親しい友人にものを借りる場面の日韓比較 ―「他人(ひと)のものだ」という感覚に焦点を当てて―

나카무라 유리,Oikawa Hiroe,후지타 토모히사 한국일본어학회 2017 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.54

This paper is a research to compare of the sense that “the object is the other party’s possession” of Japanese and Korean university students when borrowing objects from a close friend. As a result the following 5 points were drawn from the study. (1) Japanese and Korean students both have the strong sense that even when borrowing from a close friend the object is the other party’s exclusive possession regardless of the type or position of the object. (2) For both Japanese and Korean students the sense that “the object is the other party’s possession” in genaral becomes stronger in the order of “eraser < phone charger < laptop”. (3) For Korean students, regardless of the type, the closer the object is positioned to the other party, the more it enhances the sense that “the object is the other party’s possession”. On the other hand, for Japanese students trivial objects are influenced by the position but otherwise are not influenced by position. (4) For Japanese students, regardless of the type and position of the object, the responses to the sense that “the object is the other party’s possession” are densely distributed on “very strong” and many share the similar sense. In contrast, Korean students show large individual variations when trivial objects are positioned close to the borrower or in between the borrower and owner. (5) Regardless of the type and position of the object, Japanese students have the stronger sense of “the object is the other party’s possession” than Korean students have. 本稿は、日韓の大学生が親しい友人にものを借りる際の「他人(ひと)のものだ」という感覚の傾向を調査・比較したものである。その結果、大きく以下の5点が分かった。 (1) 日韓ともに、たとえ親しい友人のものでも、ものの種類や位置に関わらず、借りる側はそれが相手の専有物であるという感覚を強く持っている。 (2) 日韓ともに、概ね「消しゴム<充電器<ノートパソコン」の順に「他人(ひと)のものだ」という感覚が強まる。 (3) 韓国の場合は、ものの種類に関わらず、相手の所有物が相手の近くにあることが「他人(ひと)のものだ」という感覚を強める要因となるが、日本の場合は、軽微なものほど位置による影響を受けやすく、そうでないものの場合には位置による影響は受けにくい。 (4) 日本は、ものの種類や位置に関わらず、「他人(ひと)のものだ」という感覚が「非常に強い」という回答への集中度が高く、似たような感覚を持っている人が多いのに対し、韓国は、軽微なものが借り手の近く、もしくは借り手と持ち主の間にある場合には、個人差が大きい。 (5) ものの種類や位置に関わらず、日本の方が韓国よりも「他人(ひと)のものだ」という感覚をより強く感じている。

“S+是+A+V+的+O”句与“S+是+A+V+O+的”句中的 宾语位置考察

김선희,림문연 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2013 외국학연구 Vol.- No.24

By comparing the position of object in A sentence pattern (“S+shi+A+V+de+O”) and B sentence pattern (“S+shi+A+V+O+de” ), we can get the following three conclusions. First, the pattern of sentences A and B can be interchanged in one condition, when the action of A sentence is in the past. Second, even when the object is “personal pronoun”, is not a sufficient condition of using B sentence pattern. Third, the position of object in achieved sentence pattern “shi……de” is closely related to significance of the verb and object. The object of “shi……de” sentence can be used in front of “de”, when the verb and object are closely related in meaning. The object of “shi……de” sentence can be used after “de”, when the object is changed to formal object and has a loosely related to the verb.

親しい友人にものを借りる場面の日韓比較

中村有里(나카무라 유리),及川 ひろ?(오이카와 히로에),藤田 智彦(후지타 도모히코) 한국일본어학회 2017 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.54

본고는 한일 대학생들이 친한 친구에게 물건을 빌릴 때 ‘남의 물건이다’라는 감각의 경향을 조사・비교한 것이다. 그 결과, 크게 다음의 5가지 유형으로 도출하였다. (1) 한일 모두 비록 친한 친구의 물건이라도, 물건의 종류나 놓여진 위치에 상관없이 빌리는 사람은 그것이 상대의 전유물이라는 감각을 강하게 가지고 있다. (2) 한일 모두 대체로 ‘지우개 < 충전기 < 노트북’ 순으로 ‘남의 물건이다’라는 감각이 강해진다. (3) 한국의 경우 물건의 종류에 상관없이 상대방의 소유물이 상대의 가까이에 있는 것이 ‘남의 물건이다’라는 감각을 강화하는 요인이 되지만, 일본의 경우는 경미한 물건일수록 위치에 따른 영향을 받기 쉽고, 그렇지 않은 물건의 경우에는 위치의 영향을 크게 받지 않는다. (4) 일본은 물건의 종류나 위치에 상관없이 ‘남의 물건이다’는 감각이 ‘아주 강하다’라는 응답에 대한 집중도가 높고, 유사한 감각을 가진 사람이 많은 반면, 한국은 경미한 물건이 빌리는 사람 근처에 인접하거나 빌리는 사람과 물건의 주인 사이에 있을 경우에는 개인차가 큰 것으로 나타났다. (5) 물건의 종류나 위치에 상관없이 일본이 한국보다 ‘남의 것이다’라는 감각을 더 강하게 인식하고 있다. This paper is a research to compare of the sense that “the object is the other party’s possession” of Japanese and Korean university students when borrowing objects from a close friend. As a result the following 5 points were drawn from the study. (1) Japanese and Korean students both have the strong sense that even when borrowing from a close friend the object is the other party’s exclusive possession regardless of the type or position of the object. (2) For both Japanese and Korean students the sense that “the object is the other party’s possession” in genaral becomes stronger in the order of “eraser < phone charger < laptop”. (3) For Korean students, regardless of the type, the closer the object is positioned to the other party, the more it enhances the sense that “the object is the other party’s possession”. On the other hand, for Japanese students trivial objects are influenced by the position but otherwise are not influenced by position. (4) For Japanese students, regardless of the type and position of the object, the responses to the sense that “the object is the other party’s possession” are densely distributed on “very strong” and many share the similar sense. In contrast, Korean students show large individual variations when trivial objects are positioned close to the borrower or in between the borrower and owner. (5) Regardless of the type and position of the object, Japanese students have the stronger sense of “the object is the other party’s possession” than Korean students have.

터널 내 딥러닝 객체인식 오탐지 데이터의 반복 재학습을 통한 자가 추론 성능 향상 방법에 관한 연구

이규범,신휴성 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2024 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.26 No.2

터널 내 CCTV를 통한 딥러닝 객체인식 적용에 있어서 터널의 열악한 환경조건, 즉 낮은 조도 및 심한 원근현상으로 인해 오탐지가 대량 발생한다. 이 문제는 객체인식 성능에 기반한 영상유고시스템의 신뢰성 문제로 직결되므로 정탐지 향상과 더불어 오탐지의 저감 방안이 더욱 필요한 상황이다. 이에 본 논문은 딥러닝 객체인식 모델을 기반으로, 오탐지 데이터의 재학습을 통해 오탐지의 저감뿐만 아니라 정탐지 성능 향상도 함께 추구하는 오탐지 학습법을 제안한다. 본 논문 의 오탐지 학습법은 객체인식 단계를 기반으로 진행되며, 학습용 데이터셋 초기학습 - 검증용 데이터셋 추론 - 오탐지 데이터 정정 및 데이터셋 구성 - 학습용 데이터셋에 추가 후 재학습으로 이어진다. 본 논문은 이에 대한 성능을 검증하기 위해 실험을 진행하였으며, 우선 선행 실험을 통해 본 실험에 적용할 딥러닝 객체인식 모델의 최적 하이퍼파라미터를 결정하였다. 그리고 본 실험에서는 학습영상 포맷을 결정하기 위한 실험, 반복적인 오탐지 데이터셋의 재학습을 통해 장기적인 성능향상을 확인하기 위한 실험을 순차적으로 진행하였다. 그 결과, 첫 번째 본 실험에서는 추론된 영상 내에서 객체를 제외한 배경을 제거시키는 경우보다 배경을 포함시키는 경우가 객체인식 성능에 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, 두 번째본 실험에서는 재학습 차수별 독립적으로 오탐지 데이터를 재학습시키는 경우보다 차수마다 발생하는 오탐지 데이터를 누적시켜 재학습 시키는 경우가 지속적인 객체인식 성능 향상 측면에서 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 두 실험을 통해 결정된 방법으로 오탐지 데이터 재학습을 진행한 결과, 차량 객체 클래스는 1차 재학습 이후부터 AP값이 0.95 이상 우수한 추론 성능이 발현되었으며, 5차 재학습까지 초기 추론 대비 약 1.06배 추론성능이 향상되었다. 보행자 객체 클래스는 재학습 이 진행됨에 따라 지속적으로 추론 성능이 향상되었으며, 18차 재학습까지 초기 추론대비 2.3배 이상 추론성능이 자가 향상될 수 있음을 보였다. In the application of deep learning object detection via CCTV in tunnels, a large number of false positive detections occur due to the poor environmental conditions of tunnels, such as low illumination and severe perspective effect. This problem directly impacts the reliability of the tunnel CCTV-based accident detection system reliant on object detection performance. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the number of false positive detections while also enhancing the number of true positive detections. Based on a deep learning object detection model, this paper proposes a false positive data training method that not only reduces false positives but also improves true positive detection performance through retraining of false positive data. This paper’s false positive data training method is based on the following steps: initial training of a training dataset - inference of a validation dataset - correction of false positive data and dataset composition - addition to the training dataset and retraining. In this paper, experiments were conducted to verify the performance of this method. First, the optimal hyperparameters of the deep learning object detection model to be applied in this experiment were determined through previous experiments. Then, in this experiment, training image format was determined, and experiments were conducted sequentially to check the long-termperformance improvement through retraining of repeated false detection datasets. As a result, in the first experiment, it was found that the inclusion of the background in the inferred image was more advantageous for object detection performance than the removal of the background excluding the object. In the second experiment, it was found that retraining by accumulating false positives from each level of retraining was more advantageous than retraining independently for each level of retraining in terms of continuous improvement of object detection performance. After retraining the false positive data with the method determined in the two experiments, the car object class showed excellent inference performance with an AP value of 0.95 or higher after the first retraining, and by the fifth retraining, the inference performance was improved by about 1.06 times compared to the initial inference. And the person object class continued to improve its inference performance as retraining progressed, and by the 18th retraining, it showed that it could self-improve its inference performance by more than 2.3 times compared to the initial inference.

유동 분류사 구문에서의 주어-목적어 비대칭성

홍용철 한국생성문법학회 2019 생성문법연구 Vol.29 No.4

This paper examines the distribution of floating numeral classifiers in Korean, including their well-known subject-object asymmetry. We argue that their distribution can be accounted for by combining Bošković’s (2004) generalization that adjunct quantifiers cannot float in θ-positions and Hong’s (1994) generalization that Case-markers are optional to arguments in the complement position but obligatory to arguments in other positions. Even though numeral classifiers are free to be an argument or an adjunct, the complement position is the only position where Caseless numeral classifiers can occur as an argument because it is the only position where Case-markers are optional (Hong’s generalization). In Spec,vP position, only Case-marked numeral classifiers can occur; Caseless ones cannot occur either as an argument or as an adjunct because arguments in this position must have a Case-marker (Hong’s generalization), and because adjuncts cannot occur in θ-positions (Bošković’s generalization). In the other positions, which are non θ-positions, Caseless numeral classifiers can occur only as an adjunct (Bošković’s generalization) and Case-marked ones only as an a (moved) argument (Hong’s generalization). It is also shown that the distinction between argument floating numeral classifiers and adjunct floating numeral classifiers is supported by their different prosodic properties.

Raising to Object Constructions in Korean

김창수 ( Chang Soo Kim ) 대한영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.37 No.4

Korean has Raising to Object constructions that a nominative marked embedded subject can be an optionally accusative marked NP. This paper aims to survey which position the accusative marked NP occupies in the surface. I propose that the accusative marked NP is in a matrix A-position in the surface and that the accusative marked NP is base-generated at the lower clause edge position. In section 2, I present the accusative marked NP occupies some position higher than the CP containing the overt complementizer -ko. In section 3, I show the accusative marked NP occupying the position above the CP cannot be linked to its thematic position via movement, and thus it must be base-generated there in Control constructions. In section 4, I suggest this accusative marked NP’s base-generated position cannot be the matrix object position, but must be a part of embedded clause at the Spec of CP2, being higher than CP1. (Konyang University)

대상관계이론에서 본 우울증과 영성: 클라인, 페어베언, 위니캇의 이론을 중심으로

이재훈 한국목회상담학회 2008 목회와 상담 Vol.10 No.-

처음으로 우울증을 정신분석학적으로 탐구한 프로이트는 그것의 본질을 대상의 그림자가 지아 위에 깃들이게 된 것으로 보았다. 프로이트의 연구를 이어 받은 클라인은 그 대상의 그림자가 무엇을 의미하는지를 좀 더 구체적으로 밝히면서, 그것을 우울적 자리에 도달하지 못한 발달적 실패로 규정하였다. 클라인에게 있어서 대상의 그림자는 대상의 사랑에 의해 수정되지 못한 유아 자신의 공격성과 그에 따른 환상속의 공포 또는 죄책감이다. 페어베언에게 있어서 대상의 그림자는 대상에 의해 사랑받지 못한 대상에 대한 사랑이다. 그 결과, 나쁘고 무서운 내적 대상이 무의식 안에 존재하게 되고, 허약하고 도피적이며 철수한 인격이 발생하게 된다. 위니캇에게 있어서 대상의 그림자는 유아를 안아주지 못하고, 다루어주지 못하며, 적응해주지 못하고, 반영해주지 못하고, 버텨주지 못하는 충분히 좋지 못한 환경을 의미한다. 그때 유아는 진정한 자기로서의 참자기의 삶을 포기하고 대상의 그림자로서의 거짓자기의 삶을 살아가게 된다. 클라인에게 있어서 영성적 삶은 편집 분열적 자리를 극복하고 우울적 자리의 삶을 살아가는 것이다. 그러기 위해서는 최초의 애도과정을 성취해내야 한다. 페어베언에게 있어서 영성적 삶은 내면의 폐쇄체계에서 현실의 대상세계로 나와야 하며, 그러기 위해서는 좋은 대상에서 비쳐 나오는 빛으로 대상의 그림자를 몰아내야 한다. 위니캇에게 있어서 영성적 삶은 참자기의 삶을 사는 것, 즉 창조적인 삶, 놀이적인 삶, 문화와 예술과 종교를 즐기는 삶을 사는 것이다. Freud who explored the melancholia for the first time, considered its essence as the shadow of the object that fell on the ego. Klein who continued the study following Freud, defined it as the developmental failure to arrive at the depressive position, elaborating specifically the meaning of the shadow of the object, For Klein, it is the aggression of the infant itself and the fear or guilt in the phantasy, unmodified by the love of the object. For Fairbaim, it is the infant`s love toward the object that is not accepted as something good. As its result, internal bad and fearful objects takes place in the child`s unconscious which leads to the emergence of a weak, avoiding, and withdrawn personality. For Winnicott, it is the environment which is not good enough to be able to hold, handle, provide, mirror, and survive for the child. Then the baby give up the life of the true self and start the life of the false self. For Klein, the spirituality means toovercome the paranoid-schizoidposition to arrive at the depressive position. It requires the completion of the mourning process. For Fairbaim, the spirituality means to live in the real world of object relations rather than the life of sealed-offinner world. To expel the bad object, the lights of the good object is necessary. For Winnicott, the spiritual life is to live the true self, that is creative and playful, enjoying culture, art and religion.

親しい友人にものを借りる際のストラテジ-の日韓比較

中村有里(나카무라 유리),及川ひろ?(오이카와 히로에),藤田智彦(후지타 도모히코) 한국일본어학회 2018 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.57

본고는 한국 및 일본 대학생들이 친한 친구에게 물건을 빌릴 때 전략의 경향을 파악하기 위해 물건의 종류 및 물건이 놓여진 위치가 다른 9가지 장면을 설정해서 설문조사를 실시하고, 그 결과를 조사 · 비교한 것이다. 그 결과, 크게 다음의 5가지 유형으로 도출하였다. (1) 한일 모두 물건의 종류나 물건이 놓여진 위치에 상관없이 회답 비율이 높은 것부터 순서대로 “사전양해형-언어”, “사후보고형-언어”, “사전양해형-비언어”, “사후보고형-비언어”로 되어 있으며, 언어적인 전략이 주로 사용된다. (2) 한일 모두 물건이 경미한 만큼 물건 주인에게 가까울수록 사전양해형 전략을 더, 사후보고형 전략을 덜 사용하게 된다. (3) 한일 모두 물건이 그 주인에게 멀어진 만큼 물건이 경미하지 않을수록 사전양해형 전략을 더, 사후보고형 전략을 덜 사용하게 된다. (4) 한국의 경우에는 “물건의 종류”와 “물건의 놓여진 위치”가 각각 독립적으로 전략에 영향을 미치는 반면, 일본의 경우에는 “물건의 종류”로 인한 영향이 앞서 있어서 “물건의 종류”가 “물건이 놓여진 위치”로 인한 영향의 크기를 좌우한다. (5) 물건의 종류나 물건이 놓여진 위치에 상관없이 일본은 “사전양해형-언어”가 1위로 선택되어 있는 비율이 한국보다, 한국은 “사후보고형-언어”가 1위로 선택되어 있는 비율이 일본보다 유의하게 높다. 게다가 일본은 “사전보고형-비언어”가 회답으로 선택되어 있지 않은 비율이 한국보다 유의하게 높다. 또 그러한 경향은 경미한 물건이 빌리는 사람 근처 혹은 빌리는 사람과 물건 주인 사이에 있을 경우에 보다 강해진다. In this paper, in order to grasp the tendencies of the strategy used when Japanese and Korean university students borrow objects from a close friend, we set up nine scenes with different types of objects and positions where objects were placed, and conducted questionnaires. The results were compared and examined and the following 5 points were drawn from the study. (1) Regardless of the type and the position of objects, in both Japan and Korea, the highest percentage of responses is "linguistic strategy before the act", the next is "linguistic one after the act", the third is "non-linguistic one before the act", the fourth is "non-linguistic one after the act". As such, linguistic strategies are mainly used. (2) In both Japan and Korea, the more trivial the object, and the more the object gets close to the owner, the more the strategies before the act, and the less the strategies after the act are used. (3) In both Japan and Korea, the farther the object is from the owner, and the less trivial the object is, the more the strategies before the act, and the less the strategies after the act are used. (4) In Korea, "the type of objects" and "the position of objects" independently affect the strategies, whereas in Japan the influence by "the type of objects" precedes, and "the type of objects" affects the magnitude of the influence of "the position of objects". (5) Regardless of the type and the position of objects, in Japan the percentage that "linguistic strategy before the act" is selected as first place, and in Korea the percentage that "linguistic one after the act" is selected as first place, is significantly higher than that in the other country. Also in Japan the percentage that "non-linguistic one after the act" isn"t selected as any strategy is significantly higher than that in Korea. This tendency also gets stronger when trivial objects are near the borrower or between the borrower and the owner.

親しい友人にものを借りる際のストラテジーの日韓比較 ─ 大学生を対象として ─

나카무라 유리,오이카와 히로에,후지타 토모히코 한국일본어학회 2018 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.57

In this paper, in order to grasp the tendencies of the strategy used when Japanese and Korean university students borrow objects from a close friend, we set up nine scenes with different types of objects and positions where objects were placed, and conducted questionnaires. The results were compared and examined and the following 5 points were drawn from the study. (1) Regardless of the type and the position of objects, in both Japan and Korea, the highest percentage of responses is "linguistic strategy before the act", the next is "linguistic one after the act", the third is "non-linguistic one before the act", the fourth is "non-linguistic one after the act". As such, linguistic strategies are mainly used . (2) In both Japan and Korea, the more trivial the object, and the more the object gets close to the owner, the more the strategies before the act, and the less the strategies after the act are used. (3) In both Japan and Korea, the farther the object is from the owner, and the less trivial the object is, the more the strategies before the act, and the less the strategies after the act are used. (4) In Korea, "the type of objects" and "the position of objects" independently affect the strategies, whereas in Japan the influence by "the type of objects" precedes, and "the type of objects" affects the magnitude of the influence of "the position of objects". (5) Regardless of the type and the position of objects, in Japan the percentage that "linguistic strategy before the act" is selected as first place, and in Korea the percentage that "linguistic one after the act" is selected as first place, is significantly higher than that in the other country. Also in Japan the percentage that "non-linguistic one after the act" isn't selected as any strategy is significantly higher than that in Korea. This tendency also gets stronger when trivial objects are near the borrower or between the borrower and the owner. 本稿は、日本及び韓国の大学生が親しい友人にものを借りる際のストラテジーの傾向を把握するため、ものの種類及びものが置かれた位置の異なる9つの場面を設定してアンケート調査を実施し、その結果を調査・比較したものである。その結果、大きく以下の5点が分かった。 (1) 日韓ともに、ものの種類や位置に関わらず、回答の割合が高いものから順に「事前断り型・言語」「事後報告型・言語」「事前断り型・非言語」「事後報告型・非言語」となっており、言語的ストラテジーが主に用いられる。 (2) 日韓ともに、軽微なものほど、持ち主に近くなるにつれて、事前断り型ストラテジーが用いられやすく、事後報告型ストラテジーが用いられにくくなる。 (3) 日韓ともに、持ち主から遠いほど、ものが軽微でなくなるにつれて、事前断り型ストラテジーが用いられやすく、事後報告型ストラテジーが用いられにくくなる。 (4) 韓国は「ものの種類」と「ものの位置」がそれぞれ独立して、ストラテジーに影響を与えるのに対し、日本は「ものの種類」による影響の方が先立っており、「ものの種類」が「ものの位置」による影響の大きさを左右している。 (5) ものの種類やものが置かれた位置に関わらず、日本は「事前断り型・言語」が1位に選ばれている割合が韓国より、韓国は「事後報告型・言語」が1位に選ばれている割合が日本より、さらに、日本は「事後報告型・非言語」が回答として選ばれていない割合が韓国より、有意に高い。また、こうした傾向は、軽微なものが借り手の近く、もしくは借り手と持ち主の間にある場合に、より強まる。

Basic Algorithms of Adaptive Position-path Control Systems for Mobile Units

V. Pshikhopov,M. Medvedev,B. Gurenko,M. Beresnev 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Today, mobile objects are finding increasing usage in a wide variety of applications. Robots have been put to use in the air, on the ground and under the sea. Along with this expansion in robot technology, the problem of control and autonomous decision making is an ongoing concern, especially in light of the increasing difficulty of tasks. This study is focused on the algorithms of adaptive control system for mobile objects. The authors examined the application of direct adaptive control with reference to model approaches, in particular the position-path method. Point positioning is discussed, and the authors propose a method for efficiency improvement. Parametric uncertainty and influence of immeasurable disturbances are expected. Basic algorithms for the calculation of controlling forces and moments are synthesized using the position-path control method. The authors propose a structure and algorithms of an adaptive position-path system with a reference model. The synthesis of adaptive regulator and stability analysis of closed-loop system is performed, and an example of regulator synthesis is given. Finally, the authors present simulation results for an autonomous unmanned underwater vehicle equipped with a main engine, nose and hydrodynamic rudders on the tail. Along with this, horizontal and vertical maneuvering devices are presented.