한국인의 여가활동 잠재유형과 영향요인

신아름 ( Areum Shin ),김석호 ( Seokho Kim ) 한국조사연구학회 2021 조사연구 Vol.22 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 한국인의 여가활동 유형을 추출하여 그 특성을 비교하고, 각 유형의 영향요인을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 <2018 국민여가활동조사> 자료를 활용하여 전국 성인남녀를 대상으로 잠재집단분석(Latent Class Analysis)을 수행하고, 여가활동 유형의 차이를 만들어내는 사회경제적 특성, 인구학적 특성 그리고 여가자원 특성을 검토하였다. 분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 여가활동의 잠재집단 유형은 ‘일상적 여가형’, ‘스포츠·관광 몰입형’, ‘취미오락 중심형’, ‘적극적 옴니보어형’, ‘문화예술 애호가형’ 등 5개 유형으로 구분된다. ‘일상적 여가형’과 다른 네 가지 유형을 비교한 결과 첫째, 교육수준, 가구소득, 거주지역 등의 사회경제적 특성이 ‘일상적 여가형’과 다른 네 가지 유형을 구분 짓는 중요한 요인이다. 둘째, 성별과 연령은 ‘일상적 여가형’과 다른 네 가지 유형을 차별화하는 특성으로 나타났으며, 혼인여부와 일인가구 여부는 부분적으로 ‘일상적 여가형’과 다른 유형을 구분짓는 요인이다. 반면 연령대별 자녀 수는 대부분 ‘일상적 여가형’과 다른 네 가지 유형을 구분짓는 데 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 여가 자원의 경우 여가시간이 증가할수록 ‘적극적 옴니보어형’과 ‘문화예술 애호가형’보다 ‘일상적 여가’형에 속할 가능성이 크고, 여가비용이 많을수록 ‘스포츠·관광 몰입형’과 ‘취미오락 중심형’에 속할 가능성이 크다. 이 연구는 한국인의 다양한 여가활동 지형을 읽어내고 서로 다른 여가활동에 관련된 원인을 인구학적 특성, 사회경제적 지위, 여가자원 차원으로 구분해 설명함으로써 향후 정책 수립에 필요한 심층적 정보를 제공한다. This study attempts to identify a distinctive leisure activity pattern among Koreans. However, though the leisure pattern consists of several leisure activities, existing studies primarily concentrated on each leisure activity. To bridge the empirical gap, the present study conducts Latent Class Analysis to identify subgroups of leisure activities. The data come from National Leisure Activity Survey. The results are as follows. First, latent class analysis identified five distinct subgroups with different leisure activity types: ‘Casual Leisure’, ‘Sports and Tourism Lover’, ‘Hobby and Entertainment-Centered’, ‘Active Omnivore’, ‘Culture and Art Enthusiast’. Multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that the significant predictors of belonging to leisure activity patterns were gender, age, education, household income, and residential area. Second, among demographic characteristics, gender and age were found to differentiate four other types from the'Casual Leisure', and the marital status and single-family status were partially distinguished from the ‘Casual Leisure’ appear. On the other hand, it was found that the number of children by age group did not significantly affect. Third, as leisure time increases, it is more likely to belong to the ‘Casual Leisure’ than the ‘Active Omnivore’ and the ‘Culture and art Enthusiast’. The current research offers substantial findings that provide leisure topography in Korean society. Also, it can be extended to explain the characteristics of the individual that affect the leisure activity type.

도시노인의 여가활동에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 관한 연구

허준수(Jun Soo Hur) 한국노년학회 2002 한국노년학 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 도시노인들의 여가활동의 실태와 여가활동에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인들을 규명하기 위해서 여가활동에 대한 사회인구학적 요인, 주관적 건강상태, 우울증, 사회적지지 및 생활만족도 등과의 관계들을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 서울시에 거주하면서 노인종합복지관, 종합사회복지관 및 경로당을 이용하시는 65세 이상의 노인들 중에서 총 220명을 편의 모집하여 구조화된 설문지로 면접자에 의한 설문을 실시하였고, 최종 185명이 분석에 활용되었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과들은 다음과 같다. 1) 응답자들의 정적여가활동과 문화예술관련 여가활동은 많이 하는 편이나, 체육활동, 여행, 가족 및 친구관련, 문화예술 및 사회참여 관련 여가활동들에 대한 참여는 적었다. 2) 연령, 교육수준, 결혼상태, 동거상태, 주택형태, 신체적 및 정신적 건강상태, 생활수준 등에 따라서 여가활동참여에 차이가 나타났다. 3) 교육수준, 월 소득 및 사회적지지 등이 모든 여가활동참여도에 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 4) 연령, 교육수준, 월 소득, 신체적 건강상태 및 여가비용 등에 응답자들이 총여가활동참여도에 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 서울시소재 여가 및 복지시설 이용 노인들을 중심으로 하여 비 이용 일반노인들에게 연구결과를 일반화하기에는 문제가 있다. 정부는 장기적인 측면에서 노인여가정책을 재정립하고 이를 통하여 노인들의 성공적인 노화를 추구할 수 있는 구체적인 방안을 모색해야 한다. This study examined that major determinants of leisure activity among urban elderly persons, and explored some relationships among the leisure activities, socio-demographic variables, depression, social support, and life satisfaction of the elderly persons. Two-hundred-twenty elderly persons over 65 were interviewed and one-hundred-eighty-five respondents' responses were finally analysed. The statistical methods used for the data analysis were descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. Major findings were as following. First, the respondents were did more participated in the passive leisure activities than the other leisure activities. Second, the respondents' ages, education levels, marital status, living arrangements, housing status, physical and mental health status, and socio-economic levels were effects on the leisure activities. Third, the respondents' education levels, income, social support were significantly related to the leisure activities. Fourth, age, education, income, physical health status, and leisure expenses were major determinants of the leisure activities among urban elderly persons. The respondents were mainly users of welfare and recreation facilities, So the results of the study could not generalized to the non-users of these facilities.

Leisure Time Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Pattern and Determining Factors

Amin, Tarek Tawfik,Al Khoudair, Ali Salah,Al Harbi, Mohammad Abdulwahab,Al Ali, Ahmed Radi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.1

Background: Identification of reliable predictors of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) will enable healthcare providers to intervene and change the patterns of LTPA in the population to improve community health. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence and pattern of LTPA among adult Saudis aged 18-65 years, and to define the socio-demographic determinants that correlate with LTPA in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2176 adult Saudis attending urban and rural primary health care centers were selected using a multistage proportionate sampling method. Participants were personally interviewed to gather information regarding socio-demographics, physical activity pattern using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Physical activity (PA) in each domain was expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs). Results: The median total METs minutes/week for LTPA for both genders was 256, higher for men (636 METs minutes/week) compared to women (249METs minutes/week). Overall, only 19.8% of the total PA was derived from LTPA. Of the sampled population 50.0% reported doing no leisure activity. Using the cut off of 600 METs-minutes/day or 150 minutes of moderate intensity over 5 or more days/week, only 21.0% of the included sample were considered as being sufficiently active and 10.4% were in the high active category with beneficial health effects. Multivariate regression analysis showed that male, younger age (<35 years), absence of chronic disease conditions and moderate level of total PA were significant predictors for being active in the LTPA domain. Conclusion: The prevalence and intensity of LTPA among the included sample demonstrated low levels. Nearly 80% of the included sample population did not achieve the recommended LTPA level with beneficial health effects. Female gender, urban residence and associated chronic diseases correlated with a low LTPA.

여가스포츠 활동 유형화에 관한 국가 간 비교연구

조욱연(Woogyeon Jo),황선환(Sun-Hwan Hwang) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2014 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.38 No.4

The purpose of this study was to classify the typology of leisure sport activity and examine the casual relationof determinants based on the International Social Survey Program 2007: Leisure Time and Sports which wasthe first international survey in the field of leisure sport activity. To achieve this goal, 23 OECD memberswere selected. After making 4 groups with cluster analysis, Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA) was usedto analyze the determinants of leisure port activity typology. GDP, working time, education level, cardiffusion, poverty rate were used as casual variables for Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The findings of thisstudy were as follows. First, typology 1 had high GDP, car diffusion and low working time. Second, Koreabelonged in typology 2 showed high working time, education level, poverty rate, and low GDP, cardiffusion. Third, it showed that countries belonged in typology 3had high working time, education leveland low GDP, car diffusion, poverty rate. Lastly, countries of typology 4 had no specific determinants ofleisure port activity typology.

지도자중심의 여가교육이 청소년들의 신체활동 참여동기와 건강과 관련된 삶의 질에 미치는 효과

김보람(Kim, Bo-Ram) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

This study aims to test effects of instructor-based leisure education to facilitate adolescents’ physical activity (PA) motivation and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To reach study goals, we recruited after-school physical educators who teach students in after-school leisure-time physical activity in middle schools in Seoul. 171 students of instructors who were randomly assigned into either intervention group or control group. Both students of instructors were asked to completed the questionnaire twice over the after-school leisure-time physical activity course. For data analyses, SPSS Windows Ver. 23.0 program was used for testing the effects of instructor-based leisure education—i.e. interaction effect. As results, instructors who received leisure education (LE) became more autonomy supportive toward their students than those of instructors in the control group. At the same time, students of instructors in the LE showed greater autonomous motivation and higher level of HRQoL than those of instructors in the control group. In conclusion, instructors who received the LE were more autonomy supportive toward their students, and their students benefited from receiving autonomy support in terms of autonomous motivation to PA and HRQoL via after-school leisure-time physical activity. The findings showed that leisure education is important for physical activity instructors.

청소년들의 여가시간 신체활동은 어디서 오는가?: 자기결정이론에 근거한 종단 연구

김보람,천승현 한국체육학회 2023 한국체육학회지 Vol.62 No.5

This study sought to explore the prior variables of self-determined motivation and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA), and to examine where adolescents’ LTPA came from. The relationship between physical education teacher autonomy support, students’ self-determined motivation, and physical activity intention in leisure time was investigated. To this end, the first measurement was conducted in early March for students attending middle and high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do (N=250), and the second measurement was conducted in mid-July at the end of the semester. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, and structural equation model verification were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 25.0 programs, and the results obtained are as follows. Autonomy support at the beginning of the semester was shown to have a positive effect on autonomy support at the end of the semester, and it was also positively predicted for self-determination motivation at the end of the semester. On the other hand, autonomy support at the beginning of the semester did not affect LTPA intention, while self-determined motivation at early semester predicted greater self-determined motivation and higher level of LTPA intention at late semester. These findings suggested that self-determined motivation can play important factor to increase adolescents’ LTPA. At the same time, teachers can be a crucially-important social agent to motivate students’ self-determination in PE setting.

배드민턴 여가스포츠 참여자의 참여 동기와 운동 중독 간 관계 모형 분석: 자기결정이론의 동기 유형을 바탕으로

전성범 ( Sung Bum Chun ) 한국체육학회 2021 한국체육학회지 Vol.60 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 자기결정이론을 통해 규정되는 다양한 종류의 배드민턴 참여 동기가 배드민턴 운동 중독 성향에 미치는 영향을 탐구하고자 하는 것이다. 본 연구의 연구대상은 여가스포츠로 배드민턴 활동에 참여하는 내국인으로 설정하였다. 표집 기준은 최근 6개월 이내에 스포츠 활동에 참여한 대상자 중 배드민턴 종목을 참여한 참여자로 하였으며, 최종적으로 351명의 데이터가 수집되었다. 구조방정식 모형 분석을 통해 도출해 낸 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 배드민턴 참여 동기 중 상대적으로 자기결정성이 짙은 내적동기, 통합조절, 확인조절 상태는 운동중독에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 자기결정성이 개입되어 있지만 주로 타인으로부터의 인정이나 심리적 죄책감을 피하고자 하는 동기인 내사조절은 운동중독에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 가장 자기결정성이 약한 외적조절 동기는 배드민턴 운동중독에 영향을 미치지 않은 반면에 참여 동기가 결여된 상태인 무동기가 운동중독에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of motivation to participate in badminton as a leisure activity on exercise addiction tendency. Participants’ motivation was categorized by self-determination theory. The study participants were people who participated in badminton activities as a leisure activity. The sampling criteria were participants who have participated in badminton as a leisure activity within the last 6 months. 351 participants’ data were collected for the analysis. The results from the model analysis are as follows. First, among the motivations to participate in badminton, the strongest and most self-determining factors, which are intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, and identified regulation, did not affect exercise addiction. Second, introjected regulation, which is primarily a motivation to avoid psychological guilt, had a significant effect on exercise addiction. Third, the least deterministic external regulation did not affect badminton exercise addiction, whereas amotivation, a state of lack of participation motive, had a positively significant effect on exercise addiction.

군대 내의 여가활동 종류에 따른 자기결정성 및 집단응집력의 차이

김민종,송경재,이종형 한국군사회복지학회 2016 한국군사회복지학 Vol.9 No.1

요약 Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 1. 사회의 변화와 그에 따른 군의 변화 2. 여가에 대한 기존의 연구들 Ⅲ. 연구 방법 1. 연구대상 2. 측정도구 3. 자료분석 방법과 연구문제 Ⅳ. 연구 결과 1. 집단-개인 차원에서의 여가활동에 따른 집단응집력의 차이 2. 집단-개인차원에서의 여가활동에 따른 자기결정성의 차이 3. 집단차원에서의 여가활동에서 자기결정성 정도에 따른 집단응집력에서의 차이 Ⅴ. 논의 참고문헌 Abstract Most of researches regarding leisure activity have been related to the individual aspect on leisure activity. However, the collective aspect is more important in the military because the purpose of the existence of the military, which is to win the war. In addition, the military has to protect the country and the people, so the military has to try to improve the collective ability. Thus we think a new leisure concept is needed to correspond to the purpose which the military has been existing for and the characteristics of the military. The core hypothesis on this study is that the collective leisure activities are more positively related to the collective scale(group-cohesion) than the individual leisure activities. And this study is examining the degree of self-determination according to each leisure activity, and the effect of self-determination on the group-cohesion. The result supports the core hypothesis and the collective leisure activities are more positively related to the self-determination than the individual leisure activities, meaning that the degree of self-determination dosen’t have any effect on the group-cohesion.

여가시간 신체활동과 체육수업 내 자기결정동기 간의 상호관계

천승현(CheonSungHyeon),김보람(KimBo-ram) 한국체육학회 2017 한국체육학회지 Vol.56 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 유기체통합이론의 관점에서 체육수업 내 학생들의 자기결정동기와 여가시간 신체활동 간의 상호관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 따라서 체육수업 자기결정동기가 여가시간 신체활동의 변화를 주도하는지 아니면 여가시간 신체활동이 자기결정동기의 변화를 촉진시키는 것인지 그 상호적인 관계를 시기별 측정을 통해 살펴보았다. 이를 달성하기 위해 수도권에 위치한 체육수업에 참여하고 있는 중고등학생(N=714)을 대상으로 자료 수집을 진행하였다. 구체적으로 3월 학기 초 측정과 7월 학기 말 측정을 통해 이론에 기초한 상호작용효과모형을 적용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 시기별 측정에 따른 사전-사후의 자기결정동기와 여가시간 신체활동은 모두 정적으로 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 체육수업 내 자기결정동기는 여가시간 신체활동의 변화를 정적으로 예측함과 동시에 여가시간 신체활동은 체육수업 내 자기결정동기의 변화를 정적으로 예측하였다. 이러한 상호작용은 체육수업에서의 자기결정동기의 수준이 향후 미래의 여가시간 신체활동의 변화에 직접적으로 영향을 준다는 것을 의미하며, 여가시간 신체활동 역시 체육수업 내 학생들의 자기결정동기의 변화에 직접적으로 영향을 미친다는 사실을 보여준다. 결론적으로 학생들이 체육수업을 즐겁고 재미있게 참여하고, 학습활동에 대해 가치와 의미를 부여할 때 이들의 여가시간 내 신체활동이나 스포츠 참여율은 높아질 수 있다는 사실을 보여준다. 동일한 맥락에서 여가시간 신체활동의 참여유무가 학생들이 체육수업 내 자기결정동기 수준의 결정적인 요소가 될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 발견은 현장의 체육수업 내 지도자 및 유소년 생활체육지도자들이 학생들의 동기를 효율적으로 부여하고 지도함에 있어 실질적이며 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이다. Grounded on Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000), the purpose of this study was to examine the reciprocal relations between student leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and self-determined motivation in physical education (PE) setting. Thus, this study tested whether students’ self-determined motivation at the early semester leads to changes of LTPA at the end of semester or LTPA at the beginning of semester leads the change of student’self-determined motivation at the end of semester. A two-wave longitudinal research design over the course of semester was employed. Study hypotheses were analyzed using the model of reciprocal effects grounded on OIT. To attain the aim of this study, middle and high school students (N=714) in Seoul and KyoungGiDo were asked to complete the questionnaire twice during the semester period. Following testing the hypotheses, data revealed positive relationship between LTPA and self-determined motivation in PE. Theoretically-aligned relationship between the change of LTPA and the change of self-determined motivation in PE were observed. That is, students’self-determined motivation in PE at the early semester positively predicted the change of LTPA at the end of semester; at the same time, students’LTPA at the early semester postively predicted the change of students’s self-determined motivation at the end of semester. In conclusion, students who are autonomously motivated in PE is more likely to involve in LTPA, while students who are participate in LTPA tend to highly engage in PE lesson. Such findings can provide insightful information to PE teachers or exercise instructors to effectively motivate their students in their practices.

자기결정력 강화 주말 여가 중재가 특수학급 지적장애 학생의 자아존중감 및 행복감에 미치는 영향

장현민 ( Jang Hyun Min ),허유성 ( Heo Yu Sung ) 한국지적장애교육학회(구 한국정신지체아교육학회) 2016 지적장애연구 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 자기결정력을 강화한 주말 여가 중재를 개발하여 실시한 후 지적장애 학생의 자아존중감과 행복감에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구에는 20명의 지적장애 학생이 참여하였다. 실험집단 및 통제집단에 각각 10명을 배치하였다. 본 연구는 사전-사후검사 실험-통제집단 설계를 적용하였으며, 사전검사 점수를 통제하기 위해서 공변량분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 연구결과에 의하면, 주말 여가 중재가 지적장애 학생들의 자아존중감과 행복감에 전반적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. `전체 자아존중감`은 물론 하위 요인 중 `가정에서의 자아존중감`과 `사회적 자아존중감`이 통제집단과 비교해 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 행복감 역시 유사한 결과를 보였다. 즉, `전체 행복감`과 하위 요인 중`가정환경`, `자아특성`, `대인관계`에서 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 모든 영역에서 실험집단의 평균이 높게 나타났다. 논의에서는 교육적 함의점과 추후연구에 대한 제언을 하였다. This study examined the effects of weekend leisure activity intervention on the self-esteem and happiness of students with intellectual disabilities placed at middle and high school special education classrooms. Twenty adolescent students with intellectual disabilities participated in this study. Twenty students were allocated either to an experimental group or a control group. Each group was consisted of ten students. The weekend leisure activity intervention was implemented about during five weeks. Pretest-posttest control group design was employed to analyze the effects of leisure activity intervention. MANCOVA and ANCOVA were used for data analysis. According to the key results, the weekend leisure activity intervention showed statistically significant effects on both students` self-esteem and happiness. In detail, the experimental group`s self-esteem including comprehensive self-esteem, home self-esteem, and social self-esteem increased significantly compared to those of control group. Similarly, happiness including family environments, ego characteristics, and interpersonal relations changed positively after experiencing intervention. In discussion section, educational implications and future research were suggested.