해외 자연사박물관의 전시구조 및 공간체계 분석에 관한연구

이승용 ( Lee Seungyong ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.7

(Background and Purpose) The natural history museums in Korea and abroad, which are operated today, are characterized by the humanities and social and natural environments of each country, and are not greatly influenced by policies of the government and local governments, unlike other museums in history and science. In addition, Korea’s Natural History Museum is experiencing social problems such as a decrease in the number of visitors as compared to a quantitative increase, while the Overseas Natural History Museum has a large number of visitors. Today, the exhibition of the natural history museum is planned as a media-centered structure, and communication between the audience and exhibition planners is expressed in a one-way manner. In view of the reality of the natural history museum, the Korean natural history museum aims to deliver descriptive information that excludes the exhibition system form of narratives, which is a meaningful way of thinking, and shows the form of information and exhibition structure in one-way media-centered structure. In this study, we analyze the exhibition structure and spatial system of the Overseas Natural History Museum to determine why and its characteristics. (Method) This study was conducted on a specialized natural history museum operating overseas, and the purpose of the analysis was to identify problems and characteristics of the exhibition structure, system, and space. In addition, problems and solutions were presented based on results of the research analysis, and the research method was conducted by visiting overseas natural history museums and comparing and analyzing interviews, almanacs and literature, and web surveys with the museum’s director. (Results) It was found that the characteristics of the independent composition of Picalesk were clearly shown in the formality classification system of overseas natural history museums, as the unique characteristics of natural history museums, such as history, environment, and temporal characteristics, were implemented in the exhibition system and space, and the analyzed cases were identified as a result of research analysis. The scope of the exhibition was not limited to the region, so that visitors could effectively accommodate vast amount of information in the form of education. (Conclusions) The purpose of this study was to analyze the exhibition system, structure, and space composition of the Overseas Natural History Museum case and suggest the form of exhibition structure in which visitors can more effectively accept information by drawing up the problems and characteristics of the museum, and to present basic data that can be used when planning exhibitions or constructing spaces in the natural history museum.

자연사박물관의 진화관 전시물 패널에 반영된 과학의 본성 분석 : 서대문 자연사박물관과 시카고 자연사박물관을 중심으로

정감순,민병미,김동렬,손연아 韓國生物敎育學會 2012 생물교육 Vol.40 No.2

This study was to analyze the degree of reflection of the nature of science in the exhibitions of Evolution House at Seodaemun Museum of Natural History and the Field Museum in Chicago according to the framework for analysis in regards to the nature of science and discover how well they perform the roles as informal educational venues. The nature of science, which was applied to the exhibition in Evolution House, mostly reflected the domain of the generation of scientific knowledge that was relevant to "Category I (Knowledge generated by science and the nature of science- Seodaemun Museum of Natural History 92%(78/85), the Field Museum in Chicago 86%(224/259))". The exhibitions relevant to "Category II (Participation in the process of experiment, scientific process function, and deduction- Seodaemun Museum of Natural History 19%(16/85), the Field Museum in Chicago 22%(58/259))" and "Category III (Thoughts of scientists, work and scientific mind- Seodaemun Museum of Natural History 5%(4/85), the Field Museum in Chicago 17%(44/259)" had the second highest percentage. As for the domain of "Category IV (Relationships and interactions among the social structure and sociality of knowledge, technology, and science- Seodaemun Museum of Natural History 0%(0/85), the Field Museum in Chicago 2%(5/259)), it showed that the reflected exhibition could not be found at Seodaemun Museum of Natural History, and it was reflected at very low rates at the Field Museum in Chicago. Based on these results, it could be known that the nature of science was as yet concentrated on one aspect at the natural history museums in Korea and overseas, and it was judged that they were insufficient to play the role as the best place for students to directly experience the nature of science, which is hard to manage at schools.

국립자연사박물관 설립 추진을 위한 여정: 과학관과 자연사박물관의 관계를 중심으로

신향숙,문만용 한국과학사학회 2023 한국과학사학회지 Vol.45 No.3

In South Korea, the role of natural history museums has been closely linked to the nature of the National Science Museum since shortly after liberation. However, scientists studying nature in Korea believed that natural history museums should also play a significant role in research, which led to disagreements with the Ministry of Science and Technology, which saw science museums primarily as public relations spaces. As a result, scientists pushed for a natural history museum in cooperation with the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, but this was halted due to the 1997 foreign exchange crisis. In addition, a preliminary feasibility study in 2001 highlighted problems of low economic feasibility and overlap with existing institutions with similar functions, and the National Museum of Natural History has not yet been built. The Korean National Science Museum is characterized as a comprehensive science museum that includes the functions of a natural history museum in addition to the functions of a science center that displays scientific artifacts and make scientific principles tangible, making it difficult to establish an independent natural history museum. Therefore, the rhetoric that Korea is the only country without a natural history museum is no longer effective. It is now necessary to clearly define the identity of a natural history museum through historical analysis of previous attempts to establish one, and to explore new approaches to overcome existing obstacles.

해외 국립자연사박물관의 전시 프로그램 비교분석에 의한 방향성 제시에 관한 연구

손호연(Son, Ho-Yeon),공순구(Kong, Soon-Ku) 한국실내디자인학회 2017 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

Korea is the only country in the OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) that does not have a National Natural History Museum. Therefore, the National Museum of Natural History, which has comprehensive collection, research, and exhibition functions for domestic natural heritage, is needed. The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the exhibition program of the National Museum of Natural History as a comparative analysis of recent trends in what exhibition programs are organized by national, public and private grade overseas natural history museums. In the research method, the case study method was used for comparative analysis of the exhibition program. Specific researches were conducted based on recent web research, literature and preceding research data, and focused on the exhibition program of the Natural History Museum.The subjects of study were selected from the museums of overseas natural history museum, which is one of the most advanced natural history museums in the US and European countries, and recent overseas natural history museums. The exhibition system of natural history museum has a theme in mutually complementary relation of "human-nature relation" rather than the textual list display of traditional exhibition method by natural science classification system in most cases. The National Museum of Natural History, which deals with the comprehensive field of natural sciences, will have an exhibition program unique to Korea when it is built in the Republic of Korea and will be constructed as a future-oriented exhibition program in accordance with the new paradigm.

1960~70년대 제주도 관광개발 연계 제주민속자연사박물관의 건립과 위상

김나영 역사문화학회 2024 지방사와 지방문화 Vol.27 No.1

지금까지 제주민속자연사박물관에 대해서는 ‘제주도 최초의 공립박물관’ 혹은 ‘민속자료와 자연사(동식물ㆍ지질ㆍ해양 등)를 종합 전시한 전국 유일의 박물관’이라는 점에 초점이 맞춰져 있었다. 또한 관련 학술연구로는 박물관 내부 전시콘텐츠 및 교육 프로그램 개선 방안을 제시하는데 한정되어 당초 본 박물관이 지녔던 본질적인 위상과 상징성을 논하기란 다소 역부족이다. 하지만 해당 박물관 연혁에 대해 좀 더 자세히 들여다보면, 여타 지역의 공립박물관과는 다른 건립 배경을 지니고 있다. 즉, 제주민속자연사박물관은 1960~70년대 박정희 정부의 ‘조국 근대화’와 ‘국가 주도 자립경제’의 구호 아래 제주도 관광개발의 정책적 구상과 계획의 일환으로 대두되었다는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2024년 40주년 맞이하는 제주민속자연사박물관의 건립 연원과 관련한 일련의 제반 기록들을 면밀히 들여다봄으로써 1960~70년대 제주도 관광개발 정책 속 제주민속자연사박물관의 태동과 건립 경위를 추적함은 물론, 그 속에서 해당 박물관이 지닌 위상을 되짚어보았다. 그 결과 도출된 내용을 다음과 같이 요약해 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 제주민속자연사박물관은 1960~70년대 박정희 정부의 ‘조국 근대화’와 ‘국가 주도 자립경제’의 구호 아래 제주도 관광개발의 정책적 구상과 계획의 일환으로 대두되었으며, 그 시발점이자 변곡점이 되었던 것은 1961년 9월 8일 실시된 박정희 의장의 제주도 첫 내방이었다. 둘째, 1964년 제주도 지역개발을 위한 최초의 계획인 동시에 관광개발을 중점으로 한 『제주도 건설종합개발계획』 중 제주시 권역에 ‘민속관’ 건립이 처음 등장하게 되었으며, 이로써 현재의 ‘제주민속자연사박물관’ 건립을 위한 초창기 구상을 엿볼 수 있다. 이때 1964년은 제주도내 학계 및 문화계 인사들을 중심으로 제주도 전통문화의 발굴과 보존, 민속의 전승ㆍ계발 등 제주 향토연구의 구심점이 되는 ‘제주도 민속학회’를 비롯, 제주도 최초의 사립박물관인 ‘제주민속관’이 개관되는 등 잠재된 제주 고유의 문화유산의 가치 발굴과 보존ㆍ전승, 연구를 위한 움직임이 본격적으로 태동하던 시기라 할 수 있겠다. 셋째, 제주민속자연사박물관은 1960~70년대 국내 대중관광 시대의 도래에 따른 중앙정부 주도의 특색 있는 제주도 관광개발의 활성화 사업의 하나로, 문화재관리국(현 국가유산청)의 국비 예산을 지원받아 건립 추진되었다. 즉, 국내ㆍ외 외래객의 출입문인 제주항(濟州港) 및 제주공항과 근접한 곳에 전국적으로 유일무이(唯一無二)하게 제주도의 독특한 풍물 및 생활상을 한눈에 조감할 수 있는 ‘제주 속의 작은 제주’를 표상화 한 박물관을 건립함으로써 제주 관광의 첨병 역할 수행을 기대하였다. 이렇듯 1960년대 제주의 문화관광 개발의 첫 출발선상에서 태동된 제주민속자연사박물관은 건립 40년, 아니 이보다 더 긴 시간의 켜를 간직하고 있는 제주도 대표 도립박물관으로서의 위상을 지닌다 하겠다. Until now, the identity of the Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum has been focused on its status as ‘Jeju Island’s first public museum’ or ‘the only museum in the country that comprehensively exhibits folk materials and natural history (of animals and plants, geology, oceans, etc.).’ In addition, previous academic research on the museum has been limited to suggesting measures to improve exhibition content and educational programs of the museum, leaving the discussion of the museum’s original status and symbolism. However, close examination of the history of the museum reveals it has a different foundation background than public museums in other regions. Namely, the establishment of Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum emerged as a part of the policy initiatives and plan for Jeju tourism development under the slogan of ‘national modernization’ and ‘state-led self-reliant economy’ of the Park Chung-hee government in the 1960s and 1970s. Accordingly, this study aims to trace the origins and establishment of the Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum within the Jeju tourism development policy of the 1960s and 1970s and review the museum’s status within it by closely examining a series of records related to the establishment of the Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum, celebrating its 40th anniversary in 2024. The results are summarized as follows. First, the establishment of the Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum emerged as part of the policy initiatives and plans for Jeju tourism development under the slogan of ‘national modernization’ and ‘state-led self-reliant economy’ of the Park Chung-hee government in the 1960s and 1970s, of which the starting point and inflection point was Chairman Park Chung-hee’s first visit to Jeju Island on September 8, 1961. During his inspection of Jeju Island, Chairman Park noted that Jeju has abundant tourism resources, including its undeveloped beautiful natural scenery, unique traditional culture, and unique historical sites. Accordingly, he highlighted the promise of the ‘Jeju tourism project’ and instructed to prepare a realistic plan for ‘tourism development’ as a comparative advantage project and a powerful means for regional economic development and to improve Jeju’s underdeveloped standard of living. It served as a beginning for Jeju tourism development and laid the foundation for the establishment of the Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum. Second, in 1964, as the first initiative for Jeju Island’s regional development and the 〈Comprehensive Development Plan〉, which centered on tourism development, a “folk museum” in the Jeju City area was constructed, which provided a glimpse into the early conception of the current Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum. Afterwards, the construction of ‘museums’ and ‘folklore centers’ has been continuously raised in annual tourism development plans led by the state, such as 〈Jeju Island Specific Area Designation (Plan)〉 in 1966, 〈10-Year Jeju Island Comprehensive Development Plan〉 and 〈Land Use Plan for Comprehensive Development of the Jeju Area〉 in 1970. In addition, a blueprint for the foundation of the current ‘Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum’ was presented in earnest from the 〈Comprehensive Jeju Tourism Development Plan〉, established by the Blue House (Cheongwadae) Tourism Development Planning Group in 1973. It included plans to build a ‘folk museum,’ ‘botanical garden,’ and ‘folk house (土俗家)’ in ‘Samseonghyeol District (Sinsan Park area),’ which was declared as a Jeju City urban planning park district in 1952. The project was given momentum when it was confirmed and announced in February 1975 through Ministry of Construction Announcement No. 32, and the following year, in 1976, the 〈Jeju Folklore and Natural History Museum and Park Plan〉 was established, and the construction was initiated in December...

Searching for Science Education in On-Line Resources Provided by Natural History Museums

( Myeong Kyeong Shin ),( Sun Kyung Lee ),( Ji Eun Choi ),( Chan Jong Kim ),( Chang Zin Lee ),( Ho Seung Byun ),( Jin Young Lim ),( Young Soo Jung ),( Sun Kyung Lee ) 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of on-line teaching materials on websites of natural history museums, particularly with regard to educational perspectives and the nature of science. The target resources were selected from the websites of the Natural History Museum in London, the Australian Museum in Sydney, the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, and the Smithsonian Museum in Washington D,C.. A total of twelve on-line resources from these museums used in this study were selected as representative informal science teaching materials. For the investigation, this study developed a checklist with a total of nine items that were grounded on mostly reviewing previous literature and articles focusing on educational perspectives of natural history museums and science centers. Exciting and positive results were found in all four museums. The analyses, however, indicated weaknesses as well as strengths in on-line resources regarding their usages as informal science teaching venues.

자연사박물관 연구 지원 실태에 대한 국제 비교 연구

조준오,이창진 한국지구과학회 2011 한국지구과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

이 연구는 세계적인 자연사박물관의 예·결산 내역을 기능 항목 기준에 맞추어 정리한 후, 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능에 대하여 비교·분석하여 장차 한국에 세워질 국립자연사박물관의 예산배정에 대한 기준을 제시하는데 목적을 둔다. 기초 자료를 구축하기 위하여 세계적인 국립자연사박물관인 미국 국립자연사박물관, 뉴욕 아메리카자연사박물관, 영국 런던자연사박물관, 프랑스 국립자연사박물관, 일본 국립자연과학박물관의 연차보고서, 예산요청서, 재무제표,회계장부의 예산 사용과 관련된 모든 자료를 수집하였다. 각 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능에 관련된 예·결산 세부 내역을 미국 국립자연사박물관의 예·결산 자료 기준에 맞추어 재분류하였다. 자연사박물관별로 재분류한 세부 항목에 해당하는 예·결산 내역을 정리한 후, 각 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능의 금액에대하여 국제비교를 실시하였다. 그 결과 연구, 교육, 전시, 출판 기능이 가장 활성화 되었다고 평가받는 미국과 영국 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능의 예산 지출 비율이 평균 약 6:4로 분석되었다. 이것은 자연사박물관의기능이 극대화되기 위해서는 통합 연구 영역 지원 비율이 높아야 된다는 것을 의미한다. The purpose of this study is to classify the budget and settlement of global natural history museums into functional criteria, to compare and analyze the integrative research and general administrative functions of these museums,and to suggest the standard of budget compilation of the Korean National Museum of Natural History, which will be established in the near future. Annual reports, documents of budget request, financial statements and account books were collected from the following museums: SNMNH of The U.S.A, AMNH of the U.S.A, NHM of England, MNHN of France and NMNS of Japan. The integrative research and general administrative functions of the studied museums are reclassified into the criteria of budget and settlement data of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. After arranging the details regarding budget and settlement of each museum, the international comparative analysis was investigated on the amounts of the integrative research and general administrative functions among the studied museums. The comparison and analysis show the ratio of integrative research function and general administrative function in budget expenditure standard at 6:4 in natural history museums of the U.S.A and England, of which the functions of research,education, exhibition and publication are considered to be the most activated in the world. This implies that museums should increase the budget for support of integrative research to allow them to maximize their functions.

Collections Management at Korean Natural History Museums

Soo-Hyun Kim(김수현),Jong-Deock Lim(임종덕),So-Young Kim(김소영) 한국고생물학회 2008 고생물학회지 Vol.24 No.1

2000년 이후 한국의 자연사박물관 수는 급증했다. 이는 (1) 관광상품으로서의 자연사박물관의 가치 재발견, (2) 교육정책의 변화, (3) 생물주권으로서의 자연사표본들의 가치에 대한관심 증가로 인한 변화이다. 이와 같은 요인은 한국 자연사박물관의 양적인 성장을 이끌어 내었다. 관람객 서비스와 관련된 전시와 박물관 교육 부분이 발달되어 있는 것에 비해 표본 보존과 관련된 수장품 운영부분은 보다 많은 발전이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 현재 한국에 설립되어 있는 국공립 자연사박물관 5개에 대하여 전체 수장품의 수, 수장고 면적, 수장고 관리 인력 등에 관한 사항을 살펴보았다. 한국의 자연사박물관의 표본 관리 환경은 양호한 편이며 이러한 기반 시설을 바탕으로 앞으로 전시와 교육을 위한 표본 관리뿐만 아니라 보존 중심의 표본 관리를 지향해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 표본 관리 전문가 육성, 각 자연사박물관 표본 관리 정보 교환 및 공유 등 체계적인 표본 관리 시스템을 구축하는 것이 필요하다. A number of Korean natural history museums have shown sharp increase since 2000. The rapid increase of Korean natural history museums was drawn by the following three factors: The increased value of natural history museums as tour resources, the Korean educational policy changes of science education, and the increased value of specimens in natural heritage. Those three reasons have led such a dramatic quantitative difference of Korean natural history museums. Notwithstanding the fact that various exhibitions and educational theories have evolved, curators and scientific staffs still face challenges in terms of doing collections management. In order to resolve the challenges, this paper first surveyed five well-known Korean public natural history museums where we examined the total number of collections, the gross area of storage rooms, and the availability of people who can be charge of collection room management. The way in which Korean natural history museums manage their specimens is currently rated as satisfactory; thus, based on its establishment, curators and scientific staffs in the field of Museum Studies should be able to move toward preventive conservation in collections management rather than the preservation of specimens merely for exhibition and education. In order to do so, informal programs for training collections care specialists and the active networks among natural history museums for better specimen management are needed.

한국 국립자연사박물관 설립 방안 연구

이창진,조준오 한국지구과학회 2010 한국지구과학회지 Vol.31 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 기능이 극대화된 국립자연사박물관을 설립하기 위한 방안을 제시하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여1987년부터 2009년까지 국내외 자연사박물관에 대한 방문 조사와 학술적 연구를 통하여 자연사와 자연사박물관의 기원과 변천 과정을 정리하였으며, 국내 자연사 관련 박물관의 질적 양적 수준을 국제적으로 비교 하였다. 한국의 자연사박물관 수는 세계 100위권 밖에 머물러 있고 학문적 연구 능력과 표본 관리 능력 및 출판 능력은 초보적인 수준에 머물러 있다. 특히 연구원의 수가 너무 적고 연구 기반이 구축되어 있지 않으며, 전시-교육 전문가도 턱없이 부족하여 연구결과물과 학술지를 발간하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고 최적화된 국립자연사박물관을 건립하기 위해서는국립자연사박물관 설립 전에 연구-표본 관리-출판-전시-교육 기능을 활성화해야 한다. The purpose of this study was to provide a master plan for the establishment of a Korean National Museum of Natural History. The origin and development of the natural history and the natural history museum were surveyed by visiting not only Korean natural history museums but also foreign ones from 1987 to 2009. Based on the obtained information, the qualitative and quantitative status of Korean natural history museums was comparatively analyzed in terms of globalization. Results indicated that Korean natural history museums ranked more than 100th in the world, and the research, management, and publications were situated in a rudimentary stage. Particularly, the number of researchers within the area was too small, and the research environment was poor in its function and resources. In addition, the specialists on exhibition and education of the museums were too few to publish the research products and academic journal articles. For that matter, a strategy as the research-specimen management-publication-exhibition-education functions should be in place to operate before the construction of National Museum of Natural History begins.

제주민속자연사박물관의 지역 특이적 자료와 초등과학 교과서의 내용 연계 분석 : 생명 및 지구 영역 중심으로

현성환(Hyun Seong Hwan),홍승호(Hong Seung Ho) 제주대학교 초등교육연구소 2014 초등교육연구 Vol.- No.18

주 5일제 수업이 학교에 정착됨에 따라 체험학습의 기회가 늘어나면서 자연사박물관의 필요성과 교육적 기능이 부각되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 자연사박물관의 과학 전시물과 초등과학의 생명 및 지구영역의 학습 연계 방안을 모색하였다. 조사 결과 자연사박물관의 과학 전시물은 화석, 생물표본, 암석 등 풍부한 실물자료들이 전시되고 있어서 교과서나 사진으로만 학습했던 한계에서 벗어나 효과적인 학습 대상이 될 수 있다. 아울러 전시물에는 관찰, 의사소통, 해석, 추리하는 탐구 과정도 다소 포함되어 있어 단순 관람에 그치지 않고 과학 탐구 활동을 위한 장소로도 충분히 제공될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 제주도와 오름, 한라산 백록담 형성과정 등의 자료를 통해 지질 학습과 동시에 지역에 대한 애착심과 세계자연유산으로서의 자부심을 느낄 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구결과 지역의 과학시설과 같은 다른 과학 학습 소재에 대한 체험학습 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 특히 실생활 문제와 밀접한 소재부터 접근하여 학생들로 하여금 과학에 대한 흥미와 호기심을 높일 수 있는 방안을 강구해야 한다고 사료된다. The spare time of students becomes a lot more than before according to settlement of 5 day a week system tuition at school recently. Along with this, it is also increasing the chance which learn it through experience outside the school instead of educational activities in the school. Demand to cultural facilities is increasing with this. For an example, it is rising the necessity and the educational function of a natural history museum. In this study, it explores a learning connection between the scientific exhibits of a natural history museum and life and earth science divisions of the elementary science textbook. The natural history museum is exhibited the abundant real things such as fossil, biological specimen and rock. Thus, the exhibits of natural history museum can be made the effective learning target instead of the limit learned only in a textbook and a picture. The exhibits are contained the inquiry precess elements such as observation, communication, interpretation, predicting, and inferring, suggesting that the natural history museum can be provided sufficiently as location for the scientific inquiry activity. The students can learn minds to love to an area and self-confidence to world natural heritage in Jeju as well as the geological learning through materials on formation process of Jeju-Do, Oreum, and Mt, Halla Baekrokdam, and so on. As shown in the results of this study, the scientific exhibits in a natural history museum can be offered to students in an area as the wonderful science-related learning materials. Thus, it is necessary to develop continuously experience learning programs in relation to scientific facilities in an area. Particularly, it should study the casting plan which can raise interest and curiosity to science by approach from the materials close to a real life