하악골 성장 지표로서 경추골 성숙도의 유용성

최봉선,최남기,김선미,양규호,정성수 大韓小兒齒科學會 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

This study was to investigate if cervical vertebrae maturation stages are as useful as hand-wrist maturation stages in evaluating the mandibular growth. The subject consisted of 292 girls aged from 8 to 16 years with normal occlusion. They were classified according to diagnosis by using studycast. lateral cephalogram, and handwrist X-ray film. The results were as follow: 1. Cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist maturation stages increased with age. 2. All mandibular measurements (Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn, N-Me) increased linearly with cervical vertebrae maturation stages. 3. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn increased linearly with hand-wrist maturation stages. 4. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn increased relatively rapidly between cervical vertebrae maturation stages 3 and 4. Go-Me and S-Gn increased relatively rapidly between hand-wrist maturation stages 6 and 7. 5. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn, N-Me had high correlations with cervical vertebrae maturation stages as well as hand-wrist maturation stages. These results suggest that cervical vertebrae maturation stages are reliable on evaluating the mandibular growth. 하악골 성장을 평가하는 데 경추골 성숙도가 수완부골 성숙도만큼 유용한가 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 정상교합을 가진 만 8세∼만 16세 여성 292명을 연구대상으로 하여 진단석고모형,측모두부규격방사선사진,그리고 수완부방사선사진을 이용하여 경추 및 수완부의 골성숙도를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령 증가에 따라 경추 및 수완부의 골성숙도가 일정하게 증가하였다. 2. 경추골 성숙도가 증가할수록 Ar-Go,Go-Me,N-Go,S-Gn,N-Me이 일정하게 증가하였다. 3. 수완부골 성숙도가 증가할수록 Ar-Go,Go-Me,N-Go,S-Gn이 일정하게 증가 하였다. 4. 경추골 성숙도 3단계와 4단계 사이에서 Ar-Go,Go-Me,N-Go,S-Gn이 크게 증가하였고,수완부골 성숙도 6단계와 7단계 사이에서 Go-Me,S-Gn이 크게 증가 하였다. 5. Ar-Go,Go-Me,N→Go,S一Gn,N-Me은 경추 및 수완부 골성숙도와 각각 유의 한 상관성을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 하악골 성장을 평가하는 데에 경추골 성숙도가 수완부골 성숙도처럼 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

생육시기별 홀크롭 맥주보리 Silage의 품질 평가

정장용,유성오 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2000 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.13 No.-

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of maturity stages on the quality of brewer's barley silage. The silage was made at heading, milky, dough and yellow ripe stages, and the quality of the silage was evaluated on the bases of the chemical composition, pH, ammonia nitrogen and micro-organisms. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber contents of raw brewer's barley were decreased with advancing the maturity. NDF(neutral detergent fiber) content was significantly higher (P<0.05) in milky stage (70.35%), but ADF(acid detergent fiber) content was higher (P<0.05) in heading stage (33.19%) than other maturity stages. 2. Moisture, crude protein, crude fiber and crude ash contents of silage were decreased with advancing the maturity. NDF content was significantly higher (P<0.05) in milky stage (68.29%), but ADF content was higher (P<0.05) in heading stage (36.29%) than other maturity stages. 3. pH values of silage were increased with advancing the maturity. Total nitrogen content was significantly higher (P<0.05) in yellow ripe stage (474.3mg/100g), but ammonia nitrogen content was higher (P<0.05) in heading stage (14.91mg/100g) than other maturity stages. 4. The number of total bacteria and latic acid bacteria were increased with advancing the maturity, and were estimated 5×10 exp(2)∼2.5×10 exp(6) for total bacteria and 1×10 exp(2)∼3.2×10 exp(5)/g for lactic acid bacteria, respectively.

기업수명주기별 회계정보의 시장이상현상

김태완 ( Tae-wan Kim ) 한국세무회계학회 2015 세무회계연구 Vol.0 No.46

기업의 회계정보는 많은 이해관계자들의 의사결정에 매우 중요한 가치를 가진다. 특히, 많은 회계정보 중에서 가장 중요한 정보가 이익(earnings) 정보라는 것에 이의는 없을 것이다. 그래서 많은 연구자들은 오랫동안 회계이익이 담고 있는 미래이익과 가치관련성의 함의를 찾고자 노력하였다. 이런 노력의 결과, 이익을 발생액과 현금흐름 구성요소별로 나누어 이들의 속성과 이를 바탕으로 가치관련성을 분석하였다. 따라서 이익구성요소 중에 발생액 (Accruals)과 현금흐름(cashflow)은 중요한 연구의 주제가 되었다. 발생액의 속성은 주관적 판단과 추정요소를 포함하고 있어 현금흐름에 비해 미래이익에 대한 정보효과와 가치관련성이 낮고, 현금흐름은 반대로 높은 것으로 알려져 있어, 자본시장의 참여자들은 주식가격결정에 이런 속성을 충분하게 효율적으로 반영하지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다(Sloan, 1996; Xie, 2001). Sloan(1996)은 Mishkin 검증을 통해 시장이 효율적이지 못하다는 자본시장 이상현상(market anomaly)을 연구하였다. 초기 시장효율성의 연구인 Sloan(1996)의 연구의 확장된 형태는 발생액을 재량적발생액과 비재량발생으로 구분하여 효율성을 검증한 연구(Xie, 2001)와 분기별 이익구성요소의 시장효율성 연구(Collins and Hribar, 2000)가 있다. 본 연구는 이런 선행연구들의 또 다른 확장으로 Anthony & Ramesh(1992)의 기업수명주기연구를 접목하여 회계이익의 시장이상현상을 분석하고자 하였다. 특히, 기업수명주기인 성숙기, 성장기, 쇠퇴기는 기업의 경영전략과 맞물려 기업의 특성을 반영하고 있고, 자본시장의 참가자들은 수명주기를 충분히 인지하고 의사결정을 한다면 회계이익을 단순한 크기로 파악하여 주식가격결정오류(market mispricing)가 발생하지 않을 수도 있을 것으로 예상되었다. 분석결과, 회계이익의 구성요소인 발생액과 현금흐름의 이익지속성의 정도는 선행연구들과 일관되게 현금흐름이 발생액 보다 미래이익지속성이 높게 나타났고, 기업수명주기단계인 성장기, 성숙기, 쇠퇴기 모두에서 일관된 결과가 나왔다. 그리고 시장이 효율적이지 않아 발생하는 시장이상현상(market anomaly)은 기업수명주기별로 약간의 차이를 보였다. 성숙기(발생액, 현금흐름)와 쇠퇴기(발생액)는 시장이상현상이 나타났지만, 성장기는 회계이익(발생액, 현금흐름) 정보를 자본시장에서 효율적으로 주식가격결정에 반영하는 것으로 나타났고, 쇠퇴기의 회계이익(현금흐름)에도 가치평가오류가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 시장참여자들이 기업수명주기의 성장단계와 쇠퇴단계의 특성을 이해함으로써 성장단계의 발생액과 현금흐름, 쇠퇴단계의 현금흐름에서 시장이상현상이 발생하지 않은 것으로 해석할 수 있었다. Sloan(1996) has shown that stock prices act as if the market investors fixate on earning, failing to fully distinguish between the differential persistence of the accrual and cash flow components of earnings. Based on Sloan``s study, This study examines whether the market anomaly occurs in the Korean capital markets. That is to say, this paper investigates whether market participants fully reflect differentially persistence of earning components(accrual, cashflow) when they sets share prices on Corporate Life Cycle(growth stage, maturity stage, decline stage). The sample consists of Listed manufacturing firms with the December 31 fiscal year end from 1994 to 2014. The results of hypotheses testing by statistical analysis are summarized as follows;First, The growth stage results indicate that market participants fully reflect the differential properties of the accrual versus cash flow components of earnings when they sets share prices in the growth stage. The capital market participants in the growth stage of Coporate Life Cycle efficiently reflect persistence of components of earnings when they sets stock prices. Because market participants understand a operating feature and management strategy of the growth stage. Second, The maturity stage results indicate that market participants fully fail to reflect the differential properties of the accrual versus cash flow components of earnings when they sets share prices in the maturity stage. Third, The decline stage results indicate that market participants fully reflect the differential properties of the cash flow components of earnings when they sets share prices. On the other hand, market participants fully fail to reflect the earnings persistence of the accrual components of earnings when they sets share prices. These results implies that the market investors in stock market fixate on cashflows and accruals of the maturity stage, on accruals of the decline stage in Corporate Life Cycle, failing to distinguish the differential persistence of two earnings components. In contrast, investors of the growth stage in Corporate Life Cycle efficiently reflect the information of accruals and cashflows of earnings components to the stock pricing.

만기파종에서 수확시 숙기가 사일리지용 옥수수의 사초수량과 품질에 미치는 영향

고한종,박형수,김수곤,김종덕,권찬호,김종관 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.2

옥수수를 호밀과 조합한 연간 2모작의 작부체계하에서는 옥수수의 파종시기가 5월 중순이후로 지연된다. 따라서 본 시험은 전작물이 호밀 때문에 옥수수의 파종시기가 5월 21일로 지연되었을 때 건물수량과 품질을 극대화 할 수 있는 적정 수확시기를 결정하기 위하여 수행하였다. 사일리지용 옥수수는 서울대학교 부속목장에서 5월 21일에 파종하고, 수확은 8개의 다른 숙기에서 수확하였다. 수확시 숙기는 수포형성기(출사후 16일), 유숙기(20일), 유숙후기(26일), 연호숙기(28일), 황숙초기(33일), 황숙중기(38일), 황숙후기(44일), 및 생리적성숙기(53일)로 하였다. 황숙초기에서 황숙후기의 전식물체 건물률은 29.0∼38.5%로 사일리지 생산에 가장 적합하였다. 건물 및 가소화영양소총량(TDN) 수량이 최대인 시기는 황숙중기로 각각 14,831 및 10,675㎏/ha 이었다. 숙기가 진행됨에 따라 전식물체의 ADF 함량은 35.4%에서 22.1%로 감소하였고 NDF 함량 또한 63.8%에서 46.0%로 감소하였다 (P<0.05) ADF 및 NDF 함량의 감소는 옥수수의 부위별 함량 변화와 관련이 높다. 즉 숙기가 진행됨에 따라 옥수수의 부위중 암이삭은 증가하고 경엽은 상대적으로 감소하였다. ADF 함량에 의해 계산된 비유정미에너지(NEL) 및 TDN은 경엽의 경우에는 황숙초기까지는 감소하고 그 이후에는 증가하였으나, 종실과 전식물체의 NEL 및 TDN은 숙기가 진행됨에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. In vitro 건물소화율은 숙기가 진행됨에 따라 경엽은 61.1%에서 49.7%로 감소한 반면 전식물체는 58.3%에서 65.7%로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 만기파종시 최대건물수량과 품질을 가진 사일러지용 옥수수를 생산하기 위해서는 황숙중기(1/2 milkline) 에서 황숙후기(2/3 milkline) 사이에 수확하여야 한다. 그리고 이때 출사후일수는 38일에서 44일 사이였다. The corn (Zea mays L) planting data in a double-cropping system is delayed until mid-May due to delayed rye harvest on May. This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum harvesting time for high yield and the best quality of silage corn at late planting date after harvesting winter rye. Coms were planted on 21 May and harvested at eight different maturity stage at Seoul National University Experimental Livestock Farm, Suwon in 1997. Maturities were B (blister; 16 days after silking), M (milk; 20 days), LM (late milk; 24 days), SD (soft dough; 28 days), ED (early dent; 33 days), FD (full dent; 38 days), LD (late dent; 44 days) and PM (physiological maturity; 53 days) stages. The percentage of whole plant dry matter (DM) showed optimum range for silage making (29.0 to 38.5%) when corn plant was harvested at between ED and LD stages. Maximum whole plant DM (14,831 ㎏/ha) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields (10,675 ㎏/ha) reached at full dent stage. The percentage of whole plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) was decreased from 35.4 to 22.1%, and that of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was also decreased from 63.8 to 46.0% as harvest stage progressed. These changes in chemical compositions were associated with changes in plant part composition. A progressive increase in total ear, and the decrease in stover portion in the plant were observed with advance in harvest stage. Calculated on net energy for lactation (NEL) and TDN values based on ADF percentage of stover plant decreased by ED stage and then increased by PM stage. But NEL and TDN values of ear and whole plant increased as harvest stage progressed. While in vitro dry matter digestibility of stover was decreased from 61.1 to 49.7%, whole plant was increased from 58.3 to 65.7% as maturity advanced (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that corn can be harvested for silage at full(1/2 milkline) and late dent (2/3 milkline) stages for maximum yield and optimum quality at late planting. And days after silking at late planting was 38 and 44 days.

A Research on Spiritual Formation in Christian Education

Shin, Hyun-Kwang 한국실천신학회 2023 신학과 실천 Vol.- No.85

In this paper we try to search for the some implications of spiritual formation in Christian education, dealing with biblical foundations of spiritual formation, biblical content of spiritual maturity, spiritual formation of developmental stages, spiritual formation through spiritual discipline, and the integration of personality and Christian maturity. Spiritual formation is more than the transfer of knowledge from a teacher to a learner. Spiritual formation begins first in the changes of the heart, where being begins. These changes primarily bring about relational depth with God and others. The by-product, not the goal, is secondary change in behaviors and attitudes. The blessing of Christian maturity leads us to the fullness of Christ in our own lives. Additionally, it serves as a safeguard against the confusion and spiritual deceit we so often encounter in the religious world. By being formed to His image, we are made stable and sound in contrast to spiritual infants who cannot steady themselves when blown about by schemes and heresies. Spiritual maturity is the quality of being fully developed in spirit. For the Christian this development entails, more specifically, being conformed to the image of Christ. The formation process for spiritual maturity according to developmental stages offers unconditional love and an atmosphere of grace. Where there is grace, there is safety to fail without the threat of guilt or condemnation. Spiritual formation depends upon a place of safety and acceptance. Spiritual discipline is the exercises that carried out on a regular basis by individuals or groups in order to make habitual certain actions and attitudes that open one up to God or express a way of life given over to God. The aim of the spiritual disciplines is to create space for God in our lives. They are a way to acknowledge our commitment to Jesus by seeking on a daily basis to make his Way our way. Discipline is related to the purification of human behavior in general, and to a special academic division of knowledge and training learning in professional terms. An integrated personality is another way of expressing the concept of spiritual maturity. It is not His will for the new-born Christian to remain in a state of spiritual babyhood. Instead, God expects maturity. Each Christian is admonished to be filled with the fullness of God. The goal is the perfect man in Christ. Spiritual maturity is achieved by walking worthily as a child of God. We always try to spiritual maturity through spiritual formation by spiritual discipline.

Yield and Quality of Silage Corn as Affected by Hybrid Maturity, Planting Date and Harvest Stage

Kim, J.D.,Kwon, C.H.,Kim, D.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.12

Silage corn (Zea mays L) is grown extensively in livestock operations, and many managements focus on forage yield. This experiment was conducted at Seoul National University (SNU) Experimental Livestock Farm, Suwon in 1998. We determined the effect of planting date and harvest stage on forage yield and quality responses of corn hybrids (five relative maturity groups). The five maturity groups (100 d, 106 d, 111 d, 119 d and 125 d) were planted on 15 April and 15 May, and harvested at maturity stages (1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 kernel milkline). Whole plant dry matter (DM) and ear percentages had significant differences among corn hybrids. Ear percentages of early maturing corns (100 d and 106 d) were higher than for other hybrids. Ear percentage at the early planting date was higher than that at the late planting date for all corn hybrids. The DM and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of the 106 d and 111 d corn hybrids were higher than other hybrids, and the DM and TDN yields at the early planting date were higher than that at the late planting date. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) percentages were greater for the late maturity corn hybrids. For plants of the early planting date, the ADF and NDF percentages were lower than for those of late planting date for hybrids. From the comparison among harvest stages, ADF and NDF percentages were decreased as harvest stage progressed. The TDN, net energy for lactation (NEL), and cellulase digestible organic matter of dry matter (CDOMD) were decreased as maturity of corn hybrid delayed. The TDN, NEL, and CDOMD values at the early planting date were higher than those at the late planting date among for corn hybrids. From the comparison among harvest dates, TDN, NEL, and CDOMD values were increased as harvest stage progressed. The correlation coefficient for DM percentage of grain at harvest with DM and TDN yields were 0.68*** and 0.76***, respectively. And the correlation coefficient for ear percentage with ADF, NDF, and CDOMD were -0.81***, -0.82*** and 0.73***, respectively. Our study showed differences of silage corn in forage production and quality resulting from hybrid maturity, planting date, and harvest stage. We believe that for the best silage corn, selection of the hybrid and best management practices are very important.

성장·성숙기 교사들의 ‘초등교사다움’의 의미 형성 과정: 근거이론적 접근 탐색

이정표 한국초등교육학회 2019 초등교육연구 Vol.32 No.3

This study explored the process that teachers in the growth stage and the maturity stage are forming a meaning of ‘a primary school teacher-[daum]’ through the Grounded Theory Approach. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with 11 primary school teachers in the growth stage and the maturity stage, who having 5-15 years’ teaching experience. The data collected were coded and analyzed according to the trend of the rationale for Strauss and Corbbin. The study found 127 concepts, 22 sub-categories and 9 categories from open coding. In axial coding, the paradigm was modeled with [considering the existence as a primary school teacher] as the main phenomenon. In addition, [recognizing his/her identity as an expert of children education when his/her career as a teacher increases] in the selection coding set as a key category, and based on this, the storytline of the process that teachers in the growth stage and the maturity stage are forming a meaning of ‘a primary school teacher-[daum]’ descirbed. These result provides a meaningful explanation for the way teachers forming their identity as primary school teacher when they are developing career from the novice stage to the growth stage and the maturity stage. In particular, this show that the process of forming the identity of primary school teachers is deeply related to the self-contained teacher system of primary education. 본 연구에서는 성장·성숙기 교사들이 ‘초등교사다움’의 의미를 형성해가는 과정에 대해 근거이론을 통해 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 교직 경력 5-15년차에 해당되는 성장․성숙기 초등 교사 11명을 대상으로 인터뷰를 실시하였고, 수집된 자료는 Strauss와 Corbin의 근거이론의 경향을 따라 코딩 및 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 개방코딩에서 127개의 개념, 22개의 하위범주, 9개의 범주가 도출되었다. 축 코딩에서 [초등교사로서 존재성을 고민함]을 주요 현상으로 하여 인과적 조건, 맥락적 조건, 중재적 조건, 행위/상호작용전략, 결과에 이르는 패러다임 모형을 구성하였다. 그리고 선택 코딩에서는 [경력교사가 되면서 아동교육 전문가로서 자신의 정체성을 인식함]을 핵심 범주로 설정하고, 성장·성숙기 교사가 ‘초등교사다움’의 의미를 형성해가는 과정에 대한 이야기 윤곽(storyline)을 작성하였다. 이러한 결과는 초등교사가 신규에서 성장·성숙기로 발달해갈 때, 그들이 초등교사로서 자신의 정체성을 형성해가는 방식에 대해 의미 있는 설명을 제공한다. 특히, 이는 초등교사의 정체성 형성 과정이 초등교육의 학급담임 중심 체제와 깊은 연관이 있음을 보여준다.

플레이스테이션(PlayStation)의성장기 및 성숙기 플랫폼 전략에 대한 사례 연구

김장순 한국경영컨설팅학회 2024 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.24 No.2

This study examines the strategy of platform companies, not traditional pipeline companies by analyzing cases in which PlayStation, a leading platform in the global video game console market, successfully overcame the crisis in its growth and maturity stage. In order to look at the success stories of PlayStation, which overwhelms competitors in the global game console market, it is indispensable to pay attention to the strategy adopted by PlayStation at each stage of growth and maturity that follows the introduction stage in order. The purpose of this study is to analyze how PlayStation overcame the stage-by-stage problems of growth and maturity, and what discriminatory strategies were attempted at each stage to reach its current appearance. To deal with those problems, PlayStation of growth stage carried out a strategy to maximize the network effect by attracting various stakeholders surrounding the platform ecosystem as participants of the platform. On top of that, PlayStation of maturity stage should reduce the possibility of potential threats by seeking to build relationships and collaborate with partners that cannot be overlooked due to market characteristics to prevent ‘lemon market’ problems. The results of this study, which examined the strategies that global platforms should implement provide practical implications for platform companies that have succeeded in entering the market and surviving, but are soon facing a crisis. In addition, this study provides the basis for empirical research on future platform strategies in that it proposed strategic propositions that could offset complex problems and various threats that occur during the platform's growth and maturity stage.

Effect of Stage of Maturity and Cultivars on the Digestibility of Whole Maize Plant and its Morphological Fractions

Firdous, R.,Gilani, A.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.8

A study was conducted on four maize cultivars to determine the dry matter and fibre digestibility as influenced by advancing plant age. Samples of maize cultivars Akbar, Neelum, UM-81 and IZ-31 were harvested at weekly intervals/ growth stages. The samples of morphological fractions such as leaf and stem were also collected at various growth stages. Whole mixed fodder and different fractions of maize plant were analysed for their chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of whole maize plant, leaf and stem decreased significantly with advancing stage of maturity. Digestibility of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose decreased significantly in all plant parts with advancing plant age/growth stages. Maximum values for the digestibility of dry matter and various cell wall constituents were observed in leaf, followed by whole plant and stem fractions. Cultivars were observed to have significant effect of IVDMD and digestibility of NDF, ADF and cellulose in all plant fractions. The results indicated that digestibility of maize fodder was affected by stage of maturity and cultivars. However, maturity had a greater effect on digestibility in all plant fractions than did cultivars. Dry matter contents were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with IVDMD of whole plant and its leaf and stem fractions. Based on correlations, regression equations were computed to predict IVDMD.

Antioxidant Capacity and Chemical Constituents of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) at Different Ripening Stages

Cuntang Wang,Dai Cheng,Jiankang Cao,Wei-Bo Jiang 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.3

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is admired for its high nutritional value and has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for its remarkable health functions. The antioxidant capacity (AOC) and the other qualitative parameters of jujube were measured at ripening stages of green maturity (GM), white maturity (WM), halfred maturity (HM), and red maturity (RM). AOC was screened with DPPH radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and reducing power. Jujube showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the total soluble solids and titratable acidity, and firmness have no change of all maturity stages, while ascorbic acid showed a significant (p<0.05) declining trend. At stage of GM, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC),and AOC in peel were the highest, and then rapidly decreased after WM. Meanwhile TPC and AOC in pulp reached a peak value in WM then declined, but TFC declined slowly during maturity.