NIRS를 이용한 삼지구엽초의 이카린 함량 분석

김용호,최병열,백흠영,이영상 한국약용작물학회 2002 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.10 No.5

삼지구엽초에 함유되어 있는 icariin 함량을 신속하게 추정하기 위하여 NIRS(근적외선 분광분석기)를 이용한 분석 방법을 검토하였다. HPLC를 이용하여 분석된 삼지구엽초 유전자원 150계통에 대한 이카린 함량치를 NIRS 스펙트럼에 적용시켜 42개의 calibration set 와 26개의 valilion set를 구분하였다. NIRS의 검량식을 몇가지 방법에 의하여 비교분석한 결과 2차미분된 스텍트럼을 MPLS(Modified Partial Least Squares)를 이용한 회귀식에 이용하는 것이 가장 적합하였다. HPLC를 이용한 유전자원들의 이카린 함량은 평균 0.424%(0.12~0.67%)이었으며, NIRS에서 도출된 검량식과의 상관계수는 0.951을 나타내었다. 따라서 삼지구엽초의 이카린 함량은 NIRS를 이용하여 신속 편리하게 분석할 수 있음이 인정되었다. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become widely accepted for rapid quantitative analysis of components in some crops. Our object was to determine icariin contents in whole plant of Epimedium koreanum by using an NIRS system. Total 150 plant samples previously analyzed by HPLC were scanned by NIRS and 68 samples were selected for calibration and validation equation. A calibration equation calculated by MPLS(modified partial least squares) regression technique was developed and a coefficient of determination in calibration and validation sets were 0.95 and 0.82, respectively. A comparison between NIRS estimation and HPLC value was performed with the remaining samples not included in the calibration and validation sets. Most of samples also showed a positive correlation like a validation set. Our results demonstrate that this developed NIRS equation can be practically used as a mass screening method for rapid quantification of icarin contents in Epimedium koreanum N.

근적외선분광분석기를 이용한 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis)의 baicalin 및 baicalein 함량 분석

김효재,김세영,이영상,김용호 한국자원식물학회 2014 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and accurate analytical method for determining the composition of agricultural products and feeds. This study was conducted to measure baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin contents in Scutellaria baicalensis by using NIRS system. Total 63 samples previously were analyzed by HPLC, which showed baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin contents ranging 4.56 to 13.59%, 0.28 to 5.54%, and 0.50 to 1.63% with an average of 9.66%, 2.09% and 0.52%, respectively. Each sample was scanned by NIRS and calculated for calibration and validation equation. A calibration equation calculated by modified partial least squares(MPLS) regression technique was developed in which the coefficient of determination for baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin content was 0.958, 0.944, and 0.709, respectively. Each calibration equation was applied to validation set that was performed with the remaining samples not included in the calibration set, which showed high positive correlation both in baicalin and baicalein content file. In case of wogonin, the prediction model was needed more accuracy because of low R 2 value in validation set. These results demonstrate that the developed NIRS equation can be practically used as a rapid screening method for quantification of baicalin and baicalein contents in Scutellaria baicalensis. 황금에 함유된 baicalin, baicalein 및 wogonin 함량을 근적외선분광분석기(NIRS)로 비파괴적으로 신속하게 할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 황금 유전자원 63종을 대상으로 NIRS로 400∼2,500 ㎚ 파장범위를 scan한 후 물리적 영향에 의한 바탕선 변화 등의 오차를 줄이고 겹쳐있는 파장을 분리하기 위하여 미분법 등을 이용한 수처리를 하였다. 수처리 후 몇 가지 회귀분석법을 이용하여 검량식을 작성한 결과 MPLS 회귀법이 황금의 유용성분을 분석하기에 적당하였으며, MPLS 회귀분석법에 의한 검량식의 baicalin, baicalein, wogonin 함량은 HPLC로 분석된황금의 성분함량과의 상관값에서 각각 0.958, 0.944, 0.709로나타났다. 이렇게 작성된 검량식을 이용하여 validation set에서 상관관계를 분석한 바 baicalin 함량은 0.853, baicalein은0.895의 상관치를 보여 황금의 baicalin 및 baicalein 함량은NIRS로 분석이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 한편, wogonin 함량에 대한 validation set의 결과는 0.489로 나타나 NIRS 검량식을 wogonin의 정량분석에 바로 이용하기에는 부적당하였다.

근적외선 분광분석기를 이용한 밀 품질 분석 및 계통 선발 응용

김경훈,강천식,최인덕,김학신,현종내,박철수 한국육종학회 2016 한국육종학회지 Vol.48 No.4

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a rapid analysis tool to many components in cereal grains. This study was to investigate the potential NIRS application for determination of components in Korean wheat. Main components of wheat quality are protein content, moisture content, SDS-sedimentation volume and ash content. Wheat has screened for quality, hardness of seed by NIRS in CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center). NIRS calibration was used as a rapid and simultaneous analysis method to determine the wheat quality components. A total of 282 wheat samples, collected from a wide range of Korean wheat cultivation region for 2 years, were analyzed by NIRS. NIRS calibration of individual components were developed using first derivation, second derivation and modified partial least-squares regression and internal cross validation method. As a result, calibration formula of protein was y=0.937x+0.786, calibration formula of moisture was y=0.922x+0.911, calibration formula of ash was y=0.933x+0.08, calibration formula of SDS-sedimentation volume was y=0.947x+2.150. NIRS calibration for wheat quality may be useful for determining protein(R2 = 93.6), moisture(R2 = 91.6), SDS-sedimentation volume(R2 = 94.3), and ash(R2 = 93.4). This study shows that 4 calibrations of NIRS is a useful application in the accurate and rapid determination of wheat quality. Therefore, NIRS could be used to rapidly determine the quality contents of wheat for grade evaluation in a purchasing of wheat cultivation region.

Near Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy Analysis에 의한 호밀의 飼料價値 分析

金昌護 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1994 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

호밀의 飼料價値 分析을 기존의 一般分析과 비교하여 NIRS 分析의 利用 可能性을 비교 分析한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 粗蛋白質 含量과 可消化養分總量(TDN) 分析에서는 예취시기가 빠르면 一般分析法에 의한 含量이 NIRS 分析에 의한 含量보다 높았고 예취시기가 늦으면 반대로 오히려 낮았다. 2. ADF와 NDF의 粗纖維 含量은 예취시기가 빠르면 NIRS 分析에 의한 含量이 一般分析에 의한 含量보다 높았고 예취시기가 늦으면 반대로 오히려 낮았다. 3. 粗蛋白質, ADF, NDF 및 可消化養分總量(TDN) 分析은 標準誤差가 작고 決定係數가 커서 NIRS를 이용하여 分析할 때 정확성이 높다. 4. P, CA, K, Mg와 같은 無機物 含量 分析은 標準誤差가 크고 決定係數가 작아 NIRS를 利用하여 分析할 때 정확성이 낮다. The experiment was carried out make a comparison of feed value in rye by hand separated analysis and near infrared reflection spectroscopy. The samples of rye were collected from seven different cutting time. The content of crude protein(CP) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) were relatively higher abundance by hand separated analysis than by near infrared reflection spectroscopy(NIRS) analysis with earlier cutting time, but these at late cutting time were vice versa. The content of acid detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) were relatively higher abundance by NIRS analysis than hand separated analysis with earlier cutting time, but these at late cutting time were vice versa. The precision and accuracy of NIRS analysis for CP, ADF, NDF, and TDN were higher than hand separated analysis, because these had larger R²(coefficient of determination) values and smaller SEP(standard error of prediction) statistics. The precision and accuracy of NIRS analysis for phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium were lower than other substances.

콩 종실의 조단백, 조지방, 지방산 분석을 위한 근적외선 분광분석기(NIRS) 검량식 작성과 재래종 자원 평가

최유미,현도윤,이수경,이명철,오세종,이정로,고호철,허온숙,윤문섭 한국육종학회 2016 한국육종학회지 Vol.48 No.4

This study was investigated to develop mass evaluation system for the contents of crude protein, oil and fatty acid in soybean germplasm using NIRS. NIRS equations were created with 345 soybeans, multiple correlation coefficients of crude protein, oil, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid between data obtained from NIRS and quantitative analysis were 0.983, 0.969, 0.592, 0.514, 0.978, 0.961 and 0.957, respectively. Equation statistics indicated that contents of crude protein, oil and unsaturated fatty acid except palmitic and stearic acid in soybean seed were suitable for determination by NIRS. Those NIRS equations were applied to examine crude protein, oil and unsaturated fatty acid of 854 soybean landraces from Korea. The average contents and ranges of crude protein and oil were 39.2% with a range of 33.7-47.0% and 15.0% with a range of 9.8-20.3%, individually. In addition, those of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid were 21.4% with a range of 12.1-30.2%, 55.6% with a 47.8-62.3% and 8.1% with a range of 5.9-10.7% respectively. We conducted quantitative analysis to reconfirm with IT154552 (45.1%) and IT023955(46.9%) above 45% of crude protein, the results were similar from NIRS (45.2%, 47.0%). NIRS data for protein from this study made no difference with lab data, which would be useful for mass evaluation. There was negative correlation (-0.203) between crude protein and oil, positive correlation (0.379) between crude oil and oleic acid, and significantly negative correlation (-0.879) between oleic and linoleic acid.

Prediction from Linear Regression Equation for Nitrogen Content Measurement in Bentgrasses leaves Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

차정훈,김경덕,박대섭 한국잔디학회 2009 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.23 No.1

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy(NIRS) is a quick, accurate, and non-destructive method to measure multiple nutrient components in plant leaves. This study was to acquire a liner regression equation by evaluating the nutrient contents of ‘CY2’ creeping bentgrass rapidly and accurately using NIRS. In particular, nitrogen fertility is a primary element to keep maintaining good quality of turfgrass. Nitrogen, moisture, carbohydrate, and starch were assessed and analyzed from ‘CY2’ creeping bentgrass clippings. A linear regression equation was obtained from accessing NIRS values from NIR spectrophotometer(NIR system, Model XDS, XM-1100 series, FOSS, Sweden) programmed with WinISI III project manager v1.50e and ISIscan® (Infrasoft International) and calibrated with laboratory values via chemical analysis from an authorized institute. The equation was formulated as MPLS(modified partial least squares) analyzing laboratory values and mathematically pre-treated spectra. The accuracy of the acquired equation was confirmed with SEP(standard error of prediction), which indicated as correlation coefficient(r2) and prediction error of sample unacquainted, followed by the verification of model equation of real values and these monitoring results. As results of monitoring, r2 of nitrogen, moisture, and carbohydrate in ‘CY2’ creeping bentgrass was 0.840, 0.904, and 0.944, respectively. SEP was 0.066, 1.868, and 0.601, respectively. After outlier treatment, r2 was 0.892, 0.925, and 0.971, while SEP was 0.052, 1.577, and 0.394, respectively, which totally showed a high correlation. However, r2 of starch was 0.464, which appeared a low correlation. Thereof, the verified equation appearing higher r2 of nitrogen, moisture, and carbohydrate showed its higher accuracy of prediction model, which finally could be put into practical use for turf management system. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy(NIRS) is a quick, accurate, and non-destructive method to measure multiple nutrient components in plant leaves. This study was to acquire a liner regression equation by evaluating the nutrient contents of ‘CY2’ creeping bentgrass rapidly and accurately using NIRS. In particular, nitrogen fertility is a primary element to keep maintaining good quality of turfgrass. Nitrogen, moisture, carbohydrate, and starch were assessed and analyzed from ‘CY2’ creeping bentgrass clippings. A linear regression equation was obtained from accessing NIRS values from NIR spectrophotometer(NIR system, Model XDS, XM-1100 series, FOSS, Sweden) programmed with WinISI III project manager v1.50e and ISIscan® (Infrasoft International) and calibrated with laboratory values via chemical analysis from an authorized institute. The equation was formulated as MPLS(modified partial least squares) analyzing laboratory values and mathematically pre-treated spectra. The accuracy of the acquired equation was confirmed with SEP(standard error of prediction), which indicated as correlation coefficient(r2) and prediction error of sample unacquainted, followed by the verification of model equation of real values and these monitoring results. As results of monitoring, r2 of nitrogen, moisture, and carbohydrate in ‘CY2’ creeping bentgrass was 0.840, 0.904, and 0.944, respectively. SEP was 0.066, 1.868, and 0.601, respectively. After outlier treatment, r2 was 0.892, 0.925, and 0.971, while SEP was 0.052, 1.577, and 0.394, respectively, which totally showed a high correlation. However, r2 of starch was 0.464, which appeared a low correlation. Thereof, the verified equation appearing higher r2 of nitrogen, moisture, and carbohydrate showed its higher accuracy of prediction model, which finally could be put into practical use for turf management system.

NIRS을 이용한 녹차 카테킨류의 비파괴 신속 정량

천종은(Jong Un Chun),최갑성(Kap Seong Choi) 한국차학회 2007 한국차학회지 Vol.13 No.3

녹차의 카테킨류는 건조한 차 잎 중에 약 20∼35% 함유되어 있으며, 차의 쓴 맛과 떫은 맛을 준다. 카테킨류는 돌연변이 억제와 항암 작용, 라디칼 및 활성산소제거 작용에 주목받고 있으며 차 잎, 차 음료 및 차 제품에서 신속, 간단하게 카테킨 함량을 분석하는 방법이 시급히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 보성 및 하동지역에서 시판되는 90개 제품의 다양한 녹차제품을 수집하여 HPLC에 의해 각 카테킨류의 함량분석을 병행하고, NIRS를 이용하여 중회귀분석에 의해 각각 카테킨에 대한 검량식을 작성하였다. 1. 공시된 녹차제품의 HPLC 분석결과, 각 카테킨류의 평균치는 EGCG 6.93%, EGC 1.89%, (+)-catechin 0.44%, EC 1.59%, ECG 2.26%, 총카테킨 함량은 13.12%였다. 2. 각 성분의 변이계수가 14∼42%로 NIRS 검량식을 유도하는데 적합한 시료의 다양성을 보여 주었으며, 주요 카테킨 화합물의 조성은 EGCG가 52.8%, ECg 17.2%, EGC 14.4%, EC 12.1%를 각각 차지하여 EGCG가 녹차 및 가공제품의 카테킨함량 추정의 지표성분(indicator)으로 이용될 수가 있다고 판단된다. 3. Modified partial least square(MPLS)를 이용하여 작성된 검량식의 결과는 EGCG의 결정계수(R2)는 0.905, 검증시 상관도(1-VR)도 0.860로 매우 높았고, EGC의 결정계수(R2)는 0.902, 검증시 상관도(1-VR)도 0.898로 매우 높았다. EC의 결정계수(R2)는 0.809, 검증시 상관도(1-VR)도 0.801로 높았다. 총카테킨의 결정계수(R2)는 0.913, 검증시 상관도(1-VR)도 0.901로 매우 높았다. 4. 본 검량식을 이용하여 다양한 녹차 제품의 EGCG(0.905), EGC(0.902) EC(0.809) 총카테킨(0.913) 함량을 정밀도가 높고, 짧은 시간 (1분 이내)에 측정할 수가 있었다. Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) was used as a rapid and nondestructive method to determine contents of catechins in green tea products. A total of 90 green tea products (about 3 g of green tea powder) were scanned in the reflectance mode. Calibration equation was developed using the regression method of modified partial least-squares (MPLS) with internal cross validation (n=90). The equations had low SECV (standard errors of cross-validation), and high R2 (coefficient of determination in calibration) values (0.809∼0.905), indicating that NIRS could be used to rapidly discriminate the contents of EGC (0.902), EC (0.809), EGCG (0.905), and total catechins(0.913) in green tea products with high precision and ease.

NIRS에 의한 녹차품질 평가

천종은 한국차학회 2010 한국차학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The objective of the present work was to develop a rapid and accurate method to evaluate the quality and major chemical components of tea using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A total of 44 green tea samples were collected from the market places of several regions. The organoleptic quality of the green tea samples used in this work was assessed by professional tasters. The several chemical components were investigated by NIRS. Variations (based on CV = 2.4~4.0%) among the panelists that participated in the sensory test were relatively small, and differences in taste quality of the green tea samples were small. The ranking of taste quality was highly negatively correlated with the contents of vitamin C, total nitrogen, caffeine, theanine, and amino acids while negatively correlated with detergent fiber content. The powders of 44 processed green teas were scanned by NIRS with 1100~2500 nm bands in reflectance mode. The calibration equation for ranking of organoleptic quality was developed using the regression method of modified partial least squares (MPLS) with internal cross validation. The equations had low SECV (standard errors of cross-validation) and high R² (coefficient of determination in calibration) values of 0.963, indicating that NIRS could be used to rapidly and accurately evaluate the ranking of organoleptic quality in processed green teas.

Possible influences of exercise-intensity-dependent increases in non-cortical hemodynamic variables on NIRS-based neuroimaging analysis during cognitive tasks: Technical note

( Kyeong Ho Byun ),( Kazuki Hyodo ),( Kazuya Suwabe ),( Sylwester Kujach ),( Morimasa Kato ),( Hideaki Soya ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.4

[Purpose] Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides functional imaging of cortical activations by measuring regional oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) changes in the forehead during a cognitive task. There are, however, potential problems regarding NIRS signal contamination by non-cortical hemodynamic (NCH) variables such as skin blood flow, middle cerebral artery blood flow, and heart rate (HR), which are further complicated during acute exercise. It is thus necessary to determine the appropriate post-exercise timing that allows for valid NIRS assessment during a task without any increase in NCH variables. Here, we monitored post-exercise changes in NCH parameters with different intensities of exercise. [Methods] Fourteen healthy young participants cycled 30, 50 and 70% of their peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak) for 10 min per intensity, each on different days. Changes in skin blood flow velocity (SBFv), middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCA Vmean) and HR were monitored before, during, and after the exercise. [Results] Post-exercise levels of both SBFv and HR in contrast to MCA Vmean remained high compared to basal levels and the times taken to return to baseline levels for both parameters were delayed (2-8 min after exercise), depending upon exercise intensity. [Conclusion] These results indicate that the delayed clearance of NCH variables of up to 8 min into the post-exercise phase may contaminate NIRS measurements, and could be a limitation of NIRS-based neuroimaging studies.

근적외선 분광분석기를 이용한 국내외 재래종 벼 유전자원의 아밀로스 및 단백질에 관한 대량 평가 체계구축

오세종,이명철,최유미,이수경,Muhammad Rauf,채병수,현도윤 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.4

This study was conducted to characterize the amylose and protein contents of 4,948 rice landrace germplasm using the NIRS model developed in the previous study. The average amylose content of the germplasm was 20.39% and ranged between 3.97 and 37.13%. The amylose contents in the standard rice were 4.99, 18.63 and 20.55% in Sinseonchal, Chucheong and Goami, respectively. The average protein content was 8.17% and ranged from 5.20 to 17.45%. Protein contents in Sinseonchal, Chucheong and Goami were 6.824, 6.869 and 7.839%, respectively. A total of 62% germplasm were distributed between 20.06% and 27.02% in amylose content. Germplasm of 81.60% represented protein content of 6.78-9.75%. The distinguishable ranges of amylose contents according to origin were 16.58-20.06% in Korea, 20.06-23.25% in Japan, 23.25-27.02% in North Korea, and 27.02-37.13% in China. In the protein content, approximately 30% of Chinese resources ranged from 9.75 to 17.45%, whereas less than 10% were detected in other origin accessions. Fifty resources were selected with low and high amylose ranging from 3.97-6.66% and 30.41-37.13%, respectively. Similarly, fifty resources were selected with low and high protein ranging from 5.20-6.09% and 13.21-17.45%, respectively. Landraces with higher protein could be adapted to practical utilization of food sources. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 개발된 근적외선 분광분석(NIRS) 예측모델을 기반으로 국내외 재래종 벼 유전자원의 아밀로스및 단백질 함량 분석을 실시하여 자원의 분포와 지리적 특성에대한 정확한 정보를 제공하고 벼 유전자원에 대한 대량평가 체계를 구축하기 위해 수행하였다. 벼 성분분석 표준품의 아밀로스와 NIR 측정값의 비교는 신선찰(성분분석값: 6.881%) 4.994%, 추청(19.731%) 18.633%, 고아미(23.246%) 20.548%였고, 단백질의 경우 신선찰(성분분석값: 6.890%) 6.824%, 추청(6.350%) 6.869%, 고아미(6.777%) 7.839%였다. NIR 측정값은 표준품 성분분석값 대비 아밀로스는 1.1-2.7%포인트 낮았으며 단백질은0.4-0.6%포인트 높았다. 국내외 재래종 벼 4,948자원의 NIR 스펙트럼은 다양한 작용기들의 결합진동과 배음진동이 나타나는 1,300-2,500 ㎚에서 큰 흡광도 차이를 보였고, NIRS를 이용한 아밀로스 함량은 3.97-37.13%였으며, 평균 함량은 20.39% 였다. 아밀로스 함량 20.06-27.02% 구간에 있는 자원들은 전체자원의 62.20%를 차지하였다. 단백질 함량구간은 5.20-17.45% 였고, 평균 함량은 8.17%였다. 단백질 함량 6.78-9.75% 구간에있는 자원들은 전체 자원의 81.60%를 차지하였다. 아밀로스 함량과 단백질 함량간에는 유의성이 없었으며 RSQ 값은 0.0012 였다. 아밀로스 함량 기준으로 선별된 저아밀로스 50자원은3.97-6.66%였고 고아밀로스 50자원은 30.41-37.13%였다. 단백질 함량 기준으로 선별된 저단백질 50자원은 5.20-6.09%였고 고아밀로스 50자원은 13.21-17.45%였다. 41개국에서 수집된 재래종 4,948자원 중 한국 재래 자원이 가장 많았으며 24.9% 를 차지하였다. 자원수가 가장 많은 아밀로스 함량 구간은 한국자원이 16.58-20.06%, 일본 자원이 20.06-23.25%, 북한 자원이 23.25-27.02%, 중국 자원이 27.02-37.13%였다. 단백질은5.20-17.45% 구간에서 전반적으로 유사한 분포를 보였으나 중국 자원은 6.78-8.27% 구간에서 자원비율이 낮았고 9.75-17.45% 구간에서 자원비율이 높았다. 단백질 함량이 높은 자원은 식품적 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다.