Regional efficiency analysis of fresh food cold chain logistics in China based on three-stage DEA model

Shan Li,Yong Jin Kim 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2024 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.22 No.4

Purpose – Assessing the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics as accurately as possible is essential for industry development planning. This study was designed to analyze the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China.<BR/>Design/methodology/approach – A three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used to analyze the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in 30 provinces of China from 2013 to 2019. The stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model in the second stage was used to eliminate the influence of external environmental factors and random disturbances on efficiency analysis results.<BR/>Findings – (1) The overall actual efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China is unsatisfactory, with an average technical efficiency of 0.382 over the 7-year period. (2) The national average technical efficiency and average scale efficiency were overestimated by 29.9% and 40.0%, respectively, compared with the actual values. (3) The efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics does not align with the level of regional economic development. (4) Distinct regional variations exist in the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China, with higher efficiencies observed in Northwest China and the Central Yangtze River regions, and the lowest efficiencies in the northeast regions.<BR/>Originality/value – This study applies a three-stage DEA model to assess the development and regional differences of fresh food cold chain logistics in China, enriching the application of models and empirical analysis in this field. By analyzing the situation in China, it provides ideas and references for other developing countries to develop cold chain logistics.

DEA-SBM 모형을 활용한 국내외 물류기업의 재무 효율성 분석

노연호,판황프엉우엔,하헌구 한국로지스틱스학회 2023 로지스틱스연구 Vol.31 No.6

The domestic logistics industry has a low level of operational efficiency and management maturity compared to global logistics companies, and it is necessary to specialize and systematize key operations to drive business expansion and growth. Therefore, this study divided the domestic logistics companies into 4 groups by sector and 3 groups by size, and added global logistics companies to analyze efficiency using the DEA-SBM (Slack Based Model) based on meaningful and objective indicators from financial statements. The efficiency analysis of all 58 logistics companies from 2013 to 2022 showed an upward trend for domestic comprehensive logistics service companies and trucking companies, a flat trend for freight forwarding companies, and a downward trend for warehousing companies. Overall, domestic logistics companies have not reached an adequate level of efficiency in terms of outputs relative to inputs. On the other hand, the relative efficiency of global logistics companies shows a stable trend, but the overall distribution of inefficiencies is much lower than that of domestic logistics companies, indicating that they are operating efficiently. Through this study, Korean logistics companies have identified the need for more active policy support from the government along with their own efforts to improve competitiveness and structural reforms. In addition, both domestic and foreign logistics companies have experienced fluctuations in efficiency before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, however, it is necessary to benchmark domestic logistics companies against the low efficiency fluctuations and rapid improvement results of global logistics companies through digital transformation, logistics system improvement using A.I. and Big Data, and Logistics & Supply Chain improvement processes such as customer contact response management.

Analysis on the Effects of Logistics Efficiency on Korea’s Trade Flows in RCEP Signatories

Seo-Young Lee(Seo-Young Lee) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2022 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.18 No.5

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of logistics efficiency in RCEP signatory countries on Korea’s trade. In particular, after analyzing the effects of individual indicators of the logistics performance index (LPI) on trade, policy implications are drawn based on the results. Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to analyze the effect of logistics efficiency in RCEP countries on Korea’s trade, the independent variables of the gravity model included GDP, population, distance, and LPI. For detailed analysis, in addition to the LPI, the individual indicators of LPI are input to the independent variable for analysis. This study adopts varying coefficient models, the random effects model and fixed effects model, in order to more effectively analyze unobservable factors in the panel data. Findings - The empirical evidence using the gravity model showed that the coefficient of LPI was about 1.7 and statistically significant at the 1% level of significance. In other words, if the logistics efficiency of the RCEP signatory country increases by 1%, when other variables are constant, Korea’s trade volume increases by about 1.7%. As a result of analyzing the effect of LPI’s individual indicators on trade, it was found that the five individual indicators of logistics infrastructure, international shipment, logistics service, timeliness, and goods tracking affect trade. On the other hand, the clearance index was not statistically significant at any significance level. Research Implications - It was confirmed that the logistics efficiency of RCEP signatory countries is important for Korea’s trade facilitation. In other words, if not only Korea’s logistics efficiency but also the logistics efficiency of the RCEP signatory countries are improved, the facilitation of trade between the two countries can be achieved. To this end, it is necessary to reduce the logistics cost through the establishment of the logistics infrastructure, and it is also necessary to make efforts to increase logistics efficiency.

상품라인별 가격결정이 적재효율 및 물류비에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

정성태,윤남수,한규철 한국유통과학회 2014 유통과학연구 Vol.12 No.8

Purpose - Despite the importance of price, many companies do not implement pricing policies smoothly, because typical price management strategies insufficiently consider logistics efficiency and an increase in logistics costs due to logistics waste. This study attempts to examine the effect of product line pricing, which corresponds to product mix pricing, on logistics efficiency in the case of manufacturer A, and analyzes how logistics performance changes in response to these variables. Research design, data, and methodology - This study, based on the case of manufacturer A, involved research through understanding the current status, analyses, and then proposing improvement measures. Among all the products of manufacturer A, product group B was selected as the research object, and its distribution channel and line pricing were examined. As a result of simulation, for products with low loading efficiency, improvement measures such as changing the number of bags in the box were suggested, and a quantitative analysis was conducted on how these measures influence logistics costs. The TOPS program was used for the Pallet loading efficiency simulation tool in this study. To prevent products from protruding out of the pallet, the maximum measurement was set as 0.0mm, and loading efficiency was based on the pallet area, and not volume. In other words, its size (length x width) was focused upon, following the purpose of this study and, then, the results were obtained. Results - As a result of the loading efficiency simulation, when the number of bags in the box was changed for 36 products with low average loading efficiency of 73.7%, as shown in <Table 11>, loading efficiency improved to 89.9%. Further, from calculating logistics cost based on the cost calculation standard of manufacturer A, the amount of annual logistics cost reduction amounted to 101,458,084 KRW. Given that the sum of the logistics cost of the product group B of manufacturing enterprises A is 400,340,850 KRW, it can be reduced by 25%, to 298,882,766 KRW. Although many methods improve loading efficiency, this study proved that logistics cost could be reduced by changing the number of bags within boxes. If this measure is applied to other items, visible logistics cost reduction effects will be realized through improvements in loading efficiency. Conclusions - Future pricing policies should consider their correlation with quality, loading efficiency, product specifications, and logistics standardization to prevent logistics waste, enabling management to improve earnings for companies. Thus, when companies decide pricing policies for new products, the aspects of merchandising and marketing should take priority; however, the aspect of logistics also needs to be considered as significant. Measures revealed by the study results are not only the responsibilities of manufacturing enterprises. Pricing policy agreements between manufacturing enterprises and distribution companies, and logistics factors related to price determination should be considered; further, governments should also support them for their collaborations. This will enable consumers to purchase quality products with low prices.

한국 물류산업의 효율성과 생산성: 비모수적 기법과 모수적 기법의 적용

김창범 ( Chang Beom Kim ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2015 해운물류연구 Vol.31 No.3

본고는 우리나라 물류산업에 대해 DEA기법을 적용하여 효율성과 생산성을 분석하고, 패널 SFA기법과 패널 Tobit모형을 적용하여 규모의 수익 패턴과 효율성의 결정요인을 분석하였다. 첫째, CCR기준 초효율성과 SBM기준 초효율성 분석 결과 육상운송업이 가장 비효율적이며, 수상운송업이 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 업종별로는 외항화물운송업이 가장 효율적이며, 도시철도운송업이 가장 비효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SFA기법을 적용한 결과 생산의 노동탄력성과 자본탄력성이 1에 근접하여 규모의 수익불변 특징을 보여주었다. 둘째, 패널 Tobit분석 결과 1인당 생산성 향상은 효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 1인당 자본량과 평균비용 증가는 효율성에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, DEA/Window 기법으로 효율성의 동태적 안정성 여부를 살펴본 결과, 도선업이 가장 불안정적이며 도시철도운송업이 가장 안정적이었다. 넷째, Malmquist 생산성 분석을 통해 생산성 증가와 감소의 가장 큰 요인은 각각 기술진보와 기술퇴보로 분석되었다. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency and productivity of 40 logistics industries in Korea using a variety of method: super CCR, super SBM, DEA window analysis, and the Malmquist productivity index. The super efficiency model is a method for selecting the most efficient of all efficient decision making units (DMUs). The super SBM (slack-based measure of super-efficiency) model was introduced as an alternative method to calculating the super efficiency score without considering the slacks of input variables and output variables. Using these models, the most efficient DMU has a value greater than one. The Malmquist productivity index has many attractive features. For one thing, it decomposes the result into a technical efficiency change index and frontier change index, allowing the productivity change to be attributed to either changes in technical efficiency or changes in technology(i.e., technological progress in the industry), or both. The total factor productivity change is the product of technical efficiency change and technological change. Technical efficiency change can be decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency change. Window analysis is one of methods used to verify productivity change over time and works on the principle of moving averages. DEA window analysis is used to measure efficiency in cross-sectional and time variant data. Thus, it is useful for detecting performance trends for a DMU over time. Each DMU is treated as a different industry in a different period, which allows for increasing the number of data points. In other words, each DMU in a different period is treated as if it were an independent DMU but remains comparable in the same window. The advantage of DEA window analysis is that the performance of an industry in a given period can be compared to itself and to other industries over time. The empirical results are as follows: First, by both the super CCR efficiency and super SBM efficiency methods, inefficiency of land transport and water transport was indicated as 67-74% and 30-44% respectively. These results indicate that land is the most inefficient form of transport, whereas water transport is the most efficient. The annual efficiency values revealed that the degree of inefficiency has increased since 2011. Also, detailed results for sectors show that ocean shipping is the most efficient way to transport cargo, whereas urban rail transport is the most inefficient. Second, tobit panel analysis showed that labor productivity has positive impact on efficiency, whereas average cost has negative impact on efficiency. Third, the DEA window analysis results calculated using LDP values and standard deviations show that ferry transport is the most stable, whereas urban railway transport is the most unstable. Fourth, Malmquist productivity index results show that productivity improved 1.6% on average, with technological progress being the major factor decreasing productivity. These results indicate that it is necessary to expand the logistics market to increase the efficiency of the industry. To do so, many efforts must be made to global leadership in logistics enterprises, invest on global logistics infrastructure, increase research and development, and expand the future use of new technologies.

논문 : 중소유통공동도매물류센터의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 효율성 분석 연구

박청림 ( Chung Lim Park ),문상영 ( Sang Young Moon ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2016 해운물류연구 Vol.32 No.1

정부에서는 대중소기업의 경쟁력 차이를 좁히기 위해 10여 년간 중소유통공동도매물류센터 건립을 통해 중소유통업의 경쟁력 향상을 위해 노력하였다. 2003년부터 국비 711억원이 지원되어 2015년까지 41개소가 개설 및 구축 중이다. 하지만, 운영상의 미흡으로 2013년 기준 안정화된 23개 센터 중 7개소가 영업적자 상태에 있으며, 건립 및 운영상의 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중소유통업 환경의 변화, 중소유통업의 물류 문제점, 중소유통공동도매물류센터의 운영현황을 살펴본 후 중소기업청에서 정보공개를 청구하여 취득한 19개 센터의 자료로 DEA모형의 효율성 분석과 Malmquist모형의 생산성 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석을 통해 중소유통공동도매물류센터의 비효율성의 요인으로 산출요소에 비해 투입요소가 과대한 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 중소유통공동도매물류센터의 발전을 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. In this study, the efficiency and productivity of common logistics centers for small and medium-size retailers in South Korea are analyzed using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and a Malmquist productivity index (MPI). Nonpublicly available data from 2010 to 2013 obtained from government agencies are analyzed to reveal the operational and policy implications of the development of such centers. Since small and medium-size retailers weaken their competitiveness compare to new and large retailers such as online shopping and super supermarket, development of the common logistics centers has been issued. Typically, these common logistics centers are introduced to enhance the competitiveness of small and medium-size retailers. The new and large retailers are able to enhance efficiency through economies of scale, especially in supply chain management. They can handle, transport, and store more goods at a relatively low unit cost since they can manage a large amount of goods using enhanced information and communication technology (ICT) services. However, small and medium-size retailers lack access to such technology, which is used to improve operational efficiency, because of the large initial investment required. Hence, common logistics centers are introduced to enable many small retailers to store and handle their goods together and thus achieve economies of scale. These centers facilitate common logistics operations including planning, development, and display of products as well as their storage, distribution, and packaging. Further, the centers provide educational and training services regarding. As of 2015, there are 41 such centers, including 11 under construction. The centers are relatively small in size since only 9 centers are larger than 3,300㎡. In particular, 22 centers were constructed from 2012 onward following increasing government support. This is mainly because social interest increased owing to the weakening competitiveness of small retailers and the steady increase in the number of super supermarkets that directly compete with small retailers by adopting a similar competitive strategy. The analysis results show that efficiency of the common logistics centers show upward trend. However, it seems that this is mainly because of increases in technology development rather than technical efficiency. The concept of technical efficiency is based on input-output relationships. This results can be used to identify alternatives for investment in capability development of the common logistics centers, which may include both services and infrastructure. Technical efficiency change, technical change, and efficiency change are important sources of production growth in the common logistics centers. These centers enable small retailers to achieve reduced operating costs and increased revenues and to focus on their core competence. Empirical results show that scale inefficiency is the major reason for inefficient decision-making units because lack of number of products may negatively influence output variables. Therefore, the common logistics centers need to analyze needs of customers and develop operational strategy which is customer-driven.

일본 종합물류시책대강의 물류 효율화에 대한 연구

한상훈(Sang-Hun Han),전동한(Dong-Han Jeon) 중앙대학교 한국전자무역연구소 2020 전자무역연구 Vol.18 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 일본의 물류 정책을 전체적으로 파악할 수 있는 제6차 물류종합시책대강에 대해서 살펴보고, 그 중 물류 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있는 물류 효율화 정책을 ‘연결’과 ‘혁명변화’ 부분에 집중하여 분석함으로써 우리나라 물류 정책 발전에 이바지하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 논문구성/논리: 제1장은 본 논문의 서론으로 최근의 문제제기를 하였으며, 제2장은 일본 종합물류 시책대강의 개념과 선행연구를 분석하였다. 제3장은 일본 종합물류시책대강에서 물류 효율화 부분을 살펴보았고, 제4장에서는 일본의 각각 산업에서의 주요 물류효율화에 대해서 사례조사를 하였다. 마지막 제5장은 본 논문의 결론이다. 결과: 일본의 종합물류시책대강은 물류신기술 등의 물류혁명 변화와 물류인재 양성, 국민들의 물류에 대한 이해도를 높이기 위한 계몽활동 등을 통해 공급사슬 전체의 효율화와 고부가가치 창출, 투명화와 효율화를 통한 근무방법의 개혁, 인프라 기능강화를 통한 효율화, 재해, 지구환경 문제 등에 대응가능한 지속가능한 물류 구축 등을 실현하고자 하고 있다. 일본의 물류정책은 물류신기술과 인재육성을 통해 물류를 산업경재력 강화, 풍요로운 국민생활 실현을 뒷받침하는 사회 인프라로 삼음으로써 저출산 고령화 문제에 적극적으로 대응하려는 의지를 볼 수 있다. 독창성/가치: 최근의 일본물류정책과 6차 종합물류시책대강에 대한 연구는 없다. 본 논문은 일본의 최신 물류정책을 살펴보고, 4차산업혁명 시대의 물류 신기술을 통해 일본 물류의 문제점을 해결하려는 방안을 분석하였다. Purpose: This study examined the sixth Comprehensive Physical Distribution Policy to understand Japan s logistics policy as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the development of logistics policies in Korea by analyzing logistics efficiency policies focusing on connectivity and revolution change that can improve logistics productivity. Composition/Logic: Chapter Ⅰ of this paper introduces the topic and the current issues facing the industry. Chapter Ⅱ analyzes the history and concept of Comprehensive Physical Distribution Policy and the related literature. Chapter Ⅲ explores part of the efficiency in the logistics of the Comprehensive Physical Distribution Policy. Chapter Ⅳ discusses the cases of efficiency in logistics in each industry in Japan. The final chapter provides concluding remarks on the study. Findings: The Comprehensive Physical Distribution Policy aims to ensure efficiency in the entire supply chain and the creation of high added value, reform of working methods through transparency and efficiency, efficiency through infrastructure enhancement and building sustainable logistics to cope with disasters and global environmental issues through changes in logistics revolution, training of logistics personnel and enlightenment activities to improve people’s understanding of logistics. Originality/Value: There is no recent research on Japanese logistics policy and the sixth Comprehensive Physical Distribution Policy. This paper examines the latest logistics policies in Japan and analyzes ways to solve the problems in Japan using new logistics technologies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

중국 일대일로 지역의 물류효율성 및 결정 요인에 관한 연구

왕관 ( Guan Wang ),안승범 ( Seung Bum Ahn ) 한국로지스틱스학회 2020 로지스틱스연구 Vol.28 No.3

This research first focuses on the efficiency of logistics by comparing the efficiency of the provinces and cities according to the DEA/BCC model while breaking down the comprehensive efficiency into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Second, the Malmquist model is used to compare the efficiency of the units in different time frames. The efficiency of the decision-making units is analyzed dynamically, and we broke down the total factor productivity index into technical progress index, pure technical efficiency change index, and scale efficiency change index looking at the specific factors that affect the efficiency of logistics. Third, a Tobit regression model was used to analyze the factors as the efficiency of the evaluation results are linked: the level of economic development, location factors, investments, length of transport line, and employees. The main findings are: (1) in the provinces and cities along the Belt and Road, only Shanghai and Fujian’s logistical efficiency is optimal, and the logistical efficiency of other provinces and cities still have great room for improvement, and (2) the influence on the Belt and Road Initiative in logistical efficiency (from high to low) are location factors, employees, investment, the level of economic development and length of transport line.

뉴노멀 시대 물류효율화가 경제성장에 미치는 영향: G-7국가의 경험

이서영 한국무역연구원 2023 무역연구 Vol.19 No.4

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of logistics efficiency in G-7 countries on economic growth. In other words, it quantitatively evaluates the correlation between the alternative variable of logistics performance index (LPI), representing logistics efficiency, and economic growth, providing an in-depth analysis of how logistics efficiency in G-7 countries significantly influences economic growth. Design/Methodology/Approach – In this study, a Cobb-Douglas production function is employed as the basis for the research model. The Cobb-Douglas production function is an economic model that explains output obtained through the efficient combination of factors involved in production. Through this model, the influence of logistics efficiency on economic growth can be estimated. Findings – The estimated results using a fixed-effects model are as follows. Both the amount of capital input (K) and labor input (L) have significant effects on economic growth. On the other hand, the logistics performance index (LPI), representing an alternative measure of logistics efficiency, is not statistically significant in relation to the economic growth rate. Research Implications – This study holds significance in elucidating the relationship between logistics efficiency and economic growth in G-7 countries, and it also contributes to enhancing understanding and interest in the field of logistics.

종합물류기업인증이 물류기업의 효율성에 미치는 영향

박이숙(Yi-Suk Park),소순후(Soon-Hu So) 한국산업경제학회 2017 산업경제연구 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 DEA-SBM 모형을 이용하여 종합물류인증기업의 효율성을 측정하고 종합물류기업인증 획득이 물류기업의 효율성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 실증분석 하는 것이다. 분석을 위해, 인증제도가 시행된 2006년을 기준으로 시행 전인 2005년부터 2014년까지 10년간의 재무정보를 한국신용평가데이터베이스(KIS-VALUE)에서 수집하여 이용하였다. 종합물류기업인증(Certified Integrated-Logistics Company, CILC)과 효율성의 관계를 살펴보기 위해 종합물류기업인증과 관련하여 세 가지 유형(CILC_firm, CILC_year, CILC_type)의 주요변수를 설정하였고 Mann-Whitney 순위합 검정(Rank-Sum Test)과 패널 Tobit 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫 번째 유형은 종합물류기업인증을 획득한 기업의 효율성이 미 획득 기업보다 높은 평균값을 보였고, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 회귀분석의 결과에서도 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 종합물류기업인증을 한번이라도 획득한 기업을 대상으로 한 CILC_year는 인증연도와 미인증연도에 대한 차이분석에서 효율성에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 인증연도의 효율성 값이 유의하게 높았다. 세 번째 CILC_type에서는 종합물류인증기업 중 단독인증 기업의 효율성 평균값이 제휴인증기업의 효율성 평균값 보다 높았고, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 패널 Tobit 분석결과 역시 단독인증기업일수록 효율성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 종합물류기업인증이 효율성에 상당히 긍정적인 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다. 특히 한번이라도 인증을 받은 기업을 대상으로 한 분석에서 인증을 받은 연도의 효율성이 더 높은 것으로 나타남에 따라 종합물류기업인증제도가 물류기업의 효율성 향상에 크게 기여하고 있음을 확인할 수 있게 했다. 또한 제휴인증기업보다 단독인증기업의 효율성이 더 높게 나타난 본 연구의 결과는 최근 단독인증만을 부여하는 정부의 정책방향에 대한 사후적 검증을 했다는데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to estimate the efficiency of Logistics firm and to investigate empirically effects of obtaining certification of integrated-logistics company on logistics Firm’s efficiency. For analysis we have collected data covering a period of ten years from 2005 to 2014. To test the relationship between certification of integrated-logistics company(CILC) and logistics Firm’s efficiency, the key variables of three types are used to CILC_firm, CILC_year, CILC_type with regard to CILC. The major results of this study are as follow; The first, CILC_firm’s efficiency is higher than control sample and shows that there is a statistically significant difference. The result of panel Tobit regression analysis have a significantly positive(+) effect. The second, CILC_year shows that efficiency has a statistically significant difference between certified years and non-certified years and average value of certified year’s efficiency appears significantly higher than control sample. The third, CILC_type shows that average value of the only certified company is higher than certified partnership and has a statistically significant difference. The result of panel Tobit analysis shows that average values of efficiency have a significantly positive(+) effect in case of firms within the only certified company. These findings suggest that The effort of logistics firm for obtaining certification of integrated-logistics company has a positive role to increase of efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that the results obtained in this study can be used as a good reference for enhancing their competitiveness in logistics industries.