열화상 카메라를 이용한 구제역 대응 소 발굽 온도 검출 알고리즘 개발

유찬주(Chan-Ju Yu),김정준(Jeong-Jun Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.9

구제역 발생에 따른 피해는 매우 크기 때문에 구제역의 피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 선제적인 구제역 진단 및 대응이 필수적이다. 주요 구제역 증상은 소의 체온 상승, 식욕 부진, 유량 감소, 입⋅발굽⋅유방에 물집 형성 등이며, 이중 확인하기 가장 쉽고 빠른 방법은 체온을 검사하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 선제적 구제역 대응을 위해 소 발굽 검출 알고리즘을 개발․구현하고, 축사에 고해상도 카메라 모듈과 열화상 카메라, 온습도 모듈 설치하여 발굽 검색 테스트를 시행하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 알고리즘과 시스템을 통해 구제역 의심 가축의 조기 상황 대처를 할 수 있으며, 가축의 최적 성정 환경을 조성할 수 있다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 기존의 휴대용이 아닌 열화상 카메라를 활용한 구제역 대응 시스템은 축사에 고정으로 부착하여 별도 인력을 필요로 하지 않고 이미지 알고리즘을 통하여 가축의 발굽 온도를 자동 측정하는 기능과 스마트 폰을 활용한 자동 경고 기능을 가지고 있다. 이러한 시스템은 실시간을 구제역 가능성 예측을 가능케 하며, 별도의 인력이 없이 가축 질병에 대한 초동 방역 대응을 할 수 있다. Because damages arising from the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are very great, it is essential to make a preemptive diagnosis to cope with it in order to minimize those damages. The main symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease are body temperature increase, loss of appetite, formation of blisters in the mouth, on hooves and breasts, etc. in a cow or a bull, among which the body temperature check is the easiest and quickest way to detect the disease. In this paper, an algorithm to detect FMD from the hooves of cattle was developed and implemented for preemptive coping with foot-and-mouth disease, and a hoof check test is conducted after the installation of a high-resolution camera module, a thermo-graphic camera, and a temperature/humidity module in the cattle shed. Through the algorithm and system developed in this study, it is possible to cope with an early-stage situation in which cattle are suspected as suffering from foot-and-mouth disease, creating an optimized growth environment for cattle. In particular, in this study, the system to cope with FMD does not use a portable thermo-graphic camera, but a fixed camera attached to the cattle shed. It does not need additional personnel, has a function to measure the temperature of cattle hooves automatically through an image algorithm, and includes an automated alarm for a smart phone. This system enables the prediction of a possible occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease on a real-time basis, and also enables initial-stage disinfection to be performed to cope with the disease without needing extra personnel.

A study on the spatial quarantine system for pig quarantine and prevention of cross-infection:Focusing on pig foot-and-mouth disease

기정훈,성민기,김태엽,김지혜 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2023 국가정책연구 Vol.37 No.4

The regulatory and quarantine measures mandated by South Korean legal protocols pertaining to livestock enclosures are deemed inadequate in mitigating the spread of pig foot-and-mouth disease. This inadequacy arises from the deficiency in comprehensive urban and land use planning, particularly in relation to road control and the spatial organization of farms and villages. Therefore, this study aims to prevent astronomical economic losses and psychological damage of pig foot-and-mouth disease to farmers by investigating the elements of livestock construction and spatial design as a strategic approach for pig foot-and-mouth disease control. Additionally, it seeks to underscore the imperative of implementing a novel on-site prevention system, with a pronounced focus on airborne preventive measures. The elements of livestock construction and complex design for pig foot-and-mouth disease control were examined through literature review. Moreover, interviews with related experts and on-site investigation were carried out to improve the existing prevention system and introduce a new spatial prevention system on-site. If both spatial preventive measures regarding construction and complex design and ventilation-oriented air preventive measures are considered simultaneously, it could effectively prevent large-scale livestock diseases and damage due to the lage-scale infectious disease such as pig foot-and-mouth disease. Consequently, this study highlights that the design of complexes of livestock pens need to be designed in connection with air preventive measures centered on ventilation so that financial, legal, and institutional support in the policy arena need to support this new preventive design system.

성인의 스트레스가 구강 점막 질환, 구강 건조감 및 스트레 스 증상에 미치는 영향

홍민희 ( Min Hee Hong ) 한국치위생학회 2013 한국치위생학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of the stress of adults on their oral mucosal diseases, dry mouth and physical, mental stress symptoms. Structured equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the hypotheses of the study. Methods : The subjects were 500 adultsfrom July 1 to December 31, 2012. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 (SPSS 18.0 K for window, SPSS Inc USA) and IBM SPSS Amos 18.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) set at the level of significance as 0.05. Results : The level of stress had a direct influence on oral mucosal diseases, and oral mucosal diseases affected stress symptoms directly. The level of stress had a significant impact on stress symptoms, and that exercised an indirect influence on stress symptoms through the medium of oral mucosal diseases and dry mouth. The level of stress affected dry mouth in a direct effects, and dry mouth had a direct impact on stress symptoms. Conclusions : The stress of adults had direct and indirect impacts on their oral health and systemic diseases. The oral health of adults should be promoted to let them stay healthy, and how to help them to get rid of their stress should be considered to improve their quality of life.

질병의 중증도에 따른 의료서비스 품질과 병원의 명성이 고객만족과 재구매의도, 그리고 부정적 구전에 미치는 영향

유동근 ( Dong Keun Yoo ),서승원 ( Seung Won Suh ) 한국병원경영학회 2009 병원경영학회지 Vol.14 No.4

This model was empirically developed to test the effect of medical service quality and hospital`s reputation on customer satisfaction, repurchase intention, and negative word of mouth as to disease severity. The model was tested in the context of the hospital industry. The findings are as follows. First, medical service provider`s functional quality and technical service quality have significant effect on customer satisfaction. Second, hospital`s reputation has positive(+) effect on customer satisfaction and significant negative effect on negative word of mouth. Third, customer satisfaction with medical service quality has significantly positive effect on customer`s repurchase intention and has negative(-) effect on customer`s negative word of mouth. Furthermore, customer`s negative word of mouth has negative effect on their repurchase intention. Fourth, as to different disease severity, medical service quality and hospital`s reputation have different effect on customer satisfaction, repurchase intention, and negative word of mouth. When patients get slightly ill, functional service quality and technical service quality have direct influence on customer satisfaction which has positive influence on repurchase intention and negative influence on negative word of mouth. Finally, negative word of mouth has negative effect on customer`s repurchase intention. However, while hospital`s reputation doesn`t have effect on customer satisfaction, the reputation has significantly negative effect on negative word of mouth. When patients get seriously ill, only functional service quality has positive effect on customer satisfaction which influences on customer`s repurchase intention and negatively influences on negative word of mouth. On the contrary, negative word of mouth doesn`t influence on customer`s repurchase intention as patients want to treat serious diseases in the large general hospitals even though negative word of mouth is known to them.

신경학적 증상을 동반한 수족구병 2례

박기경,최성동,정승연,서병규,강진한,Park, Ki Kung,Choi, Sung Dong,Chung, Seung Yun,Suh, Byung Kyu,Kang, Jin Han 대한소아감염학회 1997 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.4 No.2

Hand-Foot-Mouth disease, which has a various enanthem-exanthem complex at the tongue, buccal mucosa, hands and feets and buttock area with febrile illness, is usually caused by Coxscakie virus type A(16). Generally, this disease shows self limited course and good prognosis without neurologic manifestations. However, enterovirus 71, which was newly discovered and reported in 1974, can cause the striking features of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease outbreaks and has neuropathogenic potentials of polio-like paralytic illness including aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis and respiratory disease. We experienced a case of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease with polyradiculitis manifestations, and a case of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease with meningoencephalitis. Therfore, we report these cases with brief review of related literatures.

농촌 문제로서의 가축전염병 -일제시대 신문에 나타난 구제역-

천명선 ( Myung Sun Chun ) 한국농업사학회 2012 농업사연구 Vol.11 No.1

1930년대 이후 현대사의 혼란과 축산업의 현대화 과정에서 구제역에 대한 농촌사회의 역사적 경험은 잊혀졌으며 이는 최근 한국 사회에서 이슈가 되었던 두 번의 구제역 유행에서 도움을 주지 못했다. 그러나 20세기 초반 한국 내 구제역은 우역 및 탄저와 더불어 가장 중요한 가축전염병 중 하나였다. 당시는 일제 식민지 하에서 일본식 근대 방역 시스템이 도입되면서 방역 제도와 인력이 재정비 된 시기이다. 가축전염병은 축산생산력을 감소시키는 가장 큰 위해 요소이기 때문에 국가적이고 조직적인 관리가 진행되었다. 구제역이 전파력은 강하지만 치사율이 높지 않은 질병임이 잘 알려져 있었기 때문에 가축전염병예방 법규에 법정전염병으로 명기되었음에도 불구하고 강제적인 살처분은 수행되지 않았다. 일본인 수의사들을 중심으로 수행된 근대 방역책은 당시 축우 개량 사업, 농촌 진흥 운동 등과 맞물려 농촌사회에 변화에 적지 않은 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 가축위생통계와 더불어 신문자료는 촌락 내 전통수의 인력의 재교육, 일본인 수의사와 농촌사회의 마찰, 농촌사회 내 가축방역을 위한 자경단 활동, 축력 농법과 가축전염병의 관계 등에 대한 자료를 제공한다. 또한, 구제역을 비롯한 가축전염병 방역에 대한 일본의 식민지 위생정책의 단면을 보여주기도 한다. 신문자료에 따르면1919년과 1933년의 구제역은 당시 가장 규모가 큰 가축전염병이었으나 발생과 대처방안은 서로 달랐다. 조사된 163개의 신문기사 중 117개가 1933년 구제역 발생에 집중되어있었다. 1919년에는 구제역 발생 규모와 발생지역 면에 있어 가장 심각한 유행이었음에도 불구하고 당시에는 치사율이 높은 우역과탄저가 주요 관심사였으며, 아직 근대 방역조직이 완비되지 않았기 때문에 상대적으로 그 심각성이 부각되지 않았다. 그러나 1933년에는 일본 이출우 검역 중에 구제역이 진단된 것을 계기로 심도 깊은 연구와 전반적인 조사가 이루어지게 된다. 1930년 대 우역과탄저 발생 감소와 일본으로의 이출우 증가추세에서 그 배경을 추측해 볼 수 있다.이처럼 일제시대 구제역 발생 자료를 통해 가축전염병에 대한 대처방안이 원인체의 발견과 수의학의 발전뿐만 아니라 경제적, 제도적, 사회문화적 영향 하에 있었음을 재차 확인할 수 있었다. Foot and mouth disease is not a new epizootic in Korea. However, the whole society panicked about the recent FMD outbreak in 2010/2011. Lack of societal experience and memories of the disease leads to underestimate the social and cultural impact of the disease. To prevent another chaos of animal pandemic it is important to investigate what can be learned from the history. Because over 80% of populations were engaged in agriculture industry, FMD in the early 20th should be investigated as a complex rural issue, not simply as an eradication process of an infectious disease. Sanitary modernity and colonial sanitary policy can also give a clue to analyze the FMD outbreaks in that turbulent era. The colonial Japanese ruling body in Korea strictly controlled livestock diseases in the context of efforts to increase livestock productivity and build a shield against epizootics for Japan. According to the animal disease statistics the major FMD outbreaks occurred in 1919 and in 1933. Although the damage of the first outbreak in 1919 was worse, the second outbreak in 1933 received more attention. 117 out of 163 FMD articles found in three biggest newspapers were concentrated in 1933. It was well informed that FMD was highly contagious but not lethal and most important measure against the disease was restriction of livestock movement. Although the regulation permitted the culling strategy against FMD, the infected animals were not slaughtered, nor vaccinated. Prevention strategy against animal diseases and response of rural community were also different between the two outbreaks. It was caused by the changes in rural economic situation, livestock policy, animal disease prevention laws, cattle exports and quarantine to Japan, and supply of veterinary professionals.

REVIEW: Open Access : Foot-and-mouth disease: overview of motives of disease spread and efficacy of available vaccines

( Ali Saeed ),( Sehrish Kanwal ),( Memoona Arshad ),( Muhammad Ali ),( Rehan Sadiq Shaikh ),( Muhammad Abubakar ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.10

Control and prevention of foot and mouth disease (FMD) by vaccination remains unsatisfactory in endemic countries. Indeed, consistent and new FMD epidemics in previously disease-free countries have precipitated the need for a worldwide control strategy. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals require that a new and safe vaccine be developed against foot and mouth virus (FMDV). FMDV can be eradicated worldwide based on previous scientific information about its spread using existing and modern control strategies.

Original article : Psychosocial factors influencing the behavior of swine veteri-narians during the foot and mouth disease outbreak in Korea

( Myung Sun Chun ) 한국예방수의학회 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

After the Foot and mouth disease outbreak during 2010∼2011 in Korea, failure to communicate and collaborate with those involved in the outbreak was criticized by many. The animal disease control process is not limited to the technical field of veterinary medicine but rather is interrelated to the psychosocial factors in the whole community where an epizootic occurs. Getting a holistic view of local problems caused by a disease is the core element of the One Health approach, which considers human, animal and environmental health within one frame and focuses on communication and collaboration among all key players in disease control. From this perspective, veterinarians who routinely assess animal health problems that include human and environmental fantors should have a role as health facilitators fof the whole process. This survey of seventy one swine veterinarians shows that psychosocial factors such as the One Health awareness, social capital, accessibility to resources, and support from society can influence the behavior of local swine veterinarians. The results suggest that local veterinarians should be actively involved in the decision-making process during an FMD outbreak to overcome the deep-rooted distrust among key players. Therefore, continuing education programs teaching about the One Health principle to livestock veterinarians are strongly needed to reorient their view and their role in epizootic control, which could contribute to more practical and flexible responses during a livestock disease outbreak and to a rapid recovery after the disease.

우리나라 「가축전염병 예방법」상 가축 살처분 제도의 문제점과 입법적 개선방안

함태성 인하대학교 법학연구소 2019 法學硏究 Vol.22 No.1

This paper aims to review the Legislative Improvement of Livestock Stamping Out in Korea. In this paper, I review a condition and problem of Livestock Stamping Out in Korea, and then I try to analyze related regulations and policy of Stamping Out, to suggest legislative improvement of Livestock Stamping Out. In Korea, avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease have been constantly occurred from the beginning of the 2000s. To resolve the situation where infectious diseases in domestic animals become constant, the government has prepared more thorough managerial and supervisory measures. However, various problems have been raised in relation to the continuation and expansion of the stamping out policy. Korea enacted 「ACT ON THE PREVENTION OF CONTAGIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES」 to respond to contagious animal diseases. The purpose of this Act is to contribute to the development of the livestock industry and to improvement in public health by preventing the outbreak or spread of contagious animal diseases. This Act provides ‘General Stamping Out’ and ‘Precautionary Stamping Out’ in Article 20. Order of Stamping Out in Article 20 is one of the most powerful measures in prevention of epidemics. In particular, in that Precautionary Stamping Out is killing healthy animals that have not been taken with any disease under the name of achieving administrative goals such as disease control and prevention, the decisions and execution of stamping out should be made very carefully and strictly. When a local government head issues Order of Stamping Out, he should try to consider geography, epidemiology, response capability of a local government, certification of animal welfare livestock farms, etc. 가축 살처분은 조류독감이나 구제역 등 가축전염병으로 인한 피해를 방지하기 위하여 가축의 생명을 박탈하여 소각, 매립 등의 방식으로 처분하는 것을 말한다. 가축 살처분은 주로 소, 돼지, 가금류 등 농장동물을 대상으로 이루어지고 있다. 가축 살처분의 근거 법률은 「가축전염병 예방법」이다. 동법 제20조의 살처분 명령은 가축전염병이 발생한 경우 관할 행정청이 취할 수 있는 가장 강력한 방역조치의 하나이다. 동법 제20조 제1항 본문에서는 “시장·군수·구청장은 농림축산식품부령으로 정하는 제1종 가축전염병이 퍼지는 것을 막기 위하여 필요하다고 인정하면 농림축산식품부령으로 정하는 바에 따라 가축전염병에 걸렸거나 걸렸다고 믿을 만한 역학조사·정밀검사 결과나 임상증상이 있는 가축의 소유자에게 그 가축의 살처분을 명하여야 한다”고 하여 제1종가축전염병인 우역·우폐역·구제역·아프리카돼지열병·돼지열병·고병원성조류인플루엔자의 감염이 확실하거나 거의 확실한 경우에는 반드시 살처분을 하도록 규정하고 있다. 한편, 동조항 단서에서는 “우역, 우폐역, 구제역, 돼지열병, 아프리카돼지열병 또는 고병원성 조류인플루엔자에 걸렸거나 걸렸다고 믿을 만한 역학조사·정밀검사 결과나 임상증상이 있는 경우에는 그 가축이 있거나 있었던 장소를 중심으로 그 가축전염병이 퍼지거나 퍼질 것으로 우려되는 지역에 있는 가축의 소유자에게 지체 없이 살처분을 명할 수 있다”고 하여 해당 질병이 발병한 장소를 중심으로 일정 지역 내의 가축에 대하여도 질병 감염 여부와 상관없이 살처분할 수 있도록 하는 예방적 살처분에 대한 규정을 두고 있다. 동 규정에 근거한 살처분은 여러 문제들이 제기되고 있는 바, 살처분 결정 및 집행상의 문제, 살처분 참여자에게 미치는 피해의 심각성, 토양 및 지하수 오염 등 2차 환경오염문제, 방역을 위한 예산 및 자원 배분 등에 있어서의 왜곡 발생, 농촌지역에 미치는 사회적·경제적 영향 등이 문제된다. 가축 살처분의 문제를 개선하기 위한 근본적인 방안은 살처분을 하여야 할 상황이 발생하지 않도록 사전에 대비하는 것이다. 따라서 예방적 차원에서 상시방역체계를 구축하는 것이 무엇보다도 필요하다. 입법적으로 「가축전염병 예방법」 제1장 총칙에 가축전염병 방역행정의 기본원칙 규정을 신설하고, ‘예방의 원칙’을 제1의 원칙으로 명시할 필요가 있다. 또한 「가축전염병 예방법」 제20조 제1항 본문상의 일반적 살처분과 동조항 단서상의 예방적 살처분은 현실적인 위험의 발생개연성 정도, 위험(리스크)의 종류와 대응방식, 의사결정시 고려 요소 등에서 차이가 존재하므로, 양자는 실정법상 규율에 있어서도 해당 처분의 발동 요건과 절차, 집행 과정, 보상 규정 등에서 구별하는 것이 타당하다. 그리고 동법 제49조의2의 실질적인 운영을 통하여 정신건강 및 심리 상담 기관의 이용이나 예방적 차원의 교육 및 심리적 지원 프로그램 참여 등에 있어서 살처분 참여자들이 실질적인 지원을 받을 수 있도록 할 필요가 있다.

수족구병이 호전된 후에 발생한 손발톱탈락증

김성수 순천향대학교 순천향의학연구소 2021 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.27 No.1

Onychomadesis is characterized by proximal nail plate separation from the nail matrix and nail bed. It has been associated with autoimmune disease, medications, severe systemic diseases, trauma, periungual dermatitis, nutritional deficiency, and infection. Hand-foot-mouth disease is most frequently caused by coxsackievirus A16 and is associated with a number of other coxsackieviruses and enterovirus 71. It particularly affects children under 5 years of age and is characterized by vesicular eruptions on the hands, feet, and buttocks and ulcerations of the tongue, soft palate, buccal mucosa, or gingiva. Onychomadesis after recovering from hand-foot-mouth disease is a rare and late complication. It occurs several weeks after the onset of hand-foot-mouth disease. The mechanism is still unknown. Generally, there is no need for treatment and there is spontaneous resolution within 1 to 2 months.