광천장 조명환경에서의 활동유형별 적정 조명환경 도출

서은지,이진숙 한국색채학회 2020 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.34 No.2

This study intended to discover a lighting environment that is suitable for behavioral state and lowers visual fatigue. An emotional and psychological evaluation was conveyed regarding types of activity in a residential space of elderly around or over 60, especially those who have impaired visual function in their 20s and 30s. The 'overall' act was designed to evaluate the entire space by looking at the space after changing the lighting environment. In the case of "sewing and handicraft" activities, they were required to sit in a chair and perform sewing and handicrafts using needles and thread placed on white paper on the side of the desk to evaluate the lighting environment. When evaluating 'move at night' in a closed state, it was instructed to move the space to avoid obstacles in the lighting environment presented after installing the obstacle. The appropriate lighting environment for each act proposed based on the results of verification of technical statistics and significant differences is recommended for 300 to 600 lx for overall behavior, 1,000 to1,500 lx for sewing and handicraft, and 2-3 lx for late-night movements. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the lighting environment be planned as an environment in which the user can control the lighting environment according to the user's age and behavior characteristics. In ad0dition, it is expected that it can be adjusted according to individual age and behavior characteristics. Also, it will provide proper brightness and provide a comfortable lighting environment such as safe eye disease and reduced fatigue by minimizing the occurrence of glare.

동·서양인의 업무공간 LED조명환경 연구

양정순(Yang Jungsoon) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2017 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.31 No.7

The purpose of this study is to clarify the preference characteristics of the lighting environment in the East and the West working space through the research on the light environment perception of Koreans and Europeans. As a result of the experiment, The color temperature is preferred to 4000K for both Koreans and Europeans in suitable lighting environment for the work space. The preferred lighting method is direct and indirect lighting and indirect lighting in Europe, and Koreans prefer direct lighting or direct and indirect lighting. For the illumination level, 700lx-1000lx were preferred to Koreans and 500lx-700lx to Europeans. We could find additional grounds for interpretation of the work environment lighting preference result in the study of psychological cognitive evaluation and expectation lighting environment according to work characteristics. Also, we could understand the similarity and difference of light recognition in Korea and Europe. The interpretation of the results shows that the determination of conformity to the work personality in Europe is highly related to the comfort of the lighting environment, and the possibility of categorization of the lighting environment in Korea can be seen. Also, in the work space, correlated color temperature of rich spectrum by combination of Cool White, Warm White and RGB LED chip was evaluated highly even in the white lighting environment. In addition, in Korea, high illumination level is required for the reading and writing objects itself. In Europe, it is preferable that the lighting environment enhances the visual sensibility with the brightness distribution of the entire space in addition to the appropriate illumination level of the object itself. In Europe, where the lighting industry is advanced, the work space has highly evaluated the value of the space design in which the overall harmonious brightness distribution is recognized by the expansion of space and visual comfort through direct and indirect lighting and indirect lighting. This design direction should also be noted in the interior of a country. Through this research process, it is revealed that the significance of this study is to reveal the importance of research on the local users in the globalization strategy of the lighting industry and propose research methods.

주거공간의 조명환경 평가구조분석 및 이미지 평가에 관한 연구

이진숙(Lee, Jin-Sook),최종문(Choi, Jong-Moon),김소연(Kim, So-Yeon) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.7

This study is aimed to investigate how the occupants evaluate the lighting environment and which components of the lighting environment affect the occupants, in order to plan the lighting environment reflecting the needs and preferences of the occupants. Therefore, the purpose is to draw the planning condition of the lighting environment considering the sensitivity of the occupants by identifying the relationship between the lighting environment and the emotion of the residential space. For this purpose, we make the evaluating structure model for the lighting environment of users by using the interview research methods led by questions. A total of 16 rating vocabularies were derived such as 「warm」「cozy」「delicate」「luxurious」「soft」「comfortable」「neat」「bright」「clear」「tidy」「harmonious」「various」「wide」「refined」「fresh」「stable」; With regard to the characteristics of the lighting environment components, they were classified as the 「physical characteristics of the lighting」-which is evaluated by the range for the correlated color temperature of the lighting and the brightness of the space; the 「characteristics of the lighting-applied type」-which is evaluated by the lighting layout due to the placement of Illumination source, illumination methods by the light distribution, the architectural lighting, and the direction of the illumination source; and the 「characteristics of the lighting installation」-which is evaluated by the number, illuminated places, and locations of the lighting application and the motion control method of the lighting fixtures. Also, based on theses analysis results, we induced characteristics and types of the image evaluation structure for the lighting environment through the evaluation by each vocabulary for the evaluating targets of the lighting environment.

동ㆍ서양인의 주거공간 행태에 따른 LED조명환경

양정순(Jung-Soon Yang) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2013 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.27 No.12

This study describes the difference of lighting directing techniques of between asian and westerner in the residential space, and presents the LED lighting environment according to the residents’ behaviors. This study was conducted with Koreans, European and North Americans, and the space range was limited to the living room where the various activities occur. The data of the desired LED lighting environment is drawn through lighting technique, illumination color temperature and illuminance variation of LED in living room, and the detailed study results are as follows ; First, the lighting in living space should be made with considering the various behaviors because the expected level according to consideration or not of behavior makes much difference. Second, the comfortably feeling LED lighting environments that are lighting technique, illumination color temperature and illuminance variation, are different between Koreans and North Americans, but Koreans and European feel comfortable under the similar LED lighting environments. Third, the data for the comfortable LED lighting environments is established according to the various residents’ behaviors, which are watching TV, reading, studying, relaxing, chatting, entertaining guests. And then, the established LED lighting environments are analyzed with characteristic of behavior and classified according to lighting technique, illumination color temperature and illuminance variation for understanding their characteristic Few studies have been conducted to find out difference of the comfortably feeling LED lighting environment between asians and westerners. Therefore, in this study, it has a great significance to present the difference of the LED lighting environments that asians and westerners feel comfortable in living space, and to draw the characteristic of the expected lighting environment according to residents’ behaviors.

출신지 위도에 따른 선호 조명환경에 대한 기초적 연구

양정순(Jung-Soon Yang) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2017 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.31 No.6

Humans have adapted and evolved under the constantly changing natural light. At this paper, it started the research under the assumption that the perception of light environment is different according to geographic environment such as latitude. Based on color temperature, intensity of illumination, and lighting method, it investigated the preference response to readability for people with various latitudes and derived lighting data on light environment preference according to their native latitude groups. It was found that for those people who have lived long hours under the strong light near the equator through the analysis process, they prefer the high illumination level and the high color temperature in the space environment for reading. The people lived in the ‘latitude 35°~40°’ and ‘latitude 15°∼20°’ range hasve been similarly evaluated for readability of the light environment. Although it is evaluated differently depending on the illumination level and the illumination method, the suitable color temperature for the illumination environment in the reading environment is 4000K, which is suitable for the illumination environment in the reading environment. In particular, 4000K with of 700lx of direct illumination or the mix of direct and indirect illumination use is are preferred. Although there are limitations on various kinds of experiments on in the experimental variables, the preferable illumination environment of different latitude has more influenced by the color temperature rather than the illumination method or the change in the illuminance levels. the illumination direction for the readability function in the presented condition is preferable to the illumination environment according to the latitude of the hometown according to the color temperature rather than the illumination method or the illumination change in the range of illumination, The difference was significant. This study has significance in raising the importance of experimental study on the light environment based on latitude which is the overlooked geographical environment.

소규모 사무실 직접조명의 최적 계획을 위한 시각적 지각 분석

백용규,김수영 한국문화공간건축학회 2019 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.68

The influences of lighting fixtures such as shapes and layouts on the perception of lighting environments and space are discussed in this study. For a small private office space, seven lighting design alternatives were created using four different lighting fixtures. The target illuminance of space kept by the alternatives ranged from 650 lx to 677 lx. The space with lighting alternatives was modeled using Lightiscape and thirty two participants evaluated them based on an image projected on a screen. Results indicate that the evaluation results for lighting environments were affected by the areas of fixtures and their brightness in the ceiling. Smaller size of fixtures achieved positive decorative conditions but failed to provide positive evaluation for all other evaluation for lighting environments. The rectangular shaped-fixture lied across the eye sight of evaluators kept good lighting environments. In order to keep lighting conditions better, the rectangular shaped-fixture are recommended to be placed across the eye sights of evaluators rather than along the eye sights. Square-shaped fixture covered with lens functioned effective for better perception of lighting environments. Prediction models indicate that the perception of overall spatial satisfaction was influenced by psychological stableness for space, openness of space, light distribution from fixtures, satisfaction for lighting environment and psychological stableness for lighting. Among them, satisfaction for lighting environment was the most strong influence factor.

Comparison on the lighting environment of living room between China and Korea : Comparative study on the lighting environment of houses in Korea and China 1

Kim, Hyun-Ji,Jia, Hao,An, Ok-Hee The Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrica 2009 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.23 No.11

To compare the lighting environment of the living rooms in the apartments in Korea and China, this research conducted a study of the current status, targeting 79 households in Korea and 68 households in China. The results are the following. First, the two nations use mostly fluorescent light as the general lighting for the living room. China, in particular, share of not using the local lighting is very high. Secondly, levels of illumination was measured. The result demonstrates that the brightness of the lighting is higher in Korea compared to China while China demonstrates higher uniformity ratio for the levels of illumination compared to Korea. However, levels of illumination in general are very low in China. Thus, it cannot be concluded that China offers favorable lighting environment. Third, study on the degree of living room lighting's brightness and satisfaction level demonstrates that they are both average in Korea and China. As for the important points for the house lighting, most Koreans cited 'brightness of the lighting' while most Chinese said 'ease of maneuvering'.

핸드레일조명을 활용한 보행환경 조도에 관한 연구

이도훈,이은영,이돈일 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.5

(Background and Purpose) During the period of early civilization, humans developed the ability to make fire. Even today, the era of the LED, lighting continues to positively influence our lives, However, even the lighting effects us in a gpositive way, we are currently facing a problem in the form of the light pollution. Given that artificial lighting is a major cause of light pollution, it is imperative to consider the proposed pedestrian environment in accordance with the appropriate lighting requirements. This study suggests a safe, comfortable environment and level of the illumination using handrail lighting for the pedestrians. (Method) Accordingly, it distinguishes suitable lighting methods for the walking path by simulating the results of various installation methods in the handrail lighting environment. It also proposes appropriate product performance and installation methods and level of illumination that can be utilized for future reference for the implementation of handrail lighting conditions. In this backdrop, this study focuses on the spatial scope of the night pedestrian path using handrail lighting. In addition, it proposes suitable LED lighting performance proposals and optimized pedestrian illumination and walking environment proposals using Relux, a lighting simulation program. (Results) First, the optimized specification could be confirmed through handrail lighting for pedestrians in walking envrionment. Through the vertical plane analysis, it was confirmed that the most suitable light distribution was 60 degrees and the irradiation angle was 35 degrees. Second, in residential and commercial areas, one-way and central survey handrail types were found to be most suitable for the pedestrians. The horizontal illumination criterion was fulfilled at a distance of 1m between the lights. In the case of the bidirectional cross handrail lighting method, it was confirmed that it is suitable for commercial areas at the distance of 2m. Third, it was confirmed that the vertical pedestrian illumination of 5 ~ 10lx was satisfied even in the handrail lighting environment. Although the height of the lighting was as low as 1m, it was confirmed that the vertical illumination of 1.5m height satisfies the criterion. (Conclusions) This study focuses on illumination using handrail lighting in pedestrian paths and defines the basic specifications of lighting to prevent light pollution. In addition, the types of handrails and lighting intervals satisfying horizontal illumination were specified, and simulations confirmed that the vertical illumination of pedestrians could be fulfilled through handrail lighting. These findings could be considered as guidelines for future use of handrail lighting. (연구배경 및 목적) 인류가 문명의 시기로 접어들기 시작하면서 접하게 되는 것이 불빛이었고 오늘날에 LED조명의 시대에 이르게 되기까지 많은 발전을 해왔으며, 현재는 빛 공해에 대한 문제가 제기되고 있는 시점에 이르렀다. 이러한 인공적인 조명으로 인해 빛공해에 대한 다양한 피해가 발생하고 있으며 보행자 환경에 따른 적합한 조명의 제안과 보행환경에 대한 제안이 필요하다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구는 보행환경에서 핸드레일조명을 활용한 안전하고 편안한 환경과 그에 따른 조도 제안을 목적으로 한다. (연구방법) 이를 위해 보행환경별 적합한 조명방식을 구분하고 그 중 핸드레일조명 환경에서의 다양한 설치방법에 따른 결과를 시뮬레이션을 통해 도출하고자 한다. 본 연구의 주안점은 도시환경을 구성하는 요소 중 하나인 핸드레일조명이 야간 이용 보행자에게 적합한 환경을 제공하고 있는지 살펴보고, 연구자가 설계한 실험 및 시뮬레이션 도구를 통해 보행자에게 최적화된 조명, 조도환경을 제시하는 것이다. 연구의 범위는 보행공간을 구성하는 요소 중 하나인 핸드레일조명을 활용한 야간보행로를 공간적 범위로 하고, 적합한 LED조명 성능 제안과, 조명시뮬레이션 프로그램인 Relux를 활용하여 최적화된 보행자 조도환경 및 보행환경 제안을 내용적 범위로 하였다. (결과) 이를 통해 얻어지는 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보행환경에서의 핸드레일조명으로 최적화된 배광 사양이 60°임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 둘째, 주거·상업지역에서 편방향 및 중앙조사형의 핸드레일 유형이 가장 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 핸드레일조명 환경에서도 보행자 연직면조도 5~10lx를 만족함을 확인하였다. (결론) 본 연구는 보행환경에서의 핸드레일조명을 활용한 조도에 관한 연구로 빛공해 방지를 위한 조명의 기본사양을 정의하고 수평면조도를 만족시키는 핸드레일의 유형과 조명간격을 규정하였으며, 핸드레일조명을 통해 보행자의 연직면조도를 만족시킬 수 있음을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 향후 핸드레일조명 설계 및 사용에 지침서가 될 것으로 기대한다.

공동주택단지 외부공간 유형별 야간 빛 환경에 대한 연구

한정원(Han, Jeong-Won),안지혜(Ahn, Jil-Hye) 한국실내디자인학회 2014 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of this study is to identify current condition of night lighting plan for the outdoor space in an apartment complex and to examine how residents perceive that environment. For this purpose, considerations and standards for safe and agreeable night lighting environment were examined through literature study. And a field study to determine the current state of the night lighting environment was conducted, and finally a survey was executed to find out residents’ satisfaction, requirements and consciousness on that lighting environment of apartment complex. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. Firstly, most standards for night lighting environment focus on the urban environment as a whole, so they have very few clear standards exclusive for the outdoor space of the apartment complex. Secondly, most of outdoor spaces surveyed in this study have met the basic illumination standard, but some spaces had parts where lights were off or out of order forming dark zones, and in some parts lights were screened by trees causing shades, poor safety and a narrowed sight. Thirdly, residents had interest in the night lighting environment of the outdoor space, but they were not fully satisfied with that environment. Fourthly, residents were negative about such factors of the environment as safety, convenience, recognition and aesthetics. These factors should be reflected in planning and improving the night lighting. It is expected that this study provides basic information necessary to plan safer and more agreeable night lighting, and to satisfy the residents" need for liveable apartment complex.

선행 EEG 실험연구 분석을 통한 공간의 조명요인에 관한 연구

김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),김주연 ( Jooyun Kim ) 한국공간디자인학회 2018 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.13 No.2

(연구배경 및 목적) 오늘날 현대인들은 과거의 생활 방식과 다른 패턴을 가지게 되었다. 따라서 야간을 이용한 활동성이 많은 생활 패턴을 나타내고 있다. 또한 이러한 생활패턴의 변화는 많은 사회적 환경에 영향을 주어 새로운 적응적 환경 요소 개발 및 변화를 필요로 한다. 특히 우리나라는 도시의 밀도가 높아지면서 야간 활동이 증가함에 따라 사용되는 조명요소인 조도가 높아지고 있으며, 공공장소에서의 야간조명이 빛 공해를 주고 있고 이에 대한 문제점이 노출되어 있다. 이와 같은 상황에서 빛 공해발생의 근본적인 빛에 대한 학문적 근거나 기준이 미비하며 또한 인체가 인지하는 측면의 연구가 부재하여 새로운 조명 요인에 대한 인지적 기준을 필요로 한다. 이러한 측면에서 조명 요인에 대한 선행 EEG 실험의 내용을 근거로 조명 요인에 대한 결과를 종합하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 본 연구에 있어서는 선행 EEG 실험 연구의 조명 영역에 대한 논문을 조사하여 주요항목별로 분석하여 내용을 종합하려 하며 연구범위는 2001부터 2016년까지의 논문에 대하여 내용별 항목 도출법에 근거하여 분석하였다. 내용에 있어서는 실험 연구 현황, 주제 및 항목, 실험 환경 및 조명, 실험 장비 및 변인 분석을 통하여 조명에 있어 가장 중요한 구성요소에 대한 가설적 측면에서 조도와 색온도에 대한 내용을 종합하려한다. (결과) 연구 결과는 조명의 구성요소에 대한 EEG 실험연구의 내용적 미비는 조명의 구성요소인 조도, 색온도, 연색성, 휘도에 대한 향후 실험 진행을 위한 인지적 연구 결과가 매우 미비한 것으로 종합되었다. 따라서 선행 연구된 종합된 조도는 높을수록 각성을 나타냈으며 색온도는 높을수록 업무 집중도가 상승하는 것으로 종합되었다. 그러나 향후 실험을 위한 기준 자료로서의 역할이나 연구 가설로서의 중요성이 없다는 것을 인지할 수 있었다. (결론) 따라서 본 연구는 향후 조명에 대한 구성요소의 환경적 가이드라인을 위한 인지적 범위 및 내용을 확립하기 위한 선행 연구내용 종합의 기초 연구로서 향후 EEG 실험을 통한 기초적 데이터베이스 적인 역할을 위한 조사연구이었다. 또한 향후 EEG 실험 연구는 각 조명 요소에 대한 사례 및 내용을 측정을 통하여 인체가 인지하는 뇌파의 반응을 통한 조명 환경의 인지적 범위 및 내용을 설정하는 것이 향후 연구의 목적이다. (Background and Purpose) Today, modern people have different living patterns from those in past lifestyles. Many people’s activity patterns are now characterized by nighttime activity. In addition, these changes in living patterns affect many social environments and require new adaptive environmental factors to be developed and changed. In particular, as the density of cities increases, nighttime activity in the country also increases; thus, illuminance, which is the lighting factor used, is increasing. Night light in public places creates light pollution, which is a problem. In such a situation, there is a lack of academic foundations or standards for the fundamental light of light pollution, and there is no study of human perception, requiring cognitive standards for new lighting factors. In this respect, the purpose of the study is to synthesize results regarding lighting factors based on the contents of the previous EEG experiments on lighting factors. (Method) Accordingly, this study aimed to survey previous EEG experimental studies on lighting and to analyze them by item. As a result, studies published from 2001 to 2016 were analyzed on the basis of the method of drawing items. Specifically, the actual conditions of experimental research, theses and items, experimental conditions and lighting, experimental equipment, and variables were analyzed. In this way, this study aimed to summarize analysis results regarding illumination intensity and color temperature in the hypothetical aspect for the most essential components of lighting. (Results) According to the analysis of previous EEG experimental studies on lighting components, it was found that they lack cognitive research results for future experiments on the intensity of illumination, color temperature, color rendering, and brightness as components of lighting. In the analysis of previous studies, the higher the illumination intensity, the stronger the arousal; the higher the color temperature, the greater the work concentration. However, they did not offer standard data for future experiments and did not offer important research hypotheses. (Conclusions) As fundamental research analyzing and summarizing previous studies in order to establish the cognitive scope and contents for environmental guidelines regarding lighting components, this survey study can provide a basic database for future EEG experiments. A future EEG experimental study aims to analyze cases of lighting components, measure contents, and thus establish the cognitive scope and contents of the lighting environment based on the reaction of brain waves recognized by the human body.