Male Workers

임호섭,박상현,공은희,최종순,김정원 대한가정의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.33 No.5

Background: Physical and mental health of workers is threatened due to various events and chronic occupational stress. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and gastric disease in male workers of the shipbuilding industry. Methods: Occupational stress measured among a total of 498 workers of a shipbuilding firm who visited the hospital for health examination using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS)-short form, and the relationship between sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, and gastric disease, and the distribution of occupational stress by sociodemographic factors in the gastric disease group was examined. Results: There was no significant association between gastric disease and total occupational stress score and its seven sub-factors. The analysis showed that risk of gastric disease was significantly higher in the Q1 group in which the stress caused by occupational discomfort among seven sub-factors was lowest than that in the Q4 group (odds ratio, 2.819; 95%confidence interval, 1.151 to 6.908). Analysis only on the gastric disease group showed that the stress score of laborers was higher in the four sub-factors than that of office workers (P < 0.05). Analysis on educational background showed that the scores of the three sub-factors were lower in subjects who’s highest level of education was high school (P < 0.01). Conclusion: This study suggests that it is necessary to improve the culture of Korean collectivism in the workplace and to manage the occupational stress in the low-educated and laborers. It is recommended for future studies to confirm the causal relationship between occupational stress and gastric disease by large scale studies using a KOSS which appropriately reflects workplace culture.

지역거점 공공의료원 종사자들의 직무스트레스 영향요인

이은환 사단법인 대한보건협회 2019 대한보건연구 Vol.45 No.1

Objective: According to recent studies, public medical centers in Korea have difficulty in securing high quality manpower due to frequent turnover of workers, and occupational stress is pointed out as the main cause. This study aims to explore factors associated with occupational stress among public medical centers employees. Methods: In this study, a survey was conducted to measure the occupational stress of workers at 33 local public medical centers throughout the nation in Korea. A structured self-administered questionnaire based on the internet was sent to all the employees and a total of 1,476 respondents participated. The shorten Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), which is the most widely used to measure occupational stress in previous studies, was used. The research model consisted of the socio-demographic, job-related, and socio-psychological characteristics of the subjects and analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that factors affecting the occupational stress of the employees in the public medical centers were higher age, higher level of education, and workers who face patients directly such as nurses and medical staffs. On the other hand, the longer the number of working years and the higher the job satisfaction, the lower the occupational stress. Conclusions: This study is meaningful in that it is the first to date which investigates the occupational stress of not only nurses but also various occupations in all public medical centers throughout the nation in Korea. The results of this study can be used as an important material for the management of the workers in public medical centers to support the public health reinforcement policy of the government. 연구목적: 최근 연구에 따르면 우리나라 공공의료원은 종사자들의 잦은 이직으로 인해 양질의 인력 확보에 어려움을 겪고 있고, 이직의 주요 원인으로 직무스트레스가 지적되었다. 이 연구는 우리나라 지역거점 공공의료원 종사자들의 직무스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 찾고자 수행되었다. 연구방법: 이 연구에서는 전국 33개 지역거점 공공의료원의 종사자들을 대상으로 직무스트레스를 측정하기 위한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 구조화된 자기기입식 설문지를 종사자 전원에게 발송하였고, 총 1,476명의 응답자가 참여하였다. 직무스트레스 측정도구는 선행연구에서 가장 널리 쓰이는 한국인의 직무스트레스 측정도구(Korean Occupational Stress Scale, KOSS)의 단축형을 사용하였다. 연구모형은 연구대상자의 인구사회학적 특성, 직무 관련 특성, 사회심리적 특성으로 구성하였고, 위계적 다중회귀분석을 통해 모형을 분석하였다. 연구결과: 이 연구에서 지역거점 공공의료원 종사자들의 직무스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 연령이 증가할수록, 교육수준이 높을수록, 그리고 단순기능직에 비해 간호직 등 환자와 직접 대면하는 직종의 직무스트레스가 유의하게 높았다. 반면 근무년수가 높을수록, 그리고 직무만족도가 높을수록 직무스트레스는 유의하게 감소하였다결론: 이 연구는 우리나라 전국 33개 지역거점 공공의료원에 대해 다양한 직종을 포괄하여 종사자들의 직무스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 첫 사례이다. 이 연구의 결과는 정부의 공공의료 강화정책을 뒷받침하기 위한 지역거점 공공의료원의 인력관리에 중요한 참고 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Occupational Stress and Quality of Life in Mental Health Welfare Center Workers

김우정,이광헌,윤보현,이종훈,김문두,정영은,Min-Jung Soh,이상열 대한우울조울병학회 2020 우울조울병 Vol.18 No.1

Background: This study aimed to examine the occupational stress and quality of life of mental health welfare center workers and to identify the impact of occupational stress on compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Methods: This study included 588 employees working at 15 provincial/municipal/regional mental health welfare centers. Demographic and psychosocial factors were surveyed. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The high-risk group for occupational stress showed low compassion satisfaction, high burnout, and high secondary traumatic stress. Compassion satisfaction showed a significant negative correlation with occupational stress. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress showed a significant positive correlation with occupational stress. Occupational stress factors affecting compassion satisfaction included lack of reward (β=−0.155, p<0.001), whereas those affecting burnout included physical environment (β=0.028, p<0.01), job demand (β=0.042, p<0.001), relationship conflict (β=0.033, p<0.01), job instability (β=0.016, p<0.01), lack of reward (β=0.051, p<0.001), and occupational climate (β=0.024, p<0.01). Additionally, occupational stress factors affecting secondary traumatic stress included physical environment (β=0.063, p<0.001) and job instability (β=0.020, p<0.05). Conclusion: Occupational stress had a significant impact on compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Therefore, active interventions against occupational stress factors are necessary to improve the quality of life of mental health welfare center workers.

지방공무원의 직무스트레스가 구강건강 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

홍민희 ( Min Hee Hong ) 한국치위생학회 2012 한국치위생학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Objectives: This study looked at the relationship between occupational stress and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), to evaluate the effect of occupational stress-related factors. Methods: Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 260 local officials in Gangwondo. The research comprised three questions relating to subjective oral symptoms, an occupational stress measurement tool and an oral health impact factor which was composed of questions. The data was analysed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and path analysis in Amos. Results: Occupational stress had a positive correlation to drinking frequency, Oral symptoms had a negative correlation, And drinking frequency, smoking amount and occupational stress had a positive correlation to oral symptoms, It denoted that drinking frequency, occupational stress and oral symptoms had a negative correlation to OHIP, The path model had an excellent goodness of fit (p=0.07, namely p>0.05). Five ``goodness-of-fit indices`` of the model were all above 0.9: GFI=0.987, AGFI=0.952, NFI=0.902, IFI=0.939, CFI=0.934), and its RMSEA was 0.045. Occupational stress and oral symptoms had a firsthand impact on OHIP. In addition, it affected OHIP through the parameters of oral symptoms, Occupational stress exercised a firsthand influence on drinking frequency, drinking frequency exercised a firsthand influence on smoking amount, Smoking amount had a firsthand impact on oral symptoms, Conclusions: Oral health education programs for the development of an improved oral hygiene environment through reduction in drinking and smoking also need to focus on relieving stress by improving workplace culture. In addition, due to good communication is required to reduce occupational stress caused by interpersonal conflict.

환경영향평가 전문가의 직무스트레스 수준 및 관련 요인

지동하,전혜리,최수현,손부순,최미숙,Ji, Dong-Ha,Jeon, Hye-Ri,Choi, Soo-Hyun,Son, Bu-Soon,Choi, Mi-Suk 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5

A number of recent studies have shown that occupational stress is closely associated with increased fatigue and decreased job satisfaction. This study was designed to assess stress in workers in the field of EIA (environment impact assessment) from July 2009 through september 2009, and questionnaires were uesd to analyze the stress scores and identify the primary factors influencing stress in this occupation. The number of respondents was 272 working in the Capital (Seoul and Kyunggido), Chungcheongdo, Jejudo area. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' socio-demographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, reaction factor (self-perceived fatigue, job satisfaction) and buffer factor (social support). Occupational stress and self-perceived fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between occupational stress, job satisfaction, and social support, with occupational stress being associated with an increased risk of fatigue and decreased job satisfaction. In the multiple regression analysis(stepwise), the main factors influencing occupational stress were found to be job satisfaction, supervisor, fatigue, working time, no. of personnel, career. The results of this study suggest that occupational stress is a determinant predictor of self perceived fatigue and job satisfaction. Thus, a strong recommendation is made for a stress management program for reduction of occupational stress, and for the development of relevant experts on the health and quality of life of environment impact assessment workers.

변호사의 직무 스트레스가 사회심리적 스트레스에 미치는 영향

채상국,김정림,이경종,박재범 대한변호사협회 2016 人權과 正義 : 大韓辯護士協會誌 Vol.- No.458

The aim of this study was to determine the association between occupational stress and psycho-social stress among lawyers in the Republic of Korea. We conducted a self-reported survey among lawyers who participated in ethics training from June to December 2014. A total of 731 questionnaires were returned; after excluding questionnaires with missing or inaccurate responses, we analyzed 681. occupational stress was evaluated by analyzing responses relating to a total of 8 questionnaires: job demand (work overload), insufficient job control (difficulties in achieving goals), lack of reward, and interpersonal conflict (with clients, opponents, law enforcement agencies, the court, and staff). With these data, psycho-social stress was evaluated by using the Psycho-social Wellbeing Index Short Form (PWI-SF). Data were analyzed with a chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Of the total 681, 575 (84.4%) reported occupational stress and 135 (19.8%) were in the high-risk group of psycho-social stress. In this study, 134 (99.3%) out of 135 lawyers in the high-risk group of psycho-social stress were exposed to occupational stress (p<0.0001). This results suggest that those with lawyer's occupational stress were 33.54 times more likely to be in high-risk group of psycho-social stress than those without of occupational stress. Lawyer's occupational stress was strongly associated with psycho-social stress. 이 연구는 우리나라 변호사의 직무 스트레스와 사회심리적 스트레스와의 관련성을 파악하기위해 수행되었다. 2014년 6월부터 12월까지 윤리연수에 참가한 변호사들을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였고, 수거된 설문지 총 731부 중 복수 응답(또는 누락)과 부정확하게 기입된 설문지를제외한 총 681부를 분석에 사용하였다. 직무 스트레스는 ‘직무요구(업무과중), 직무자율(목표 달성의 어려움), 보상부적절, 관계갈등(의뢰인, 상대방, 수사기관, 법원, 동료)’의 총 8문항에 대한 응답을 분석하여 평가하였고, 사회심리적 스트레스는 사회 심리적 건강측정도구 단축형(PWI-SF)을 사용하여 평가하였다. 분석 방법은 카이제곱 검정(Chi-squared test)과 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석(Multiple logistic regression analysis)을 사용하였다. 전체대상자 681명 중 575명(84.4%)이 직무 스트레스에 노출되어 있었고, 135명(19.8%)이 사회심리적 스트레스의 고위험군에 속하였다. 사회심리적 스트레스 고위험군에속하는 135명 중 134명(99.3%)이 직무 스트레스를 경험하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 직무 스트레스에노출되어 있는 집단은 그렇지 않은 집단에 비해 사회심리적 스트레스의 고위험군에 속할 위험이 약33.5배 높았다. 따라서 변호사의 직무 스트레스는 변호사의 사회심리적 스트레스를 결정하는데 있어서중요한 요인으로 작용하였다.