구조방정식모형을 이용한 차별문항기능의 탐지: MACS와 MIMIC의 비교

윤수철,이순묵 한국심리학회 2013 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.32 No.4

Two models, MACS and MIMIC, can be used to detect Differential Item Functioning(DIF) in a Structural Equation Modeling framework. Although these two models can be considered as special cases of general Structural Equation Models, they may perform differently in various research contexts due to differences in statistical assumptions and the way in which each model uses data. In particular, since MIMIC model requires some additional assumptions, its performance may decline when those assumptions are not satisfied. Furthermore, the performance of MIMIC model will be superior to that of MACS model when sample sizes vary among groups because the former uses a single dataset including group variable(s), unlike the latter. Although many articles have commented on these predictions, no systematic research comparing the performance of the two models under these circumstances had yet to be conducted. Thus, we investigated the differences in performance of these two models under various conditions, specifically the size of impact, differences in measurement variable reliability, sample size ratio, total sample size, the size of differential item functioning, and the strategy for detecting DIF through a Monte Carlo simulation study. We found that the performance of MIMIC model in detecting uniform DIF did not decline significantly, although one of its additional assumptions was violated. Moreover, MIMIC model was superior to MACS model when sample sizes differed between two groups. Finally, we emphasize the importance of employing appropriate strategies for effective use of the two models to detect uniform DIF. 구조방정식모형을 이용하여 차별문항기능을 탐지하는 방법으로 평균 및 공분산구조(MACS) 모형과 다지표-다원인(MIMIC) 모형의 두 가지를 들 수 있다. 두 모형은 모두 구조방정식모형의 특수한 경우에 해당하지만, 모형 간에 통계적 가정 및 자료의 입력 방식이 다르기 때문에 연구 상황에 따라 그 수행이 상이할 수 있다. 특히 MIMIC 모형은 MACS 모형에 비해 추가적인 가정을 필요로 하기 때문에, 가정이 위배될 경우 균일적 차별문항기능 탐지에 더 불리할 수 있다. 또한 MACS 모형과 달리 MIMIC 모형은 집단변수를 포함한 단일 입력자료를 사용하기 때문에, 집단 간에 표본크기가 상이할 경우 MIMIC 모형이 MACS 모형보다 균일적 차별문항기능 탐지에 더 유리할 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 이러한 가능성에 대해 여러 문헌에서 지적되었음에도 불구하고, 다양한 상황에서 두 모형의 차이를 체계적으로 비교한 연구는 발견되지 않았다. 따라서 다양한 연구 상황을 반영한 몬테 카를로 모의실험(Monte Carlo simulation)을 통해 균일적 차별문항기능 탐지에 대한 두 모형의 수행을 비교하였다. 구체적으로는 집단효과, 측정변수 신뢰도의 차이, 전체 표본크기, 표본크기의 비율, 차별문항기능의 크기, 차별문항기능 탐지 전략 등을 체계적으로 조작하였으며, 이에 따른 두 모형의 수행을 비교하였다. 비교 결과, 추가적인 가정이 위배되는 상황에서도 MIMIC 모형의 균일적 차별문항기능 탐지율이 MACS 모형에 비해 크게 저하되지 않았으며, 표본 크기가 집단 간에 다른 경우 MIMIC 모형이 MACS 모형보다 우수한 탐지율을 보였다. 단, 두 모형의 효과적인 사용을 위해서는 적절한 탐지 전략이 필요하므로, 이에 대해 논의한 후 현실적으로 바람직한 방안을 제안하였다.

낮은 변환손실 특성의 94 GHz MHEMT MIMIC Resistive 믹서

안단,이복형,임병옥,이문교,오정훈,백용현,김성찬,박정동,신동훈,박형무,박현창,김삼동,이진구,An Dan,Lee Bok-Hyung,Lim Byeong-Ok,Lee Mun-Kyo,Oh Jung-Hun,Baek Yong-Hyun,Kim Sung-Chan,Park Jung-Dong,Shin Dong-Hoon,Park Hyung-Moo,Park Hyun-Chang 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.42 No.5

본 논문에서는 낮은 변환손실 특성의 94 GHz MIMIC(Millimeter-wave Monolithic Integrated Circuit) resistive 믹서를 설계 및 제작하였다. MIMIC resistive 믹서는 $0.1{\mu}m$ InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs Metamorphic HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor)를 이용하여 설계 및 제작되었다. 제작된 MHEMT는 드레인 전류 밀도 665 mA/mm, 최대 전달컨덕턴스(Gm)는 691 mS/mm를 얻었으며, RF 특성으로 fT는 189 GHz, fmax는 334 GHz의 양호한 성능을 나타내었다. 94 GHz MIMIC 믹서의 개발을 위해 MHEMT의 비선형 모델과 CPW 라이브러리를 구축하였으며, 이를 이용하여 MIMIC 믹서를 설계하였다. 설계된 믹서는 본 연구에서 개발된 MHEMT MIMIC 공정을 이용해 제작되었다. 94 GHz MIMIC resistive 믹서의 측정결과 변환손실 특성은 94 GHz에서 8.2 dB의 양호한 특성을 나타내었으며, 입력 P1 dB는 9 dBm, 출력 P1 dB는 0 dBm의 결과를 얻었다. Resistive 믹서의 LO-IF 격리도는 94.03 GHz에서 15.6 dB의 측정 결과를 얻었다. 본 논문에서 설계 및 제작된 94 GHz MIMIC resistive 믹서는 기존의 W-band 대역 resistive 믹서와 비교하여 낮은 변환손실 특성을 나타내었다. In this paper, low conversion loss 94 GHz MIMIC resistive mixer was designed and fabricated. The $0.1{\mu}m$ InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs Metamorphic HEMT, which is applicable to MIMIC's, was fabricated. The DC characteristics of MHEMT are 665 mA/mm of drain current density, 691 mS/mm of maximum transconductance. The current gain cut-off frequency(fT) is 189 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency(fmax) is 334 GHz. A 94 GHz resistive mixer was fabricated using $0.1{\mu}m$ MHEMT MIMIC process. From the measurement, the conversion loss of the 94 GHz resistive mixer was 8.2 dB at an LO power of 10 dBm. P1 dB(1 dB compression point) of input and output were 9 dBm and 0 dBm, respectively. LO-RF isolations of resistive mixer was obtained 15.6 dB at 94.03 GHz. We obtained in this study a lower conversion loss compared to some other resistive mixers in W-band frequencies.

저궤도 관측위성에서의 원격 측정 데이터 관련 MIMIC 설계 및 구현

허윤구(Yun-Goo Huh),김영윤(Young-Yun Kim),조승원(Seung-Won Cho),최종연(Jong-Yeoun Choi) 한국항공우주연구원 2012 항공우주기술 Vol.11 No.1

지상에서 위성체 총조립 및 시험(AIT; Assembly, Integration & Test) 단계와 발사 후 위성 운용 단계에서 저궤도 관측위성에 대한 다양한 상태 정보들은 위성으로부터 수신한 원격 측정 (Telemetry) 데이터를 통해서 알 수 있다. 하지만 매초 단위로 위성으로부터 수신되는 수많은 원격 측정 데이터들을 모두 일일이 실시간으로 모니터링 하여 위성의 이상 유무를 판별하기는 거의 불가능하다. 특히 저궤도 관측위성은 발사 후 주기적으로 지상국과 교신하는 짧은 시간 내에 위성으로부터 수신한 원격 측정 데이터로 부터 위성의 상태를 빠르게 판단해야 하고, 경우에 따라서는 위성의 긴급한 상황을 극복할 수 있는 조치를 위성과의 짧은 교신 시간 내에 완료해야 한다. 따라서 위성으로부터 수신한 원격 측정 데이터들을 선별하고 필요에 따라서 가공하여, 신속하고 요약된 정보를 시각화된 그림이나 도표 등으로 모니터 화면상에 시연해주는 MIMIC은 위성 시험 단계에서 뿐만이 아니라 위성 운용 단계에서도 필수적이다. 본 문서에서는 저궤도 관측위성인 다목적 실용위성에서 현재 개발 완료되어 사용되고 MIMIC에 대한 설계 및 구현 사항에 대해서 자세히 기술한다. 또한 MIMIC의 개발환경과 향후 추가적으로 보완개발될 MIMIC에 대한 개선 사항들에 대해서도 설명한다. The telemetry data received from satellite in real-time are used to monitor LEO satellite during the AIT (Assembly, Integration & Test) phase and the mission operation phase after launch. However, it is impossible to check all the incoming telemetry data from satellite in real time in order to detect abnormality of satellite quickly. Especially, the contact time of LEO satellite is limited because of its orbital characteristics. So the anomaly state of the LEO satellite should be detected and resolved during the contact time. Therefore, all incoming spacecraft telemetry data must be selected and manipulated in MIMIC. It is used in order to display summarized information about spacecraft in a visualized way that is quickly and easily understood. That is, it provides essential function to monitor a satellite both in orbit and during testing. In this paper, the design and development of MIMIC currently used in KOMPSAT, a LEO Earth observation satellite is described in detail. In future work, we plan to enhance MIMIC in order to improve user-friendliness and efficiency.

Clinical Differences Between Stroke and Stroke Mimics in Code Stroke Patients

Kim Taekwon,Jeong Han-Yeong,Suh Gil Joon 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.7

Background: The code stroke system is designed to identify stroke patients who may benefit from reperfusion therapy. It is essential for emergency physicians to rapidly distinguish true strokes from stroke mimics to activate code stroke. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and neurological characteristics that can be used to differentiate between stroke and stroke mimics in the emergency department (ED). Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of code stroke patients in the ED from January to December 2019. The baseline characteristics and the clinical and neurological features of stroke mimics were compared with those of strokes. Results: A total of 409 code stroke patients presented to the ED, and 125 (31%) were diagnosed with stroke mimics. The common stroke mimics were seizures (21.7%), drug toxicity (12.0%), metabolic disorders (11.2%), brain tumors (8.8%), and peripheral vertigo (7.2%). The independent predictors of stroke mimics were psychiatric disorders, dizziness, altered mental status, and seizure-like movements, while current smoking, elevated systolic blood pressure, atrial fibrillation on the initial electrocardiogram, hemiparesis as a symptom, and facial palsy as a sign suggested a stroke. In addition, the likelihood of a stroke in code stroke patients tended to increase as the number of accompanying deficits increased from the following set of seven focal neurological deficits: hemiparesis (or upper limb monoparesis), unilateral limb sensory change, facial palsy, dysarthria, aphasia (or neglect), visual field defect, and oculomotor disorder (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Some clinical and neurological characteristics have been identified to help differentiate stroke mimics from true stroke. In particular, the likelihood of stroke tended to increase as the number of accompanying focal neurological deficits increased.

Porous Silicon Interferometric Sensors for the Detection of Nerve Agent Mimics Using Various Light Sources

장승현,Youngdae Koh,김지훈,Kyoungsun Jung,손홍래 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.1

Various detection methods using nanostructured materials, such as distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), for sensing G-type nerve agent mimics have been developed. For DBRs, the versatile porous silicon (PSi) is prepared by electrochemical etching through applied square current waveform. The manufactured DBR exhibits unique optical properties providing the reflection of a specific wavelength in the optical reflectivity spectrum. The detection methods involve the shift of DBR in the reflectivity spectra under exposure to vapors of nerve agent mimics. Rapid detection has been achieved within 5 sec, in situ, and has been observed through the red-shift of the reflection peak caused by an increase in the refractive indices in PSi. Real-time detection for the nerve agent gases indicates that the measurement is reversible. The detection efficiency for nerve agent mimics is also increased when a light-emitting diode (LED, λem = 520 nm) or laser (λem = 530 nm) is used as an incident light source instead of a tungsten-halogen lamp. Various detection methods using nanostructured materials, such as distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), for sensing G-type nerve agent mimics have been developed. For DBRs, the versatile porous silicon (PSi) is prepared by electrochemical etching through applied square current waveform. The manufactured DBR exhibits unique optical properties providing the reflection of a specific wavelength in the optical reflectivity spectrum. The detection methods involve the shift of DBR in the reflectivity spectra under exposure to vapors of nerve agent mimics. Rapid detection has been achieved within 5 sec, in situ, and has been observed through the red-shift of the reflection peak caused by an increase in the refractive indices in PSi. Real-time detection for the nerve agent gases indicates that the measurement is reversible. The detection efficiency for nerve agent mimics is also increased when a light-emitting diode (LED, λem = 520 nm) or laser (λem = 530 nm) is used as an incident light source instead of a tungsten-halogen lamp.

낮은 LO 입력 및 변환손실 특성을 갖는 V-band MIMIC Up-mixer

이상진,고두현,진진만,안단,이문교,조창식,임병옥,채연식,박형무,이진구,Lee Sang Jin,Ko Du Hyun,Jin Jin Man,An Dan,Lee Mun Kyo,Cho Chang Shik,Lim Byeong Ok,Chae Yeon Sik,Park Hyung Moo,Rhee Jin Koo 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.41 No.12

In this paper, we present MIMIC(Millimeter-wave Monolithic Integrated Circuit) up-mixer with low conversion loss and low LO power for the V-band transmitter applications. The up-mixer was successfully integrated by using 0.1 ㎛ GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs(PHEMTs) and coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures. The circuit is designed to operate at RF frequencies of 60.4 GHz, IF frequencies of 2.4 GHz, and LO frequencies of 58 GHz. The fabricated MIMIC up-mixer size is 2.3 mmxl.6 mm. The measured results show that the low conversion loss of 1.25 dB when input signal is -10.25 dBm at LO power of 5.4 dBm. The LO to RF isolation is 13.2 dB at 58 GHz. The fabricated V-band up-mixer represents lower LO input power and conversion loss characteristics than previous reported millimeter-wave up-mixers. 본 논문에서는 낮은 LO 입력으로 저 변환손실 특성을 갖는 MIMIC(Millimeter-wave Monolithic Integrated Circuit) V-band up-mixer를 설계 및 제작하였다. Up-mixer는 0.1 ㎛ GaAs PHEMT와 coplanar waveguide (CPW) 전송라인을 사용하여 제작되었다. Up-mixer는 60.4 GHz의 RF 주파수, 2.4 GHz의 IF 주파수와 58 GHz의 LO 주파수에서 동작되도록 설계되었다. Up-mixer는 표준 MIMIC공정을 사용하여 제작되었으며 칩 크기는 2.3 mmxl.6 mm이다. 제작된 up-mixer의 측정결과 입력신호가 -10.25 dBm 이고 LO의 입력 전력이 5.4 dBm 일 때 1.25 dB의 양호한 변환손실 특성을 얻었다. 58 GHz에서 LO 와 RF의 격리특성은 -13.2 dB를 나타내었다. 제작된 V-band up-mixer는 기존에 발표된 밀리미터파 up-mixer에 비하여 낮은 LO 입력 전력과 양호한 변환손실 특성을 나타내었다.

The Phenotype of the Soybean Disease-Lesion Mimic (dlm) Mutant is Light-Dependent and Associated with Chloroplast Function

Kim, Byo-Kyong,Kim, Young-Jin,Paek, Kyoung-Bee,Chung, Jong-Il,Kim, Jeong-Kook The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

The dlm (disease lesion mimic) mutant of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) shows the similar lesion of a soybean disease caused by a fungus, Corynespora cassilcola. The lesion was examined at cellular and molecular level. Trypan blue staining result indicated that cell death was detectable in the entire region of leaves excluding veins when the lesions had already been developed. We found that the mesophyll cells of palisade layer in the dim mutant appeared to be wider apart from each other. The chloroplasts of the dim mutant cells contained bigger starch granules than those in normal plants. We also found that the lesion development of dlm plant was light-dependent and the starch degradation during the dark period of diurnal cycle was impaired in the mutant. Three soybean pathogenesis-related genes, PR-1a, PR-4, and PR-10, were examined for their expression patterns during the development of disease lesion mimic. The expression of all three genes was up-regulated to some extent upon the appearance of the disease lesion mimic. Although the exact function of DLM protein remains elusive, our data would provide some insight into mechanism underling the cell death associated with the dim mutation.

The Phenotype of the Soybean Disease-Lesion Mimic (dlm) Mutant is Light-Dependentand Associated with Chloroplast Function

Hyo-Kyong Kim,김정국,백경희,Young Jin Kim,Jong-Il Chung 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

The dlm (disease lesion mimic) mutant of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) shows the similar lesion of a soybean disease caused by a fungus, Corynespora cassilcola. The lesion was examined at cellular and molecular level. Trypan blue staining result indicated that cell death was detectable in the entire region of leaves excluding veins when the lesions had already been developed. We found that the mesophyll cells of palisade layer in the dlm mutant appeared to be wider apart from each other. The chloroplasts of the dlm mutant cells contained bigger starch granules than those in normal plants. We also found that the lesion development of dlm plant was light-dependent and the starch degradation during the dark period of diurnal cycle was impaired in the mutant. Three soybean pathogenesis- related genes, PR-1a, PR-4, and PR-10, were examined for their expression patterns during the development of disease lesion mimic. The expression of all three genes was up-regulated to some extent upon the appearance of the disease lesion mimic. Although the exact function of DLM protein remains elusive, our data would provide some insight into mechanism underling the cell death associated with the dlm mutation.

지각된 가치에 기반 한 브랜드 명성에 관한 실증적 연구

박효정,김준석 한국기업경영학회 2015 기업경영연구 Vol.22 No.1

In a study of existing brand reputation and brand reputation is high, low, good, bad, positive, negative, and explains that the absolute level of reputation and brand levels compared with competing brands. Such a level that previous studies have confirmed the presence of brand reputation, brand reputation, theoretically proven that description, the lack of research on the factors that lead to brand reputation, a strategy utilizing the brand reputation and brand reputation management has limitations have. So this study overcomes the limitations of existing research, the, to be able to develop and utilize strategies and manage brand reputation in the development theory, many researchers have commonly perceived value that describes the brand reputation is causing the brand reputation cause as a component of brand reputation that will be explained to the empirical validation. For the formative indicator in the structural equation model, the indicators can be defined in the properties of the latent variables, as the cause of the difference of latent variables which severity indicators that verification is possible. Therefore, this study was to utilize the formative indicator to verify that the indicators for the four perceived value (quality, price, emotional, and social) can be defined by the characteristics of the brand reputation to cause a brand reputation. In order to verify the formative indicators AMOS shall be verified through the formative indicators and reflective indicator in mixed MIMIC model. And the results are verified by the MIMIC model was verified by leveraging Two-Construct models to ensure that you have a theoretical construct validity. Questionnaire for this study was carried out by direct survey approach targeting two weeks, Kyung Hee University undergraduate and graduate students. 198 of 216 survey questionnaires are available utilizing the proportion of women (63.6%) was higher than in men (36.4%). Results are four kinds of perceived value (quality, price, emotional, social) have been identified as factors explaining the nature of the brand configured to cause a renowned brand reputation. Even theoretically correct perceived value factors identified factors that lead to brand reputation through a proven brand trust, brand reputation has been confirmed to have a positive impact on the brand you trust. Important factors for the four perceived value to induce brand reputation ranking of importance (quality, price, emotional, and social) are perceived quality, perceived social, perceived price, perceived feelings were confirmed by the order. Perceived value is a perception that the product level for the price the consumer wants, in previous studies of higher quality, perceived value positively asserted that higher prices higher perceived negatively. Perceived price identified as an important factor in causing the brand reputation is negative (-) by indicating the direction of the case to induce the brand reputation and quality without the high price because the perceived positive perception of social status, build brand reputation is negatively that it can be can be inferred from the findings. This was based on the perceived value of brand reputation is the result of empirical studies is that consumers think the price or brand reputation functionally superior quality than the emotional part, and it was confirmed that there is a greater significance to strengthen the social status. If the symbol of excellent features and social status through the results of this study and of the products that increase the quality products and trusted brands such as car less sensitive to price, on a positive impact on the purchasing process for consumers to take advantage of brand reputation is important as a marketing strategy must have been identified. And brand managers as a result that can contribute to the brand reputation management through the identification and comparison of competing brands on the main causes that ... 기존 브랜드 명성의 연구에서는 브랜드 명성을 높고, 낮고, 좋고, 나쁘고, 긍정적이고, 부정적이라는 절대적 수준이나 경쟁브랜드와 비교하는 수준으로 브랜드 명성을 설명하고 있다. 이런 기존 연구들은 브랜드 명성을 확인하는 것 외에 브랜드 명성을 활용한 전략 수립이나 브랜드 명성 관리를 위해 활용하는 데는 한계점을 가지고 있다. 그래서 본 연구는 지각된 가치 4가지(품질, 가격, 감정, 사회) 측정지표가 브랜드 명성을 야기하는 중요한 구성 요인으로 브랜드 신뢰에도 영향을 미치는 것을 MIMIC 모형과 Two - Construct 모형을 통해 실증적으로 검증하였다. 지각된 가치 4가지(품질, 가격, 감정, 사회) 차원이 브랜드 명성을 유발하는 구성 요인임이 검증되었으며, 브랜드 명성을 유발하는 지각된 가치 4가지(품질, 가격, 감정, 사회) 차원 중 중요도 순위는 지각된 품질, 지각된 사회, 지각된 가격, 지각된 감정 순으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 선행 연구에서 검증되었던 지각된 품질 뿐 아니라 브랜드 명성을 유발하는 원인으로 지각된 사회도 소비자들에게 중요하게 지각됨이 확인되었으며, 부(-)의 방향이 나온 지각된 가격의 경우 품질과 사회의 긍정적 지각없이 높은 가격만으로는 긍정적 브랜드 명성을 구축 할 수 없음을 유추 해 볼 수 있다. 이 연구 결과는 브랜드 명성을 유발하는 요인으로 검증 된 지각된 가치 4가기(품질, 가격, 감정, 사회)를 통해 브랜드 관리자들은 자신의 브랜드 명성 구축에 영향을 주는 주요 원인에 대한 파악 및 경쟁 브랜드와의 비교가 가능하여 브랜드 명성에 대한 이론 및 실무적 기여가 클 것이라 예상한다.

MIMIC모형에 의한 태권도 수련생의 참가 동기가 수련만족도에 미치는 영향

양현석(Hyunsuk Yang),문용(Yong Moon),양통일(Tongil Yang) 한국무예학회 2021 무예연구 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구에서는 태권도 수련생의 수련만족도를 파악하기 위해 참가 동기를 원인으로 심리 사회적 특성을 파악하여 만족도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 전략적 방안을 강구 하는데 궁극적인 목적이 있다. 조사대상은 충청도 소재 태권도장 초, 중등부 수련생을 대상으로 최총 318명의 설문지를 연구목적에 따라 분석하였다. 조사 도구는 참가 동기(양명환, 2000)와 수련만족도(남승우, 1997; 양현석, 1999; 오대영, 1995; 윤아영, 2012; 윤오남, 2002) 이며 5점 Likert 척도를 사용하여 였고, 기술통계와 mimic형 구조 방정식 모형분석을 SPSS 23과 Amos 23 버전을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구가설Ⅰ인 참가 동기는 신체적 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 구체적으로 참가 동기에 학습 동기가 가장 높게 영향을 미치는 가운데 신체적 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 연구가설Ⅱ인 참가 동기는 정신적 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 구체적으로 참가 동기에 학습 동기가 가장 높게 영향을 미치는 가운데 정신적 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 연구가설Ⅲ인 참가 동기는 기술습득 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 구체적으로 참가 동기에 학습 동기가 가장 높게 영향을 미치는 가운데 기술습득 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 연구가설Ⅳ인 참가 동기는 자아방어 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 구체적으로 참가 동기에 학습 동기가 가장 높게 영향을 미치는 가운데 자아 방어 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of Taekwondo trainees" motivation to participate in training satisfaction. The subjects of the survey were 318 students from elementary, middle and high school students at the Taekwondo gym in Chungcheong-do, according to the purpose of the study. The survey tool used a five-point Likert scale with participation motivation and training satisfaction, and the analysis of the mimic structural equation model was performed using SPSS 23 and Amos 23 versions. First, the motivation for participation, which is the theory of research I, affected physical satisfaction. Second, the motivation to participate in research theory II affected mental satisfaction. Third, the motivation for participation, which is research theory III, affected the satisfaction of technology acquisition. Fourth, the motivation for participation, which is a research theory, affected self-defense satisfaction.